Graceland (album)

Graceland is the sixth studio album by American musician Paul Simon, released in August 1986.

It was a hit, topping the UK Album Chart, and reaching number three on the US Billboard 200. The album won the 1987 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, while the title song won the 1988 Grammy Award for Record of the Year. In 2007, the album was added to the United States National Recording Registry, along with another 24 significant recordings that year. It is included in many "best of" and "greatest" album lists including both Rolling Stones[1]  and Times.[2]



Contents
[hide]  *1 Overview  ==Overview[ edit] == ===Background[ edit] === Coming at a time when Simon's musical career was at something of a low ebb following the disappointing public response to Hearts and Bones, the project was originally inspired, as Simon explained on the album notes of the first release of the record, when he listened to a cassette lent to him by Heidi Berg, a singer-songwriter who Simon was working with as a producer. The cassette, an instrumental called Gumboots: Accordion Jive Hits Number 1, was from a South African band, The Boyoyo Boys. In an interview, Simon described the Boyoyo Boys track as "instrumental music with an accordion, electric guitar, bass, and drums." He said it reminded him of "a certain kind of fifties rock 'n' roll."[3]  Simon later wrote lyrics to sing over a re-recording of the song, which became the fourth track on the album, beginning with the structure and then adding the melody. ===Music[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">Graceland features an eclectic mixture of musical styles including pop, a cappella, isicathamiya, rock, and mbaqanga. The album was strongly influenced by the earlier work of South African musicians Johnny Clegg and Sipho Mchunu, and the Zulu-Western pop cross-over music realized in their band Juluka. Juluka was South Africa's first integrated pop band. Simon includes thanks to Johnny Clegg, Juluka and Juluka's producer Hilton Rosenthal in the "Special Thanks" citation included in Graceland's liner notes. Much of the album was recorded in South Africa, and it features many South African musicians and groups. Simon faced accusations by organisations such as Artists United Against Apartheid,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jones_4-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[4]  anti-apartheid musicians including Billy Bragg, Paul Weller and Jerry Dammers<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-denselow_5-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[5]  and the then GhanaianAmbassador to the United Nations James Victor Gbeho<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6]  that he had broken the cultural boycott imposed by the rest of the world against the apartheid regime in South Africa, which was in its final years at the time. Although supported by the United Nations Anti-Apartheid Committee, as the album showcased the talents of the black South African musicians while offering no support to the South African government, even the ANC protested the collaboration as a break in the cultural boycott.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jones_4-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[4] However Simon also received praise for encouraging South African music from Hugh Masekela, one of South Africa's most prominent musicians and an exiled opponent of apartheid, who subsequently toured alongside Simon and Miriam Makeba.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-denselow_5-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[5]  The worldwide success of the album introduced some of the musicians, especially the vocal group Ladysmith Black Mambazo, to global audiences of their own. The song "Homeless" was written jointly by Paul Simon and Joseph Tshabalala, the lead singer of Ladysmith Black Mambazo, to a melody from a traditional Zulu wedding song.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[7]
 * 1.1 Background
 * 1.2 Music
 * 2 Reception
 * 3 Track listing
 * 4 Personnel
 * 4.1 Songwriting credit dispute with Los Lobos
 * 5 Accolades
 * 5.1 Grammy Awards
 * 6 Charts
 * 6.1 Peak positions
 * 6.2 Year-end charts
 * 6.3 Decade-end charts
 * 7 Certifications
 * 8 References

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">Simon included American 'roots' influences with tracks featuring Zydeco musicians such as Clifton Chenier and Tex-Mex musicians. The Everly Brothers sing harmony on the title track. Linda Ronstadt appears on the track "Under African Skies", the second verse of which Simon wrote based on her childhood experiences.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height:1;font-size:11.1999998092651px;white-space:nowrap;">[citation needed] ==Reception<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">Graceland was Paul Simon's highest charting album in the U.S. in over a decade, reaching #3 in the national Billboard charts, receiving a certification of 5× Platinum by the RIAA and eventually selling over 14 million copies, making it Simon's most commercially successful album. Critics welcomed its eclectic mix of sounds and broad, quirky subject matter and it regularly shows up in critic polls and "recommended" lists. The album also helped to draw worldwide attention to the music of South Africa.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">The album drew accolades from the beginning. Rolling Stone called it "lovely, daring and accomplished"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RS1986_11-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[11]  and Robert Christgau enthused it was "so strange, so sweet, so willful, so radically incongruous and plainly beautiful."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Christgau_9-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[9]  It was so acclaimed by other critics that he later anticipated that it would top The Village Voice Pazz & Jop critics poll for that year (1986).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PazzJop_17-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[17] <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">"I don't like the idea that people who aren't adolescents make records. Adolescents make the best records. Except for Paul Simon. Except for Graceland. He's hit a new plateau there, but he's writing to his own age group. Graceland is something new. That song to his son is just as good as 'Blue Suede Shoes': 'Before you were born dude when life was great.' That's just as good as 'Blue Suede Shoes,' and that is a new dimension." —Joe Strummer, in an interview with Richard Cromelin for theLos Angeles Times on January 31, 1988<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:9.60000038146973px;">[18] <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">In the Graceland Classic Albums video, Simon states that he considers the title track the best song he has ever written. A popular music video starring Simon and Chevy Chase was made for the hit song "You Can Call Me Al". Simon toured the album extensively, featuring many of the artists from the album in addition to exiled South Africans Hugh Masekela and Miriam Makeba. Two concerts in Harare, Zimbabwe, were filmed in 1987 for release as "The African Concert". The audience was a multi-racial mix with many travelling from South Africa.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">The success of the album earned Paul Simon the Best International Solo Artist award at The Brit Awardsin 1987.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[19]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">In 1998, Q magazine readers voted it the 56th greatest album of all time. In 2006, Q magazine placed the album at #39 in its list of "40 Best Albums of the '80s".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[20]  It was also ranked #84 in a 2005 survey held by British television's Channel 4 to determine the 100 greatest albums of all time. In 1989, it was rated #5 onRolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Best Albums of the Eighties.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RS1989_21-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[21]  It was placed 81st (71st in the updated version from 2012) on the list of Rolling Stone magazine's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time as "an album about isolation and redemption that transcended "world music" to become the whole world's soundtrack."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RS500_1-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[1]  The song "Graceland" was voted #485 in the list of Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In 2002, Pitchfork named it the 85th best album of the 1980s citing it as "a phenomenal musical achievement".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[22]  In 2006, Time named it one of the All-Time 100 Albums.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Time2006_2-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2]  In 2012, Slant Magazine listed the album at #19 on its list of "Best Albums of the 1980s".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[23]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">A 2012 documentary film, Under African Skies, directed by Joe Berlinger celebrates the 25th anniversary of the album's release, and includes archival footage, interviews, discussion of the controversy associated with the original release, and coverage of an anniversary reunion concert.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[24] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[25] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PATLEDGER_26-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[26]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">In 2012, American Songwriter gave the 25th anniversary re-issue 5 stars, describing the album as "a cultural experiment that changed the way the western world viewed South Africa."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[27]  In 2012 the 25th Anniversary edition of the album entered the UK top 10 once again. ==Track listing<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">Additional tracks

==Personnel<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Songwriting credit dispute with Los Lobos<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">The group Los Lobos appear on the last track, "All Around the World or The Myth of Fingerprints." According to Los Lobos's saxophone player Steve Berlin, Simon stole the song from Los Lobos, giving them no songwriting credit:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[29]
 * A 2004 CD reissue of the album includes three previously-unreleased bonus tracks:
 * Paul Simon – acoustic guitar (tracks 1 and 11), guitar (tracks 5 and 7), lead vocals, synclavier (track 3 and 4), six-string electric bass (track 6), backgroundvocals (tracks 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9)
 * Rob Mounsey – horn arrangement (track 6) (uncredited on album)
 * Ray Phiri – guitar (tracks 2, 5, 6, 7, and 9)
 * Adrian Belew – guitar synthesizer (tracks 1, 6, and 9), guitar (track 7)
 * Demola Adepoju – pedal steel guitar (track 2)
 * Daniel Xilakazi – lead and rhythm guitar (track 4)
 * Sherman Robertson – guitar (track 10)
 * César Rosas – guitar and backing vocals (track 11)
 * David Hidalgo – guitar, accordion, and backing vocals (track 11)
 * Conrad Lozano – bass (track 11)
 * Alonzo Johnson – bass (track 10)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[28]
 * Lloyd Lelose – bass (track 9)
 * Bakithi Kumalo – bass (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7)
 * Isaac Mtshali – drums (tracks 5, 6, 7, and 9)
 * Vusi Khumalo – drums (tracks 1 and 2)
 * Petrus Manile – drums (track 4)
 * Alton Rubin, Jr. – drums (track 10)
 * Louie Pérez – drums (track 11)
 * Steve Gadd – additional drums (track 11)
 * Makhaya Mahlangu – percussion (tracks 1 and 2)
 * Ralph MacDonald – percussion (tracks 4, 6, 7, and 11)
 * Youssou N'Dour – percussion (track 5)
 * Babacar Faye – percussion (track 5)
 * Assane Thiam – percussion (track 5)
 * James Guyatt – percussion (tracks 5,6 and 7)
 * Lulu Masilela – tambourines (track 4)
 * David Rubin – washboard (track 10)
 * Alton Rubin, Sr. – accordion (track 10)
 * Jonhjon Mkhalali – accordion (track 4)
 * Forere Motloheloa – accordion (track 1)
 * Rob Mounsey – synthesizer (tracks 1 and 6)
 * Barney Rachabane – saxophone (track 4)
 * Mike Makhalemele – saxophone (track 4)
 * Teaspoon Ndela – saxophone (track 4)
 * Lenny Pickett – tenor saxophone (track 5)
 * Earl Gardner – trumpet (track 5)
 * Alex Foster – alto saxophone (track 5)
 * Ronnie Cuber – bass and baritone saxophone (track 6)
 * Jon Faddis – trumpet (track 6)
 * Randy Brecker – trumpet (track 6)
 * Lew Soloff – trumpet (track 6)
 * Alan Rubin – trumpet (track 6)
 * Dave Bargeron – trombone (track 6)
 * Kim Allan Cissel – trombone (track 6)
 * Morris Goldberg – penny whistle (track 6), soprano saxophone (track 9)
 * Johnny Hoyt – saxophone (track 10)
 * Steve Berlin – saxophone (track 11)
 * The Everly Brothers – additional vocals (track 2)
 * The Gaza Sisters – vocals (track 3)
 * Diane Garisto – backing vocals (track 4)
 * Michelle Cobbs – backing vocals (track 4)
 * Ladysmith Black Mambazo – vocals (tracks 5 and 8)
 * Joseph Shabalala – vocals (track 8)
 * Linda Ronstadt – additional vocals (track 7)
 * Roy Halee  - engineer


 * "It was not a pleasant deal for us. I mean he [Simon] quite literally—and in no way do I exaggerate when I say—he stole the song from us... We go into the studio, and he had quite literally nothing. I mean, he had no ideas, no concepts, and said, 'Well, let's just jam.' ...Paul goes, 'Hey, what's that?' We start playing what we have of it, and it is exactly what you hear on the record. So we're like, 'Oh, ok. We'll share this song.'" <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[30]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">Paul Simon answered:


 * "I just said at this stage I don't care whether the album comes out without Los Lobos on it. I was getting really tired of it—I don't want to get into a public slanging match over this, but this thing keeps coming up. So we finished the recordings. And three months passed, and there was no mention of 'joint writing.' The album came out and we heard nothing. Then six months passed and Graceland had become a hit and the first thing I heard about the problem was when my manager got a lawyer's letter. I was shocked." <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[31]

==Accolades<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Grammy Awards<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ==Charts<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Peak positions<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ==Certifications<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==