History of the United States (1865-1918)

In the period of 1865-1918 United States of America developed itself into an international superpower. In this period the US were struggling with the aftermath of the civil war, while at the same time, industrialiseerden, overseas territories as well as the Panama channel obtained and became involved in the first world war.



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[hide] *1 Reconstruction  ==Reconstruction[ Edit] == Andrew Johnson, president during the beginning of the Reconstruction, was subject to a impeachmentprocedure.After the victory of the Northern UnionStates in the civil war followed a period of Reconstruction which lasted from 1865 to 1877. The former Confederate States were economically and militarily completely defeated and large parts of the South lay in rubble. Abraham Lincoln was a mild policy for in the aftermath of the war and wanted the reports to reintegrate as quickly and smoothly as possible States in the Union, but the assassination of the 16th president made the Reconstruction of a bitter fight. After 1866 theCongress, mainly in the hands of radical Republicans, demanded that all States had to meet certain conditions before they could function as a full member of the Union again.There were laws that the, now had to protect and live in freedom, black population that gave equal rights to all citizens. The southern States also had to formally annul their secession and approve the so-called Reconstruction Ammendments, 3 amendments to the Constitution that finally forbade the slavery and the right to vote to black people gave.Confederate officers was deprived of the right to vote. The free black population was also made possible to stand for election in the southern States. In total, during theReconstruction some 1,500 black elected officials at the local and State level. Initially, the ten Confederate States (Tennessee was excluded and was again included in the Union as early as 1866) split into 5 military districts, each with a military administration that the Administration handed over to the newly elected eventually on the States, Republican, State Governments.
 * 1.1 the end of the Reconstruction
 * 1.1.1 elections of 1876
 * 1.2 race relations after Reconstruction
 * 2 immigration and the trek westward
 * Indians policy 2.1
 * 2.2 growing Union
 * 3 Industrialization
 * 3.1 transcontinental railroad
 * 3.2 technical innovations
 * 3.3 Gilded Age
 * 3.4 political divisions
 * 3.5 advance of the trade union movement
 * 4 The progressive era
 * 4.1 America is a global power
 * 4.2 Spanish-American war
 * 4.3 early imperialism
 * 4.4 Further overseas expansion
 * 4.5 Reelection and assassination attempt
 * Theodore Roosevelt 5
 * Nature protection under Roosevelt 5.1
 * 5.2 foreign policy
 * 5.2.1 Interventionism
 * 5.3 Taft and the Republican split
 * Presidency of Woodrow Wilson 6
 * 6.1 Mexican interventions
 * 6.2 The United States in the first world war
 * 7 Sources
 * 8 footnotes

Lincolns successor as president, Andrew Johnson, a Democrat from Tennessee who in 1865 Vice President as running mate was Lincolns, was initially scheduled for the hard line that was advocated by the radical Republicans in Congress. But after he had become president Johnson once showed a moderate and a supporter of admitting policy towards the South. This policy brought him into direct conflict with Congress. The first major political confrontation took place in 1866 when Johnson, who have several Confederate officials had granted a presidential pardon, his veto a burgerrechtenwet which was adopted by the Congress. He did so on the grounds that the 11 reports had no representation in Congress and States that the law took effect on the rights that were reserved to the States themselves. The Democrats in Congress, representing the interests of the white population in the South protected, supported Johnson. The proponents of the law in Congress under the leadership of the Republicans had enough votes to undo the presidential veto. President Johnson also fought Later against the adoption of the 14th amendment to the Constitution that to most people who were born in the US granted citizenship (Indians were excluded).

In response to this and other conflicts between Johnson and Congress as well as some members of Congress discussed Johnsons Secretary of war Edwin Stanton, which was strongly opposed by the president, openly plans to start an impeachment against Johnson. The pretext to them in the long run by Johnson himself in the lap when the president tried on an illegal way to replace Lorenzo Thomas Stanton.

On 24 February, by the House of representatives with 126 votes for and 47 against so-called Impeachment Articles adopted. This made the process laid down in the Constitution for impeachment of a sitting president (Impeachment) for the first time in American history operated. The formal legal case against the president in the Senate was presided over by the Chief Justice of the United States Salmon p. Chase. The case turned to a large extent around the attempt by Johnson to Stanton to replace. According to Johnson's opponents this was in violation of the law that forbids a president to dismiss Cabinet members for no reason without being approved by the Senate. Johnsons defense pleaded that Stanton was appointed by Lincoln and thereby not covered by the provisions of the law fell. Johnson found that he could replace him by a person appointed by himself. Eventually after a drawn-out process it came to a vote in the Senate where for actual deposition a 2/3 majority is required. This majority was not achieved, however, with one voice too short and Johnson survived the procedure. Johnson's status as president was seriously affected by the process, however, and he would have relatively small influence the rest of his term more from practice. ===The end of the Reconstruction[ Edit] === For the presidential election of 1868, the Republicans nominated the war hero and general u.s. Grant and he won the Presidency with ease. Grant ruled for two full terms thanks to a huge profit when the elections of 1872 and he led the Government until 1877. The Republican party In this period was plagued by allegations of corruption and Grant was regarded by many as weak. During these years, lost some confidence in the radical Republicans and Reconstruction in the South got the Democrats, who were vehemently against the Reconstruction, more and more power. For a part was the progress made by the freed blacks had booked again reversed. The Ku Klux Klan grew in the southern States but this movement was hard fought by the Government of Grant who openly tolerated violence against blacks do not.

In the three years between 1868 to 1870 were all former rebellious States admitted to the Union and moderate Democrats began to focus more on economic issues than on their opposition to the Reconstruction.Democrats and disillusioned Republicans started to form coalitions in the southern States and in 1873 were still only 4 former Confederate States with a Republican administration and in 1875 no more. Also rural fared badly after the Republican party blamed for a sharp economic downturn in 1872 near Grant was laid in 1874 congressional elections and the party to control of the House of representatives had lost to the Democratic Party. Promote gradually lost interest since the Reconstruction of all the important goals were achieved, namely the reinstatement of the southern States in the Union, the adoption of the constitutional amendments that the black people civil rights and the undermining of geconfedereerd nationalism in the South. Further military presence in the South was seen as undesirable and unconstitutional. ====Elections of 1876<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;"><sup lang="en" len="306" style="line-height:1;">Main article: see United States presidential election, 1876

Rutherford Birchard Hayes, winner of the controversial elections of 1876.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Grant introduced himself not eligible for re-election for a third term in 1876. For the Democrats Samuel Tilden was the candidate while the Republicans during their Convention after seven rounds of voting Governor Rutherford b. Hayes of Ohio pushed forward. Tilden, who had received in New York name as the man who the powerful and corrupt party boss in that State, had tried Boss Tweed, stood for reforms in response to the corruption during the Government of Grant while the Republicans campaign conducted with the civil war in mind. The slogan of the Republicans that was popular to many was: "not every Democrat was a rebel but every rebel was a Democrat". Both candidates stood for a formal end of theReconstruction .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The elections turned out on a political and constitutional crisis and are the most disputed in history. Tilden won where it concerned the number of votes cast but the American system, that a candidate who obtains the most votes in a given State all electors of that State gets assigned made sure the outcome in the electoral college was far from certain. Tilden had a lead of 184-165 after on 4 after all States had certified their results. In Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina each party had, however, claimed the victory of its candidate and inOregon was the constitutional legality of one election campaign manager disputed. Together, these four States account for 20 electors.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina, covering 19 electors, the official results showed a slight edge for Tilden but there was talk of serious electoral fraud and many Republican supporters were threatened with violence. Another complication was that the Democrats had their ticket in many cases bear the profile of Abraham Lincoln, the assassinated Republican president. Eventually certain in all three States the electors that an Election Commission for the State in question were assigned to Hayes. The Governors of these States sealed the result and sent that to Washington, DC where the official count of the votes cast by electors was held in the Senate. In Florida and Louisiana were also sent to Washington by Democratic officials sealed results while in South Carolina the democratic electors were emailing their result also on its own initiative. In Oregon came Hayes won off the bus but the Democratic Governor disputed one of Hayes ' electors from that State were also on constitutional ground and there are two sets of results reported.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The official results gave thus a gap of one vote (185-184) in favor of Hayes again but the Democrats contested this enormously. Tensions between the two camps ran high and there were threats expressed that inaugurated Hayes never would be. President Grant saw itself even forced the military presence in Washington D.C. to increase in the run-up to the inauguration.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Republicans argued that the Constitution the final addition of votes cast by the electors to the left the president pro-tempore of the Senate, a Republican who would decide in favor of Hayes, while the Democrats claimed that a voice that was disputed by one of the Chambers of the Congress could be not counted. This had the Democrats in the House of representatives the chance the outcome in favor of Tilden to settle disputes. A period of political tug of war over the disputed vote followed on 29 January 1877 by Congress until a Committee was set up to settle the matter. Each House of Congress provided 5 Committee members who were spread evenly about Democrats and Republicans. The Supreme Court delivered the other 5 members, 2 of these were Democrat and two Republican. These four judges chose the fifth paragraph that the Supreme Court itself represented and the choice fell on the nominal Republican but impartial ladies and Bradley Joseph. The Committee considered the disputed votes per State and finally had in all four cases after a vote of 8-7 by the Commission, only three days before the inauguration, the electors to Hayes assigned which thus became the 19th president of the United States. Shortly after the chapter of the Reconstruction was finally closed. ===Race relations after Reconstruction<span class="mw-editsection" len="384" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Photo of a lynching, late 19th century<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The end of the Reconstruction meant mostly reversed the equal status that blacks in the southern States had enjoyed since the abolition of slavery. It was more difficult for blacks to exercise their right to vote and sometimes they were lynched. Through the so-called Jim Crowwetten was the public life in the South mostly separated with separate facilities for whites and colored people. The Ku Klux Klan also began in this period to grow stronger and in some areas black families were forced to leave. Democrats who once again came to power in the southern States took laws to which, for example, the representation of blacks and Republicans as limited by constituencies was concentrated in certain districts.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1896 the American Supreme Court decided in the case Plessy v. Ferguson that racial segregation was not unconstitutional provided that separate but equal facilities for Blacks were. This principle was called Seperate but equal or separate but equal. Earlier it was already determined that only discrimination in 1883 by the Government was forbidden but not in the private sphere. Race relations in the United States would remain problematic until in the middle of the 20th century. ==Immigration and the trek westward<span class="mw-editsection" len="387" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == "Oregon trail"-migration from East to West<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Even before the civil war started the expansion to the West after the conflict continued unabated. Via the Oregon Trail and other routes flowed thousands of people the relatively sparsely populated areas west of the Mississippi River within. Even before the civil war were some States formed and in the half century between 1865 and 1915 many more would follow.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Also a true migration came from abroad on gang, with millions of immigrants from all parts of the world that wanted to build a better life in the United States, away from the hunger and wars of the motherland, the pogroms and discrimination. So came between 1880 and 1920, some 2 million Jews in America and knew the decades from 1900 to 1920 the influx of about 2 million Italians. Many millions also arrived from Germany, Poland, Russia, the Habsburg empire, Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. Also arrived fromCanada there are a million of mainly New England Francophones withdrew. Other immigrants who settled the country deserves thanks for having apologised generally in more or less separated communities. Thus was born there is a large Italian community in New York City, Boston and many Irish people established themselves around the Midwest became the new home for Germans and Scandinavians. This quest for a better existence would the term create The American Dream and of the United States make a true melting pot of peoples.

Put millions of immigrants their first foot on us soil to Ellis Island in New York Harbor like on this photo from 1902<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In total the number of immigrants grew in this period with about 37 million and the total u.s. population, who in 1880 for the first time exceeded the 50 million, grew significantly including the US made an economic powerhouse. The first port of call for most newcomers was New York City where the statue of liberty, the by Bartholdi monument unveiled in 1886 and designed by France to the United States was donated, the future American citizens welcomed. The first set foot on American soil for many millions of immigrants that was Ellis Islandin 1892, the first immigrants processed and was in use up to the 20th century. Nowadays the island is a national monument in the waters around New York that along with the statue of liberty is managed by the National Park Service .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Not all immigrants were equally welcome and the immigration of Chinese, for example, was through the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 made impossible. Chinese were to do this, especially to the Western States drawn, leaving to the unstable situation in their mother country to the railways to work or take part in the various outbreaks of gold rush there. To persons of Japanese ancestry was from the middle of the first decade of the 20th century likewise difficult to enter the country although many at the time, that no via HawaiiState was, in a roundabout way still reached the us. Also at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century various chronic and mentally sick persons, for example, passed laws out of the land of Wagner. ===Indian Policy<span class="mw-editsection" len="369" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === A camp of Arapaho is seen in this picture of circa 1870<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Shortly after the emergence of the us it was the policy of the Government with regard to the indigenous population for this westward move, sometimes forced, and to house them in reserves . Interaction between the Indians and whites was, as much as possible, avoided, or there was an attempt to assimilate Indians into society, initially with little success.The increasingly westward migratory Americans came, however, after the middle of the 19th century more often than before in direct and indirect conflict with Indians. Hunting theAmerican bison, which was brought on the brink of extinction, had adverse effects on Indian tribes that lived on the prairies and the bison used for food, clothing, housing and the manufacture of utensils.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Wars between Indian tribes and the army were more or less regularly fought in this period of westward expansion of the population. These Indians wars dating from the time of the earliest English and French penetration in the North American continent and often it was not as simple as the traditional image of a European or American military power against Indian tribes who were trying to survive peacefully. Many a conflict, especially during the colonial period and the first decades after the emergence of the us, consisted of several Indian tribes that sided with one or other white army, were fighting against other tribes. Also not the Indians competed as a unified whole, but some tribes were aggressive than others and they were also regularly clashed with each other. It should also be noted that the method of warfare such as the Indians who practiced in European and American eyes as cruel and ruthless was seen.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Comanche, Cheyenne and Arapaho were all several times in conflict with American troops in the period between 1865 and the end of the century. Also in the Northwest, in California, Idaho, Oregon and Washingtonfound only in 1879 in order wars place that came after the Shoshone had been defeated. Previously, there were battles between the army and the Nez Perce after it had killed a group of pioneers. The UteIndians had in september 1879 a group of cavalry and infantry of the u.s. Army in the Red Canyon attacked, resulting in a bloody battle. In 1880, the Ute were finally defeated.

Geronimo, the Chief of the Apache, surrendered in 1886 about<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Also the Apache in the southwest of the country carried out bloody battles with the army in the Apache wars from 1864 to 1886. The Apache, led by their charismatic ChiefGeronimoin 1886, were forced to surrender.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The SiouxIndians, those from the area around the Great Lakes to the prairies in the West withdrew, had a reputation of ruthlessness and brutality after they pull on their many different tribe bloody had fought against it. They had before and during the civil war even though the u.s. Army fought several times, most recently from 1866-1868. The Sioux, under Chief Red Cloud, fought the army quite successful and them became at the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) given a large area where they have a reserve, free from us military presence and intervention, here.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The last, and most famous, battle between the Sioux and the army took place near a river in South Dakota, the Little Bighorn. A gold rush in the Black Hills in 1876 made for an invasion of gold miners who on and around land that was claimed by the Sioux gold mines exploited. The army seized not in against the gold miners but was in action against the Sioux, led by their Chief Crazy Horse stood.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The 7th Cavalry regiment under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, separated from the main body of the army, came across in 1876 on a camp of the Sioux, which Custer decided the battle. Take this became known as Custer's Last Stand and is now part of American folklore. The battle was disastrous for the Americans who far outnumbered were against the Sioux. All soldiers, including Custer himself, died in this battle of the Little Bighorn. Despite their victory were the Sioux and their allies then finally defeated fairly quickly and in 1877 gave Crazy Horse surrendered.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The last meeting between an Indian tribe and the u.s. military was made on 29 december 1890 place when there is a massacre was caused after a group of militant Sioux 500 soldiers on the Pine Ridge Reservation (South Dakota) near Wounded Knee attempted to disarm it. After an overnight stay near Wounded Knee Creek Indians were surrounded.They were almost disarmed when a scuffle broke out because a young warrior did not want to give his new rifle.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EB15_1-0" len="205" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  there was a shot between the struggling men and an American soldier was hit. The soldiers opened, with support of machine guns<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EB15_1-1" len="205" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[1], up close the fire on the Indians who were still armed only with sticks and knives that they had hidden in blankets. Fleeing Indians were pursued and sometimes kilometers far from the camp killed<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EB15_1-2" len="205" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[1]. Azerbaijanis over 200<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EB15_1-3" len="205" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[1]  also to kill Indian side-women and children-and 25 on American side.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At the end of the century ran the armed conflicts slowly drawing to a close and another was chosen for Indian policy. In 1887 the Dawes Act adopted by Congress gave the president the authority to land that was inhabited by Indian tribes and to family heads to give on loan for 25 years, after which the family could take full possession of the land and also the American nationality was donated. Land that was left, however, was sold to white pioneers. The result was that large parts of Indian country passed in white hands. The thought behind the Dawes Act was to better integrate Indians into American society, an opportunity that was seized by many. However, those who refused to assimilate into the white society remained on the reserves housed where they often lived in poverty. ===Growing Union<span class="mw-editsection" len="369" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The flag of the United States such as those between 1896 and 1908 had flown across the country<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The increasing population, partly fed by the flood of immigrants, and the ever westward expansion of this population in the period between the civil war and the first world war for enlargement of the Union to include as many as 12 States. In 1867 and 1876 respectively were Nebraska and Colorado member of the Union and in the 7 years between 1889 and 1896 became another 7 new States admitted to the Union: North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington in november 1889 and Idaho and Wyoming the following year while Utah became a State in 1896.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1907, the former Indian Territory Oklahoma a State under the name while in the Southwest, in 1912, the area of the 48 contiguous States was unlocked with the admission of New Mexicoand Arizona that during this period the number of stars on the flag of the United States increased from 36 to 48. It would be below 47 years before there is another star to the flag would be added after the admission of Alaska as the 49th State to the us. ==Industrialization<span class="mw-editsection" len="371" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the period following the civil war the United States rapidly began to develop into an economic superpower. This second industrial revolution transformed the economy of the country to by far the largest in the world.The vastness of the country and its agricultural land, the many natural raw materials that the soil is rich and full flow of immigrants layers behind. This economic growth was facilitated by a rapid expansion ofinfrastructure, a transportation network that linked all parts of the country. To transport water went through the rivers and canals that were built as well as along the coast while on land the railways were crucial for thedevelopment of the continent. ===Transcontinental Railroad<span class="mw-editsection" len="381" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The Golden Nail was struck on May 10, 1869 at Promontory Point, Utah, completing the transcontinental railroadPoster ad from 1869 for the transcontinental railroad<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the civil war were the East and west coasts of the North American continent with the transcontinental railroad connected to each other. The idea for this railway line had its origin long before the war, but the conflict brought forward its importance. In 1862 became the Pacific Railway Act authorised the line formally adopted and started the Union Pacific Railroad and the Central Pacific Railroad with building the infrastructure itself. The two railway lines met in Utah where on may 10, 1869 the ceremonial Golden Spike into the ground was struck near Promontory Point. Until 1872 the trains still had to take a ferry crossing Missouri but this was unnecessary after opening in that year of a railway bridge across the river. With the completion of the railway line was the time it took to overland from New York City to travel to San Francisco several months reduced to one week. ===Technical innovations<span class="mw-editsection" len="377" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Thomas Edison demonstrates his phonograph<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The United States, driven by the huge economic expansion, were the scene of many technical and scientific innovations. Around the time the country its fourth 100-year anniversary in 1876, the telephone and Telegraph were commonplace. Thomas Edison, record holder regarding the number of patents that he owned, developed the light bulband the phonograph in the years immediately after. Other inventions of importance were for example the typewriter and the simplification of the still camera by George Eastman, the founder of Kodak.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Around the turn of the century began the automobile industry to an unstoppable rise. Detroit became the center of this industry with the creation ofCadillac in 1901. Later also made General Motors Ford and their headquarters in the Motor City. Henry Ford introduced the Assembly line in 1913 in his factories and started a revolution in industrial production methods. Introduced In 1908 Ford Model T become famous that the automobile accessible made for the "common man" and in 1915 rolled the one millionth automobile assembly-line in the Ford's factories.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A further breakthrough in the transport sector followed in 1903, when the Wright brothers for the first time a powered flight in an airplane made. The flight, in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, lasted only a few seconds but was the beginning of the modern airline industry. Already in 1917 became the first regular passenger service in Florida opened. Underground subway lines were also put into service, first in Boston in 1897 and later, in 1904, the subwayof New York City.

Assembly line in the Ford factories<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Major American cities were given a radically different face with the development of the skyscraper. The first was built in Chicago, in 1883, the same year in New York the Brooklyn Bridge was opened. At the beginning of the 20th century was in New York built the Flatiron Building, the first of what would be a jungle of skyscrapers on Manhattan. ===Gilded Age<span class="mw-editsection" len="366" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The period of economic progress and population growth of the Reconstruction after the civil war and is known as the Gilded Age, a term used by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner was first used in a book published in 1873, denoting the excesses that brought forth the period in the form of expressions of prosperity. The Gilded Agelasted until 1893 when a deep economic depression meant the end of a long period of growth.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Gilded Age was marked by a rapid growth in the number of medium-sized and large corporations and smaller companies such as railway companies, banks and factories as well as a growth in the number of immigrants that the country deserves thanks for having apologised and that this expansion in opposition. Industrial magnates such as John d. Rockefeller, John Pierpont Morgan and Cornelius Vanderbilt amassed huge resources, sometimes through heavy-handed tactics that the League put out while philanthropists Andrew Carnegie and Rockefeller as many public institutes financed. Museums, universities, hospitals, libraries and theatres that still carry their names now are the result. The architecture of this period, which accommodate these public institutes, is characterized by the Beaux-Arts-style of building. The 1893 World's fair in Chicago, the Columbian Exposition, a grand scale event attended by over 25 million people, was a prime example of what brought the Gilded Age .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The industrial production of the United States, for example, from coal and steel, rose above those of the great European powers together. United States Steel was at the beginning of the new century the first company in the world with a turnover of more than one billion dollars. Cities in the northeast such as Pittsburgh, where the steel industry was concentrated, grew quickly in population and prosperity. Oil, which was won in Pennsylvania, won first in importance and made by j. d. Rockefeller, the founder of the Standard Oil Company, the richest man in the world. Companies consolidated in the trusts and monopolies that wealth and power in the hands of a limited number of corporations gave.The fight against these practices would be especially in the period of play after the depression of 1893. ===Political divisions<span class="mw-editsection" len="378" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Boss William Tweed, democratic party boss of New York<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The two major political parties, the Republicans and the Democrats, were divided on the degree of State intervention that was required in the economy. The Democrats, who also agiteerden against the corruption that existed during and just after the Reconstruction in politics, were little to no government intervention for while the Republicans, backed by the developing trade union movement, high rates and intervention in order to protect the American worker stood for and the wages for workers, who were higher than in Europe, for example to maintain. Both parties organized themselves strong and election campaigns were hard fought.For example, In New York City, developed the mighty (Democratic) party bureaucracy, Tammany Hall Boss, under the direction of William Tweed, where corruption was rampant.The memory of the civil war was mainly by Republicans in campaigns pushed forward and the country was divided politically into the Republican North and a democratic majority in the South which the work of the Congress often frustrated due to the proportionate balance between the two blocks.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Economic growth between 1865 and 1893 was not always strong and in 1873, the panic of 1873 broke from a three-year depression that was marked by bankruptcies and strikes.However, it was the panic of 1893 that ended the Gilded Age and progressive era political reform and ushered, mainly represented by the Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the last two decades of the 19th century, the populist movement that mainly in the South and in the agrarian Western States, got a foothold of importance. The populist Party stood, as well as the Democratic presidential candidate in the elections of 1892, Grover Cleveland, a coin based on silver for in order to propel inflation. This would the financial difficulties in which southern and Western farmers found themselves due to economic fluctuations and a large drought on the prairies in the 1880s, be reduced. Republicans, supported by Wall Street, were a gold standard for enforcement. The panic of 1893 brought the discussion again the following year. High unemployment and falling prices of agricultural goods contributed to this major contribution and Cleveland, which had won the elections, was not in a position to do much against this. ===Advance of the trade union movement<span class="mw-editsection" len="386" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The existence for the average worker in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, although often better than in other countries, was not always easy. Monopolies meant little competition in many industries and often worked 10 to 12 hours a day for relatively low wages. For example, only in 1874 was first, in Massachusetts, the State passed a law that child labour somewhat truncated.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The first steps for worker rights were in Philadelphia in 1869 when the Knights of Labor was established. Later the more successful American Federation of Labor founded by Samuel Gompers with the aim to improve working conditions for workers through shorter working weeks and higher wages. The first major strike that was organized, the great railway strike in 1877, led to violent riots in several cities. In 1894 a strike against thePullman Palace Car Company bloody by federal troops knocked down after the strike had paralysed rail traffic in the us.

<p lang="en" len="509" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">More militant trade union movements such as the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) called openly for a class struggle and attempted to unleash a Socialist revolution . ==The progressive era<span class="mw-editsection" len="381" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the economic downturn of the panic of 1893 had come to a halt the United States rebounded quickly. the presidential elections of 1896 went again to a large extent on whether the dollar had to be linked to gold.The Democratic candidate, William Jennings Bryan was supported by the Populists which were merged in the Democratic Party. However, the elections were won by William McKinley, the Republican candidate, who the populous States in the North and East in his camp could support. William McKinley was also a more aggressive foreign policy and protectionist trade policy so as to protect the domestic economy. During McKinleys Presidency was also launched the overseas expansion of the United States. The US were particularly interested in the Western Hemisphere where it already from the assumption of the Monroe doctrine rejected European meddling.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">McKinleys Presidency led the beginning of the progressive era in American politics in. This era was marked by a break with the corruption that after the civil war in American politics was crept. Also were the progressives against verkwanseling of public expenditure. In this period were also adopted a number of amendments to the Constitution that, among other things, women's suffrage and the direct election of Senators settled.Measures were also introduced in a number of States that had to give citizens more influence on the Board such as the right to referendum on the initiative of the citizen could be written out and a procedure that officials from an elected Office with sufficient support can be put.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">During the progressive era were also taken steps that had to protect the common man from exploitation by corporations and the Government. Child labor laws were adopted to further explained, partly imported, the 8-hour working week and introduced compulsory education. ===America is a global power<span class="mw-editsection" len="385" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The trust that the election of McKinley had triggered by many in 1897, the first year of his tenure, for an economic rebound. However, it was in the field of foreign policy that President McKinleys got great significance.One of the areas that McKinleys attention was the Kingdom of Hawaii. In addition to extending the foreign market for American products in the president also saw the potential of the construction of a naval base on the Islands. For his presidency, as a member of Congress, he already pleaded for the annexation of the island group.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1894 made a coup put an end to the Kingdom, aided by American companies that invested in Hawaii. Hawaii became a Republic and in 1898 became the USA and the Hawaiian president Sanford Dole agree on a Convention for the annexation of the archipelago to the United States. On 6 July 1898 took the Congress in Washington D.C. the annexation resolution and on 30 april 1900, Hawaii a territory of the us. ===Spanish-American War<span class="mw-editsection" len="381" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Wreck of the u.s.s. Maine in Havana HarborIn the midst of the Theodore Roosevelt Rough Riders on top of San Juan Hill in Cuba, 1898<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the Western Hemisphere, America's backyard, Cuba as well as Puerto Rico was still ruled as a colony by Spain though Spanish control of Cuba becoming weaker became owing to frequent rebellions against the colonial administration in the years 1880 and 1890. Reports of Spanish atrocities in Cuba were widely published in the United States what did times public opinion vehemently against Spain. The Democrats in Congress began openly calling for war against the European colonial power and the press, particularly sensational reporting in newspapers provided by media mogul William Randolph Hearst were published, there eagerly jumps in.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">President McKinley and elements in Congress sought to oppose this emotional call for war and initially opted for a diplomatic solution which, however, rejected by Spain of the.Beginning 1898 was a Navy ship, the u.s.s. Maine sent to the port of Havana . The McKinleys was intended to give a sign that the Spain friendly ties not be broken despite the incendiary American press releases that had appeared there about what had happened with the Cuban rebels. In addition it was sending the warship also a measure to protect American interests in Cuba. Despite Spanish concern about the presence of the ship in a Cuban port announced it was beforehand that they wanted to put anything in the way the Americans<sup class="noprint nopopups" len="309" style="line-height:1;">[source?]. On the night of 15 to 16 February 1898, three weeks after her arrival, the Maine suddenly exploded and sank quickly. Lost 260<sup class="noprint nopopups" len="309" style="line-height:1;">[source? ] crew members life. The captain, Charles Sigbec, and some officers survived the blast which took place at 12 pm. The cause of the disaster was never clear, though there were suspicions that a mine detonates a ammunition storage in the ship had brought. Spain offered to<sup class="noprint nopopups" len="309" style="line-height:1;">[citation needed ] to help investigate the case to be able to demonstrate that they had been involved there at all. However, the call for war was now so loud that McKinley also can no longer oppose and the US Congress voted for war with Spain. For the war in Congress still adopted theCounter Amendment, a stipulation established that forbade American annexation of Cuba, this declaring that the war was conducted for humanitarian reasons. A well-known slogan that was heard a lot during the war was the cry "Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain!".

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Although the war began he extended to Cuba soon to other Spanish possessions. American troops attacked Cuba inside and also the Philippines were battle scene. The u.s. Army was ill-prepared for war but there was enough enthusiasm among the population. One of the most famous militia units that fought in the war was led by Lieutenant Colonel and later Colonel Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt, who first as Minister of State for the Navy in a volunteer army, served McKinleys Government drummed on that partly consisted of personal friends and cowboys. This regiment, formally the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment gained fame under the name Rough Riders after several successful battles near Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill in Cuba.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the Philippines, the Americans initially supported by Emilio Aguinaldo's Liberation Movement who fought against the Spanish rulers for quite some time. However, at the end of the war, the Islands were annexed by the United States until a war broke out between American troops and Filipino guerrillas who demanded more autonomy or even independence. From 1902 was the American control over the archipelago was insured and the Philippines from 1946 independence promised.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Although Spain a European colonial power, showed the country was no match for the American show of force and after just 113 days war was signed the Treaty of Paris with Spain in addition to Cuba and the Philippines also Guam Puerto Rico and gave up. Guam and Puerto Rico, as well as the Philippines, were annexed by the United States, although McKinley initially only a naval base in the Asian archipelago wanted found. Against the Counter Amendment was contrary to the Platt Amendment assumed that imposed restrictions to Cuban independence. So it could not enter into alliances with third-party country and reserved the right to intervene to the US military on the island if u.s. interests were at stake. The Americans also obtained the use of a naval base on Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The war situation in which the United States had obtained several overseas territories did in America itself and led to the creation of the American anti-imperialist League (American anti-imperialist League) where Mark Twain and Andrew Carnegie among others Member of were. They considered having overseas possessions contrary to the American ideals of freedom and democracy. ===Beginning of imperialism<span class="mw-editsection" len="382" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Spanish-American war of 1898 have been short and might have expired without much bloodshed, the political impact was enormous. Before this war, there was the belief among Americans that their country doesn't apply with foreign countries had to interfere. The Spanish-American war, however, put the us on the road of imperialism. Since the civil war was the US economy has grown tremendously and the view that the US itself but gradually won worn had to field as a superpower. Soldiers as Alfred t. Mahan argued that the US had to have a strong naval force with an infrastructure of bases around the world. The ever growing population was also cited by propagandists of an imperialist US to be more active with foreign matters. ===Further territorial expansion overseas<span class="mw-editsection" len="392" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The annexation of Hawaii and the belongings that the United States had acquired after the Spanish-American war were not the only instances of territorial expansion though they were the most important at the end of the 19th century. Much earlier, shortly after the civil war, the United States for the first time extended beyond the limits of what today is called the Lower 48 States . In 1867 negotiated Secretary of State (Foreign Minister) William Seward that served under Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, successful on the purchase of Alaska. This huge Arctic, more than 1.6 million km<sup len="1" style="line-height:1;">2  in size and Russian property, initially for "only" $ 7.2 million was bought by the us, a purchase that was characterized by some as absurd there was seen the potential of Alaska as nil. One did it off as Seward's Folly or Seward's Icebox and initially developed the new territory itself but difficult. Only after some gold fevers, including Klondike, the population of the area grew in spurts to later dropped. It would take until 1959 before Alaska was included in the Union as a State.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Under the Guano Islands Act were various small Islands claimed by the United States, some of which are still American property. The law, adopted by the Congress in 1856, made it possible for American citizens to ongeclaimde Islands, where guano can be won, to take possession. Dozens of islets claimed under this law were some nowadays the United States minor outlying islands are members. Below include Jarvis, Howland Island, Baker Island, Johnston Atoll and Palmyra Atoll. Also Navassa Island in the Caribbean Sea is American possession although this island is also claimed by Haiti .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Samoa was in the 19th century by among other things the u.s., Germany and Great Britain colonized. After various mutual conflicts became at the Treaty of Berlin in 1899 a part of the Group of islands off the Americans assigned and on 7 June 1900 did these islands officially under sovereignty of the us under the name American Samoa. The inhabitants of this area, it having acquired American citizenship, are preferred, despite the fact that the other islands have now obtained the independence, in order to continue to maintain the status quo.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Finally, In 1917, on the eve of the American participation in the first world war, bought the Danish West Indies from DenmarkVS. The Islands, St. Croix, St. John and St. Thomas, as well as some smaller islands, were purchased for $ 25 million because the United States feared that Germany would obtain control of the Danish colony if this would invade Denmark. After several months of negotiations, the Treaty by referendum in 1916, was to purchase adopted by a large majority by the Islanders and on 31 March 1917 came the archipelago under the name u.s. Virgin Islands under American sovereignty to stand. ===Reelection and assassination attempt<span class="mw-editsection" len="385" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === President William McKinley<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The successful war with Spain and the resurgent economy made by the presidential election of 1900, where McKinley is eligible for re-election suggested, almost a done deal. On the Democratic side was William Jennings Bryan again that the war against McKinley had supported Bryan took up and although and even offered to voluntarily to serve in the armed forces he was against the annexation of the Philippines. Also put Bryan himself in for his old hobby, one on silver-based currency. Finally won McKinley, with Theodore Roosevelt as his running mate, with ease the elections.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A few months after his second inauguration in Washington the president visited the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo, New York where he on september 6, 1901 by the anarchist Leon Czolgosz was shot in the abdomen. Doctors performed an operation to remove the bullet on a badly injured president, something that with the medical knowledge of that period much risk entailed. At first it seemed to pick up slowly but about a week after McKinley the assassination attempt worsened his situation again at a rapid pace and eight days after the attack, on 14 september, McKinley succumbed to the effects of gangrene had spread around his wounds. Roosevelt became president while Czolgosz later was convicted of the assassination of McKinley and was executed. McKinley was the third president who was brought to life by an assassination attempt. Next to Abraham Lincoln was also James Garfield in 1881 remained that this fate not saved. ==Theodore Roosevelt<span class="mw-editsection" len="374" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the death of president McKinley was Theodore Roosevelt sworn in as the 26th president of the United States. With its 42 years was Teddy Roosevelt, as he was, the youngest president in the history of the country.Roosevelt had name and fame as a war hero-he led the Rough Riders during the war with Spain in 1898 and his image as a young and energetic westerner made him one of the most popular and most important the US Presidents who were rich.

Theodore "Teddy"Roosevelt<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Born in New York City in 1858, Roosevelt was a versatile man with great interest in the natural world, science and history and politics. Roosevelt was also a gifted writer and his book on the Navy during the war of 1812 is still considered one of the most important works in its genre.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Roosevelt's time as Governor of the State of New York was marked by his fight against corruption in politics, something also during his presidency was an important point of his policy.The total of his domestic policy, a continuation of a progressive policy and known under the name Square Deal was partly marked by the restructuring of the position of the Government in the economy. The president fought against trusts and monopolies, companies that had too large a market share or unfair competition performed. In total, under his leadership, 44 lawsuits filed against larger corporations, something gave him the nickname Trust-buster . The Republican president put this the process that's already in 1890 was launched after the adoption by Congress in Washington of the Sherman anti-trust Act that the formation of trusts and monopolies had to go against. Roosevelt's immediate successor, president Taft, performed even more than 70 lawsuits against trusts. The most famous antitrust case was brought against the Standard Oil Company, the parent company of Exxon, Chevron and Mobil, that in 1911 was forced to split into dozens of smaller companies.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The railways were regulated under Roosevelt and stricter regulations for the food industry, with varied success. During his second term was also created a new cabinet post, that of the Department of trade (Department of Commerce). ===Nature protection under Roosevelt<span class="mw-editsection" len="389" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Roosevelt, here together withJohn Muir in Yosemite National Park<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Theodore Roosevelt brought his love of nature with him to the White House. Under his reign were more than 1 million km<sup len="1" style="line-height:1;">2  land reserved for the preservation of natural beauty and unique ecosystems as well as archeologically important areas. The system of national parks in the US was greatly expanded, not only with national parks but also with national forests, monuments and protected areas for a variety of bird and animal species.

<p lang="en" len="550" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The current Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota, where Teddy a lot of time spent, was named after him as a tribute to his nature conservation policy. ===Foreign policy<span class="mw-editsection" len="374" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The foreign policy of the United States under Roosevelt was more assertive than never before. According to the president was to the civilized world to "uncivilized" societies forward.He used the military in the newly acquired overseas territories to combat yellow fever, for example, and to improve the general public health. Also the infrastructure was greatly improved while in the Philippines thousands of teachers from the USA were used to set up the education system.

<p lang="en" len="197" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Navy was greatly expanded, Roosevelt had always been understood the importance of the naval forces, and in 1907 it was sent on a world tour to show us power to the world. ====Interventionism<span class="mw-editsection" len="372" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Latin America the US demanded the right of intervention on the political stability in these countries as an issue or if American interests were in danger. The US intervened several times in Central America and the Caribbean as a result of these Roosevelt Corrolary, an addition to the Monroe doctrine, which Roosevelt had proclaimed.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The action which is by far the most far-reaching consequences had was the US intervention in Panama, a province of Colombia. America had great interest in the construction of a canal through the isthmus of Panama to the distance across sea between the East and west coasts of the us, to reduce delays. In 1902, negotiations were conducted between Washington and the Government of Colombia on the takeover by the Americans of the project that was until then in the hands of France. After a treaty was signed that the ratification of the Colombian Senate faltered 10 million more wanted to get for the rights to the channel to than was agreed.Roosevelt finally decided, the Colombian seem tired of the Treaty, in order to support Panama in its struggle for independence. After a short revolution in Panama was proclaimed the Republic of Panama in 1903 and was shortly afterwards signed a treaty with the Government of the newly independent country to build and operate the channel. In 1914, the construction of the Panama Canal completed and until 1999 the United States exercise control over the Panama Canal zone the territorial.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the first decades of the 20th century the US would still intervene several times in Central American countries. Troops were sent to protect American interests during frequent political instability in Honduras and Panama, for example, Nicaragua. Both were on the island of Hispaniola Haiti (1915-1934) and the Dominican Republic (1916-1924) temporarily occupied by American troops. The occupation of Haiti was partially taken to prevent German control of the country on the eve of the first world war there Germany controlled a large part of the economy and the political instability also propagated in the French-speaking part of the country.Nicaragua was also occupied for several years after the intervention of 1912 in that country.

<p lang="en" len="542" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On the down side, the president who had ever said: Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far (speak gently and bring a big stick with you and you come to an end), also became the only sitting president of the United States, who won a Nobel Peace Prize for his mediation in the Russo-Japanese war of 1905. ===Taft and the Republican split<span class="mw-editsection" len="390" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The always energetic Roosevelt giving a speech to his followers<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Although the popularity of Theodore Roosevelt was at its height when the presidential election of 1908 neared, he also had won a great victory in 1904, he refused the tradition that George Washington had created in order not to serve more than two terms, to break. His Secretary of war, William Howard Taft was, with little enthusiasm by Taft Roosevelts successor, declared itself as a candidate for the Republicans. Taft took it up against the Democrat, William Jennings Bryan, for the third time and won pretty much ease. Tafts style of governing, whose power was at the heart of and reluctantly came to sit in the presidential saddle, however, was radically different from that of Roosevelt and he never had a firm grasp on the elements in the Republican party who disagreed with his policies. In the field of both the protectionist trade tariffs as that of antitrust law often came into conflict with the progressive Taft wing of his party that found that he tended too much to the conservative wing. Senator Robert La Follette of Wisconsin created the National Progressive Republican League with the aim of Taft to expel from the political scene.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After four year reign had Taft both the Democrats as much of his own Republican party against itself in the armor are also broke and in 1911 Roosevelt hunted with protégé by himself as candidate for the Presidency on eject. During the nomineringsconventie of the Republicans in 1912 was the long time uncertain whether Taft would know most delegates to win for itself but for Roosevelt after two weeks it was clear that Taft would draw the longest straw. The former president broke with his party and founded his ownProgressive Party on. this party got the common name Bull Moose Party after Roosevelt had declared as fit as a Moose (English: moose) to be.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Roosevelt succeeded during the elections not to take the victory but he took as many votes away from the Republicans that Taft had to handle a loss. The final victory went to the candidate for the Democratic Party, thatWoodrow Wilson, though he garnered fewer votes than his two competitors added together, easily earned the victory in the electoral college. As a result of this split in the Republican Party would the latter an ever more conservative course in the decades that followed. Taft left the White House Meanwhile relieved and later became the only president who would serve as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. ==Presidency of Woodrow Wilson<span class="mw-editsection" len="389" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After Wilson's inauguration as the 27th president of the United States followed a number of far-reaching domestic economic measures. The Underwood Tariff of 1913 reduced the protectionist trade tariffs on many goods such as cotton, foodstuffs, iron and steel. Were further passed laws protect workers had to even better and were the first steps taken on social security for employees who were unable to work. An economic downturn which began around 1913-1914 had adverse effects on international trade and reduced the impact of the Underwood Tariff on trade.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1913, the Federal Reserve Act passed that the system of the American central banks created. This was for the first time in the history of the US Government directly regulated and the national currency was the issuance of coins and banknotes not more in private hands. There were a total of 12 central banks established jointly under the control of the Federal Reserve Board to. ===Mexican interventions<span class="mw-editsection" len="379" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the Mexican Government was thrown down in 1913 by Victoriano Huerta followed a period of revolutions in Mexico that undermined the relations with the us. Wilson got air In 1914 a German weapon supply to the Government of the dictator who was imported through the port of Veracruz . The Navy got orders to Veracruz and on april 21, 1914, the city first bombed before American troops ashore to occupy them. There were sporadic fighting reported but was quiet again on 24 april in Veracruz. American troops pulled themselves 7 months later.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1916 Mexico again within US units fell, this time as a retaliation against the attack that revolutionaries under Pancho Villa on the city of Columbus, New Mexico had committed. In January and March 1916 the city and killed men Villas fell dozens of people and looted the village. This sent president Wilson general John j. Pershing and 10,000 troops to Mexican territory to capture Villa. Disagreements with the Mexican Government about the u.s. operations within the limits of Mexico complicated the Mission of Pershing, who later complained that Washington had imposed too many restrictions on him. The main purpose was to count, to Villa not met but more difficult to effectively were the Villas paramilitaries operate in the border area. ===The United States in the first world war<span class="mw-editsection" len="401" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === President Wilson speaks the Congress in Washington where he announced that the United States have broken diplomatic relations with Germany<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Although the United States in the decades just before the outbreak of the war in Europe in 1914 came to play an increasingly important role in the world was the mood in the country one of isolationism. Immediately after the outbreak of fighting in Europe declared us is strictly neutral. The sympathy of most Americans lag when France and Great Britain but there was also a significant segment of the population that wished to remain neutral or even pleaded for the central powers . Many Americans of German descent were openly pro-German.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The tide began to turn slowly in response to two incidents. Firstly, there was the German submarine warfare in the waters around Britain. Germany carried out attacks on not only British and French ships but also on ships of neutral powers. On 7 May 1915, the passenger ship the Lusitania sunk by German submarines including 128 Americans among the victims as a result. Furthermore, later known as the Zimmermann telegram during intercepted in which the Mexican Government formally support Germany offer us the war if Mexico would declare themselves against Germany if America would times. Mexico was among other things by the Germans promised that the area that the United States in the Mexican-American war had obtained weather might recover.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">During all this, there were presidential electionsagain in 1916. Wilson and the Democrats campaign carried out on the theme that they had kept the US neutral and promised to keep the peace. The Republicans nominated Charles Evans Hughes who both progressive as conservative voters pulled. However, Wilson eventually won, partly helped by a victory in California where Hughes defeated Wilson with less than 2000 votes.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the course of 1916 Wilson began itself as international peacemaker and he tried to mediate between the Central and the allied powers. It was around this time that Wilson also the idea put forward for the League of Nations . Meanwhile, Germany feared that the us at the time of the war on the Allied side in due course would be involved and it announced in January 1917 to resume, something that the total submarine warfare since the incident with the Lusitania was somewhat curtailed. Germany hoped the victory before the American war machine could come on stream. The u.s. broke off relations with Germany but this explained the not yet immediately the war.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">But after the incident with the Zimmermann telegram during the US could no longer was neutral. On 2 april 1917, declared war on Germany, Wilson said, to the democracy and the rights of the smaller countries.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The American population was also after the Declaration of war not United. Americans of German descent, Socialists and pacifists opposed to Wilson, but in general the majority supported the war. The transformation of the peacetime economy to an economy of a country at war was swift and total. The fresh American troops based in 1918 in the fighting in Europe started to take part were crucial. The other allied armies were the war come to an impasse and the battles were tired. But with American goods and troops were the German offensives stopped and booked the allies gain in ground in the trench warfare that raged on the Western front.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Wilson suggested in 1918 his famous fourteen points, a recipe for peace which included the Division of the Austria-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire meant. To be able to live with Germany In October 1918 stated Wilsons negotiations which were peace proposal and on november 11, 1918 Armistice ended on a.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Wilsons status as peacemaker and the moral defender of the ideals of democracy and the crucial role of the u.s. troops on the battlefields of Europe brought the power of the United States in the world to new heights.However, at the end of the war, the Americans themselves are soon back in their own isolationism.