Phonograph

The  phonograph  is the forerunner of the Gramophone. The phonograph was patented by Thomas Alva Edison on 19 February 1878 and provided the first possibility to include sound and to play again. Edison phonograph is in all likelihood based on a fonautograaf that in 1860 by the Parisian inventor Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville was built.



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[hide] *1 Operation  ==Operation[ Edit] == At the phonograph through a membrane and a steel needle the sound vibrations recorded, because the sharp point of the needle a Groove of varying depth pulls into a metal layer that is fitted to a rotating cylinder. After recording, the needle to the top of the cylinder and in the sound track. By then the cylinder to turn around was the recorded sound through a horn playing.
 * 2 Development
 * 3 International
 * 4 Media

As is well known, was the first recording document that Edison himself made a recording of the English nursery rhyme "Mary had a little lamb": ==Development[ Edit] == Edison initially used as sound carrier foil foil, but that turned out to be vulnerable. Therefore one went over on the use of a wax roller. In 1890 Charles Tainter obtained patent on the grafofoon: improved version sound carrier by applying carnauba wax as a replacement for the mixture of paraffin and beeswax.

From 1890 appeared the first commercial phonographs. There was a small number of music titles for sale. In the beginning, it was more a curiosity than a full-fledged sound carrier. Each role had to be addressed separately, sounded soft and was worn out after running five times.

In the early 20th century was stronger waxes use. The result was more volume and longer service life of the cylinder. There was also a process developed to an original to make a negative. Copying began the mass production. The playing time went from two to four minutes. Meanwhile also made the flat plate by Emile Berliner (the 78-rpm record) are on the rise. This was (in its final form) made of shellac, was easy to multiply and formed a serious competition. Edison stuck to the cylinder.

From 1912 he began with the production of a celluloid-role, called Blue Amberol. The amberols be played with a diamond needle, and can be played hundreds of times without significant wear. For playing be rewindable oak cabinets are used, which give the sound without electrical reinforcement by. This playback cabinets are from 1914 to 1928 in production remained unchanged. More than half a million are produced. ==International<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The protocol of Edison is never broken through in Europe. In Britain, the Gramophone Company who was responsible for the legendary recordings of Caruso. In France developed a own standard Pathé (Le Coq) popularly called Pathéphoon . Still, several Dutch artists at Edison recordings made. Around 1906 have Solser & Hesse (the forerunners of Snip & Snap) various songs recorded, as well as Alida Lutkeman and the Duo Paul. There is also a recording of the then national anthem Wien Hollands Blood, sung by m. Gros (# 18471). In the Blue Amberol series are there in 1912 about 20 Films released titles such as J.H. Speenhoff and Nap de la Mar. Incidentally, there in that time most music on 78 rpm gramophone records included. The players were also equipped with the characteristic Horn, and were also called phonograph. Artists such as Albert BallEduard J and can be found on labels like Odeon, Victor, Favorite, Jumbo and Zonophone.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Cylinders can only be played through a phonograph. The phonograph has a mechanical sound reproduction, and has no plug into a socket. The gramophone is both in drive as display depending on electricity. 78 rpm-plates can be both a phonograph and a Gramophone plays.