Amnesty

Amnesty is exempt or withdraw from prosecution for certain acts by the highest authority of a state. The word amnesty comes from the Greek amnestia, oblivion. One's actions are an amnesty if it were to oblivion and thus completely obliterated. A collective amnesty is also called a general pardon.

There can be granted amnesty to certain individuals or to all those who have committed a specific offense. Amnesty may even cover all criminal acts committed in a particular period or in connection with certain conditions.



Contents
*1 Difference between amnesty, pardons and dismissal  ==Difference between amnesty, pardon, dismissal [  edit ] == Under grace means the waiving, reducing or changing punishments that the judge imposed either on the basis of an individual request, or in the form of a collective pardon . Grace is no acquittal, the person is not innocent.
 * 2 The legal basis of amnesty
 * 2.1 Netherlands
 * 3 Reason for amnesty
 * 4 Examples
 * 5 See also

Amnesty differs from pardon because a person is presumed innocent at full amnesty. The offenses are completely obliterated. Amnesty may also take place before there is a conviction or trial.

Even if no further action is not someone punished for his actions, but there are big differences between the concepts of closure and amnesty:

==The legal basis of amnesty [  edit ] == ===[Netherlands  edit ] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The possibility of amnesty is governed by Article 122 paragraph of the Dutch Constitution .
 * A dismissal is a decision of an ordinary prosecutor . This decision can be reversed if a higher authority still decide to prosecute, for example following a complaint by the victim. The reason for a dismissal is usually that the authorities have other priorities, or that they expect that the evidence will prove to be insufficient.
 * An amnesty is always a decision of government and parliament, and is usually given for political reasons.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Amnesty is always done by or pursuant to a standalone formal law . This means that the adoption of an amnesty done by government and parliament together.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Here, too, distinguishes itself from amnesty pardon: a pardon granted under the Gratiewet by the Minister of Justice, without any parliamentary approval is required. However, the Minister of Justice in the case of pardon afterwards accountable to parliament, under the right of interpellation . ==<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);"><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;">[Reason  for amnesty <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;">edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">]  == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The history was often granted amnesty to normalize relations after a political upheaval, civil war and the like. In the process of reconciliation may grant the victorious party amnesty to those who have resisted during the riots against that party. The point is often made an exception for the leaders of the party, or for perpetrators of very serious (war) crimes.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Another reason may be, a changed insight into the extent of objectionable nature of certain actions. If one of the criminality of an offense abolishes or reduces the maximum sentence, one can also give the already condemned amnesty. ==Examples <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The granting amnesty may be controversial. In 1949 and in 1954 in Germany amnesty, which were contrary to the principle according to some of denazification . ==See also <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==
 * The earliest described amnesty was that of Thrasybulus of Athens . The Thirty Tyrants and some others were excluded from the amnesty.
 * On March 16, 44 BC. were Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius and the murderers of Caesar amnesty of the Senate and Caesar was also declared divine.
 * The Restoration of Charles II of England granted amnesty, but the people who had taken the execution of Charles's father were excluded part.
 * The last amnesty law by the British was adopted was that of 1747, which the participants in the Jacobite rebellion of 1745 pardon was granted.
 * Napoleon granted an amnesty on 13 March 1815 . Thirteen prominent figures, including Talleyrand were excluded.
 * The amnesty Prussia on 10 August 1840 .
 * The general amnesty proclaimed by Francis Joseph I of Austria in 1857.
 * The general amnesty granted by the President of the United States , Andrew Johnson, after the American Civil War (1861 - April 9, 1865) in 1868.
 * The French amnesty of 1905 .
 * The general amnesty for South Africans who have opposed apartheid in August 1991. Approximately 40 000 people to be released.
 * Desi Bouterse and all suspects in 1982 were granted amnesty on April 4, 2012 in response to the December murders in Suriname.
 * Amnesty International
 * Collective pardon
 * Gracefulness
 * Rehabilitation