Motown

Motown is the name of an American record label, which was founded in 1959 by Berry Gordy Jr. in Detroit. The name is a contraction of "Motor City", the nickname for Detroit, and the word "town". [1]

Especially in the 1960s and 1970s Motown was more than a label. The music there was produced by Gordy, tagged as "The sound of young America", formed the initial basis for the breakthrough of African American popular music to a white audience. The music has a characteristic sound, because a fixed group of composers and producers for the design made recordings and for virtually all the same house band The Funk Brothers was used, with background vocals by The Andantes and their male counterparts The Originals.

Motown brought many big stars on, from whom Diana Ross (& The Supremes), Michael Jackson ( The Jackson 5&), Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, Smokey Robinson (& The Miracles), The Four Tops, The Temptations, Martha and The Vandellas and Lionel Richie the largest known, even in Europe. Also Gladys Knight & the Pips, Edwin Starr and The Isley Brothers, which is also on other labels have been successful, profited in their Motownperiode of the possibilities offered by this label offered in the field of song writing, record production and promotion. There were also artists who did the disappointed back Motown, including Mary Wells, Kim Westonand Brenda Holloway, but their further careers were less successful than when they were under contract to Motown.

Motown began as a family business, but was sold to MCA Recordsin 1988, after which it again several times by owner switched. Today Motown Motown part of The Island Def Jam Music Group, which in turn is part of the Universal Music Group.

Dutch artists whose Motown single plates in the US has released were The Honest One and The Cats. Since 2009 is the Dutchman Waylon by Universal Motown placed with the part.



Content
[hide] *1 History  ==History[ Edit] == ===The early years (1959-1963)[ Edit] === The start of Motown during the creation of the Tamla record label started by Berry Gordy. Gordy tried, after jobs as a prize fighter and lopendebandwerker in the automotive industry, as a songwriter and producer a life for themselves. He beat an offer of two of his sisters off to participate in a joint undertaking, especially since he wanted to be your own boss. [2]  after a few successes as songwriter (among other Reet Petite by Jackie Wilson) for The Miracles he produced their first number Got a Job. The song was a modest success, but when Gordy discovered that he made only $ 3.19 to royalties, he decided to set up a custom label. With a loan of $ 800 from the family Fund he started on January 12, 1959 the Tamla label. The name was derived from Debby Reynolds ' Tammy's in Love song from the movie Tammy and the Bachelor. At first the name "Tammy Gordy Records wanted to" use, but when he found out that there is already a "Tammie Records" existed, he chose Tamla.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Posner_1-1" len="165" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Davis_3-0" len="164" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[3]
 * 1.1 the early years (1959-1963)
 * 1.2 The flowering period (1964-1971)
 * 1.3 to California (1971-1988)
 * 1.4 no longer self-employed (1989-present)
 * 2 Motown sound
 * 2.1 Background and method
 * 2.2 Artists
 * 3 Record label (s)<sup style="line-height:1;">[7]
 * 3.1 Hoofdlabels
 * 3.2 Secondary r & b labels
 * 3.3 Other genrelabels
 * 3.3.1 Country
 * 3.3.2 Hip hop/rap
 * 3.3.3 Jazz
 * 3.3.4 Rock
 * 3.3.5 Other
 * 3.4 independent labels distributed by Motown
 * 3.5 British (pre-Tamla-Motown-) labels
 * 3.6 various labels that with Motown
 * 4 References
 * 5 external links

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In september 1959, Gordy Motown-label Motown is a contraction of "Motor City", the nickname for Detroit, and the word "town".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Posner_1-2" len="165" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  Bad Girl of The matadors, who at the instigation of Gordy The Miraclesin their name, was the first single released under this label. The first real hits of Motown were Money (that's What I Want) by Barrett Strong and Shop Around by The Miracles.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Also in 1959, Gordy moved to 2648 West Grand Boulevard. This House (see accompanying photo) was not only the home of the family Gordy, but its photo studio and the garage were converted into recording studio and housing of Motown. Gordy Hitsville USA House and baptized there also brought the slogan to those he would take for many years: "The sound of young America".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Posner_1-3" len="165" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Motown began to grow In the new housing. Among the first songs were released, were Shop Around by The Miracles, My guy Mary Wells 's and Do You Love Me by The Contours. The first plates were also released by artists such as The Supremesand Stevie Wonder, which for the time being, however, were less successful. ===The flowering period (1964-1971)<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">That last changed rapidly when The Supremes were under guard of the production team Holland-Dozier-Holland (H-D-H), consisting of the brothers Brian and Eddie Holland and Lamont Dozier. They were the ones who in the years from 1964 formed the Motown sound like no other. It was the established names that for the successes made and that in the mid-sixties also remained faithful to Motown. The topzangeressen Mary Wells,Kim Weston and Brenda Holloway left with arguing, but on the other hand, were new discoveries as Stevie Wonder<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[4]  and Tammi Terrell, who was a successful singing partner Marvin Gaye 's. At the end of the sixties Motown did also a gold grabbed by the launch of the Jackson 5.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Where Did Our Love Go was the first number-one hit for The Supremes and it turned out to be the first of a series of five consecutive us number 1-markings. Other artists in the following years the American top of the single sales, but The Supremes were by far the most successful, as evidenced by the following State: <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berry Gordy remained the driving force behind the success of Motown and was also recognized as such. In 1965 he received the "Small Businessman of the Year Award" by the Mayor of Detroit: Motown had the turnover grow by $ 4.5 million in 1963 through $ 10 million in 1964 to $ 15 million in 1965.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Posner_1-4" len="165" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  Behind the above mentioned artists were the powerful songwriter/producer-combinations that provided a continuous stream of new material. The compositions of Holland-Dozier-Holland and Smokey Robinson led to big hits, but also Harvey Fuqua, Johnny Bristol, William "Mickey" Stevenson, William Weatherspoon and later Norman Whitfieldand Ashford & Simpson provided important contributions to the success.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Almost all the shots were based on instrumental master tapes, for which Gordy the best jazz musicians of Detroit had recruited. This group of session musicians The Funk Brothers, who are called, played the numbers.The vocal share was only later sung by the stars as The Supremes, The Four Tops, Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder and others. As background vocals were three singers, The Andantes and The Spinners and their male counterparts a little later The Originals. This was done anonymously. None of these groups was mentioned in the credits, but they are on numerous Motown recordings to hear. Through this unity of performers was born the typical Motown sound. The Funk Brothers was to monitor strictly prohibited to act independently or to work for other producers. They did, however, so Gordy them left shadows by private detectives.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1967, the building on West Grand Boulevard too small and moved its headquarters to the Donovan Motown building in downtown Detroit. This move marked the end for some of the original Motown, witness for example the pronunciation of The Temptations-singer Paul Williams: "Hitsville ended at the end of the sixties".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Posner_1-5" len="165" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The fact is that despite the successes, not everything went smoothly. The reason why singers like Mary Wells, Brenda Holloway and Kim Weston left, was arguing about contracts and royalties. All three successfully sued Motown did. Also leading producers and songwriters went away. William "Mickey" Stevenson, who was married to Kim Weston, left along with her in 1967. The trio Holland-Dozier-Holland was dissatisfied with royalties and about the lack of artistic freedom in Motown. They turned their backs on the label early 1968, William Weatherspoon names songwriter and started their own labels, Invictus and Hot Wax. They continued until 1977 embroiled in lawsuits against Motown over royalties.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">By the loss of this important Motown hitmakers had trouble getting suitable song material for the artists to find. Was partly so provide by the arrival of the duo Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson and by the formation of composers teams like The Clan and The Corporation. Also it did not go well with all the artists. There were internal disputes within The Temptations, which among other things led to the departure of lead singer David Ruffin. Marvin Gaye also made a difficult period after the death of his duo partner Tammi Terrell, who at the age of twenty-four succumbed to a brain tumor. Years later, Gaye known that Terrell when recording her latest album with Gaye was so sick that Valerie Simpson accounted for part of the recordings.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Posner_1-6" len="165" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  Simpson himself has spoken strongly against this otherwise.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The most important was the break-up of The Supremes. Florence Ballard In 1967 was replaced by Cindy birdsong and Gordy changed the name Diana Ross and the Supremes. It was a first step towards a further solo career for Diana Ross, who really took shape when she left The Supremes in 1970. To the recordings of Diana Ross and the Supremes were often already no other Supremes come more to pass. They were then replaced by The Andantes, who also regularly took the place of The Vandellas and the Marvelettes-around Martha Reeves last album around Wanda Young for their account names. The attention of Gordy for Diana Ross, who was his mistress for years and whose eldest daughter turned out to be the father, he later led to friction at regular times already with other Motown artists, who felt disadvantaged. Especially the strife left Mary Wells and Brenda Holloway, but Gladys Knight in her autobiography been this sharp.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [5]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Especially in the heyday of Motown and Gordy were repeatedly publicly suspected contacts with organized crime, but it was never proven that business could legally unacceptable.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Posner_1-7" len="165" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  Gordy later said that although he was innocent, "it really was no fun to be on the mat by the FBI called".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gordy_2-1" len="164" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Around 1970 seemed to understand the spirit of the times in the Motown songs to allow political topics, which until then had been taboo. Thus, War and Stop The War Now by Edwin Starr and the little successful I Should Be Proud of Martha Reeves and The Vandellas and the Viet Nam war as topic comes in Ball Of Confusion (that's What The World Is Now) by The Temptations have raised the racial segregation . Both Smokey Robinson as Marvin Gaye recorded the song Abraham, Martin & John on. the latter showed his social commitment also with the groundbreaking album What's Going On, that only was released after Berry Gordy had long tried to stop it. This is also the only album on which the contributions of The Funk Brothers, Motown music, which may be essential for almost all are listed in the credits. ===To California (1971-1988)<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1971 shifted his activities from Berry Gordy smoking abruptly Detroit to Los Angeles. For many meant that a change, for some, such as The Funk Brothers, even the end of their relationship with Motown.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Shadow_6-0" len="165" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [6]  There continued to be activities (and relatives of Gordy) behind in Detroit, but the focus was still in California.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The move gave Gordy the ability to add a new branch to Motown: film. Its first production was Lady Sings the Blues, a film adaptation of the biography of Billie Holiday with Diana Ross in the lead role. The film was a success and earned an Oscar nomination on Ross. other films followed, but were less successful. So was the musical film The Wiz (1978), which, alongside Richard Pryor the Motown star Diana Ross and Michael Jackson accounted for the leading roles, both artistically and commercially a flop.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On the musical front, there were fewer successes, because the stars from the 1960s sold fewer plates, as well as some important artists left the Motown label: Marvin Gaye, Diana Ross, Michael Jackson and Stevie Wonder. The latter came back in 1973 after two years and closed a new contract, in which he himself a much larger artistic freedom within Motown managed to contract terms and no longer depended on the record bosses. In the 1970s he knew big successes and won three times a Grammy Award for the best album of the year.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition to the goers there were also newcomers who managed to bring back successes: the Motown Commodoresfrontman Lionel Richie also solo, which was very successful, Rick James, Teena Marie andDeBarge.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In May 1983 Motown's Gordy decided the rural distribution in the hands of MCA, rather than continuing with 15 or 20 smaller companies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gordy_2-2" len="164" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]  By this deal went both companies work more closely. Yet business remained difficult go for Motown, that had trouble to suit new trends such as supporting the music sales by video clips. Forced sales seemed a real option and MCA was a serious candidate. It came to actual negotiations and at the end of 1986 seemed a line not far away. An important factor was Stevie Wonder, Motown was included in his contract not because that was allowed to be sold without his permission. Gordy knew Wonder about to pull into the sea, however, deal with MCA, but just before the deadline of 31 december 1986 (because of a tax advantage to be gained) he canceled the deal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gordy_2-3" len="164" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">It turned out to be only a stay of execution. In the years that followed I managed not to Motown to continue independently in a responsible manner. New negotiations with MCA followed, including the financial investment group Boston Ventures played an important role. On 29 June 1988, Berry Gordy, a press release from that began as follows: "After two years to have thought deeply about, having studied it thoroughly, researched and researched, and consulted with various potential buyers after, I decided to sell Motown Records to MCA, Inc."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gordy_2-4" len="164" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]  This came to an end the independence of Motown. Gordy received 61 million dollars for the company he had started with $ 800. ===No longer self-employed (1989-present)<span class="mw-editsection" len="347" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">MCA named Jafar Busby as Director of Motown, someone with more marketing than management experience.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Posner_1-8" len="165" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  Despite the return of continued successes from Diana Ross . Busby came into conflict with MCA and signed a distribution deal with the Dutch company PolyGram. After further conflicts Boston Ventures sold Motown in 1993 at Polydor.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Posner_1-9" len="165" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  still remained from The successes, even after Busby was replaced by the 34-year-old Andre Harrell.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">When Motown was in June 1998, forty years, that was celebrated with a gala in which almost every major Motown stars were missing. Six months later, Polygram was bought by Seagram, which merged all the music divisions and with the Universal Music Group formed the largest record company in the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Posner_1-10" len="165" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Despite the limited success remained the name Motown, and in 2005 became Motown accommodated in Universal Motown Records under the direction of Sylvia Rhone. Motown came in 2009 In Netherlands in the publicity when it signed the first Dutch artist Waylon ever. In the summer of 2011, the original Motown-brand further revived and was housed under what is now The Island Def Jam Music Group called Motown. ==Motown sound<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Background and method<span class="mw-editsection" len="337" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="325" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In developing the Motown sound had Berry Gordy has always envisioned that he had to make music that originated on a basis that was still based on the roots of the black blues musicians, but that had to be adjusted so that it was acceptable for the (much larger) market of mainstream pop music lovers.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The sound of Motown sounds therefore also gepolijster than that of other soullabels in the sixties, such as the Staxlabel. Yet it was Gordy that the final result was a reflection of the background where the Motown staff came from. Itself he summarized it ever together in six words: "rats, roaches, struggle, talent, guts and love" ("rats, roaches, struggle, talent, courage and love").<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Davis_3-1" len="164" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [3]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition to that background was also the method an important reason of the consistent Motown sound. It was a record company that as a factory was run, something that Gordy had about its work in that sector.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gordy_2-5" len="164" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2] worked with Motown composers and lyricists in changing teams together and the results were distributed to the artists that best suits a particular number seemed to fit. Songs were also recorded by different artists often.So was I Heard It Through the Grapevine a hit for Marvin Gaye as well as Gladys Knight & the Pips, but was it also by Bobby Taylor and the Vancouvers, Martha and The Vandellas, The Temptations and The Undisputed Truth on the plate.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Further were beside the artists, whose name also was hanged, a number the competing band members is extremely important. They formed the band The Funk Brothers, who in varying composition contributed to virtually all Motown recordings. According to the band members played in their own words on more no. 1 hits than The Beach Boys, The Rolling Stones, Elvis and The Beatles combined.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Shadow_6-1" len="165" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [6]  Also the backing vocals was taken care of by the same groups: The Andantes (women) and The Originals (men).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The factory-made character was also reflected in the process which is the singles were created. All recorded tracks were judged by the quality Department, originally was formed under the direction of Billie Jean Brown.Those numbers were passed the first key, then presented in a Friday morning meeting in which was jointly decided by producers which songs were actually released. According to Gordy in those meetings there were three hard rules:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gordy_2-6" len="164" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[2]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In his pursuit of perfection went Gordy even so far that he at one point spread a memo with the command that "all artists only have at least Top ten material release", with the supplement "for The Supremes yet..., we bring theirs alone still number 1 records".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gordy_2-7" len="164" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2] ===Artists<span class="mw-editsection" len="322" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="61" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The most famous artists who have recorded for Motown are: ==Record label (s)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[7]  <span class="mw-editsection" len="330" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Hoofdlabels<span class="mw-editsection" len="325" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Secondary r & b labels<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Other genrelabels<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ====Country<span class="mw-editsection" len="321" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p lang="en" len="90" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Mel-o-dy and Hitsville-catalogs are now managed by Universal Music Group Nashville. ====Hip hop/rap<span class="mw-editsection" len="325" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== ====Jazz<span class="mw-editsection" len="318" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== ====Rock<span class="mw-editsection" len="318" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== ====Other<span class="mw-editsection" len="320" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== ===Independent labels distributed by Motown<span class="mw-editsection" len="371" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===British (pre-Tamla-Motown-) labels<span class="mw-editsection" len="345" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Various labels that with Motown<span class="mw-editsection" len="357" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===
 * 1) No producer may vote on its own plate
 * 2) Berry Gordy only has right of veto
 * 3) Everyone who comes there is no longer 5 minutes late in
 * Motown Records: established 1960, Motown was and remains the main label for mainstream r & b-/soul-muziek (and, now also hip hop music). The label's numbering system was combined with those of Tamla in 1982 and Gordy, and the label (and the company) is bought up by MCA in 1988. Important Motownartiesten include Mary Wells, The Supremes, Four Tops, The Jackson 5, Boyz II Men, Erykah BaduandCommodores . Motown Records ' most famous slogan is: "The Sound of Young America."
 * Tamla Records: established in 1959 is Tamla a primary label for mainstream r & b-/soul-muziek. Tamla is actually the original company tag: Gordy founded Tamla Records on Motown Record Corporation, several months before he began. The label's numbering system was combined with those of Motown and Gordy in 1982, and the label merged with Motown in 1988. Important Tamla artists include Smokey Robinson & the Miracles, Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, and The Marvelettes. Tamla Records slogan is: "The Sound that Makes the World Go ' Round."
 * Gordy Records: established in 1962 is also a primary subsidiary for mainstream r & b Gordy-/soul-muziek. Originally known as Miracle Records (slogan: "If it's a Hit, it's a Miracle"), the name changed in 1962 to avoid confusion with The Group The Miracles. The label's numbering system was combined with those of in Motown and Tamla in 1982 and in 1988 the label merged with Motown. Important Gordy artists include The Temptations, Martha and the Vandellas, The Contours, Edwin Starr, Rick James, The Mary Jane Girls, Teena Marie and DeBarge. Gordy Records slogan: "it's what's in the Grooves that Counts"
 * Tamla-Motown Records: Motowns British label, established in March 1965.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [8]  Tamla-Motown is distributed by EMI and used releases the American Motownlabels, but uses its own number system. In some cases, Tamla-Motown singles and albums of Motownartiesten not be released in the US (for example, the single "I Second That Emotion" in the version of Diana Ross & the Supremes with The Temptations). Also be albums released under a different title (for example, sometimes the Supremes album "A bit of Liverpool" in the United Kingdom was called "The Supremes: With Love, From Us To You" .<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Davis_3-2" len="164" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[3]
 * Check-Mate Records: exists only briefly (1961 – 1962) and is an r & b-/soul-label, purchased from Chess Records. Main artists were David Ruffin and The Del-Phis (later Martha and the Vandellas).
 * Miracle Records: exists only briefly (1961). It is an r & b-/soul-label that existed for less than one year and was the advertising slogan "If it's a hit, it's a Miracle." Terminated and reorganized as Gordy Records in 1962. It included early songs by Jimmy Ruffin and The Temptations).
 * MoWest Records: MoWest is short-lived (1971–1973) an r & b-/soul-label for artists on the west coast of the us. Closed when the Head Office of Motown moved to Los Angeles. Important artists were G.C. Cameron, The Sisters Love, Syreeta Wright, The Four Seasons, Commodores (their first two singles in 1972 and 1973) and Los Angeles DJ Tom Clay.
 * Motown Yesteryear: a label in the late 70 's and early 80 's 7 inch singles spend, based on the entire company history.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [9]  only 1 Motown Yesteryear single takes out Billboard's Top 40- The Contours' "Do You Love Me", in 1988 when it was used in the film Dirty Dancing .
 * Soul Records: established in 1964. Soul is a r & b-/soul-label for releases that less on pop and more on traditional soul/blues are focused. Well-known artists have Jr. Walker & the all-stars, Shorty Long, Gladys Knight & the Pips and Jimmy Ruffin. The label disappears in 1978.
 * V.i.p. Records: established in 1964. V.i.p. is a r & b-/soul-label. Famous artists are The Velvelettes, The Spinners, The Monitors, The Elgins and Chris Clark. The label disappears in 1974.
 * Weed Records: a label with a very short existence. Only one release, Chris Clark's 1969 CC Rides Again album, is released. This release carries the slogan "Your Favorite Artists Are On Weed." The name "Weed Records" is now owned by the New York-based company in Tokyo- Weed Records.
 * Mel-o-dy Records: established in 1962 as a secondary r & b-/soul-muzieklabel. Mel-o-dy later focused on white countryartiesten. Mel-o-dy a well-known artist is Dorsey Burnette. The label disappears in 1965.
 * Hitsville Records: founded as Melodyland Records in 1974, but in 1976 the name changed to Hitsville. As before, Mel-o-dy Hitsville focused on country music. It is led by Mike Curb and Ray Ruff. Hitsville includesPat Boone and t. g. Sheppard under contract. The label disappears in 1967.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [10]
 * Wondirection Records: a record label owned by Stevie Wonder. It has one 12-inch dance release, the 10 '-35 "-raptrack" The Crown "by Gary Byrd and the GB Experience.
 * Mad Sounds Recordings: Short-lived hip hop/rap-label, that brings out five albums in the 90 's, including Zig Zag by Tha Mexakinz.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [11]
 * Workshop Jazz Records: Motowns jazz label, active from 1962 to 1964. Well-known Workshop Jazz artists include the George Bohannon Trio and the Four Tops (their recordings remained 30 years for this label on shelf). The Workshop Jazz catalogue is managed by Verve Records today.
 * Mo Jazz Records: another jazz label founded in the 90 's. Famous artists are Norman Brown, Foley and j. Spencer. This label (including catalogue) has been merged with Verve Records after the merger with Polygram/Universal.
 * Rare Earth Records: established in 1969 after Rare Earth (to whom the label was called) was contracted. Rare Earth Records was a label that focused on white rock music. Well-known names were Rare Earth, r. Dean Taylor, The Pretty Things, Stoney & Meatloaf, Toe Fat and Shaun Murphy . The Cats is the only Dutch band that brings out a single and an album on this famous American label. The label also the first white band that ever to Motown signs: The Rustix.
 * Prodigal Records: purchased by Motown in 1974. Motown used Prodigal Records as a second rock label; a sister label to Rare Earth Records. Rare Earth (the band) comes about when the Rare Earth label is lifted.Prodigal disappears in 1978.
 * Morocco Records: meaning "MOtown COmpany, ROCk" as the name implies, is Morocco a rock label. It is active from 1983 to 1984 and is a short-lived attempt to revive the Rare Earth Records concept. Only seven albums are released on the label. The most promising acts are Duke Jupiter and the black New Wave trio Tiggi Clay (via their lead singer, Fizzy Qwick) eventually moved to the parent label.
 * Divinity Records: short-lived (1961 – 1963) gospel label.
 * Black Forum Records: a label that focuses mainly on the spoken word with albums with progressive and civil rights speeches and poetry. Black Forum gives recordings of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Stokely Carmichael, Elaine Brown and others between 1970 and 1973.
 * Natural Resouces Records: this label is active in 1972-1973 and in 1976 as a small label for white artists and instrumental music. It is also still used for reprints of Tamla and Motown, and for Motowncompilaties in 1978 and 1979.
 * Motown Latino Records: short-lived (1982) subsidiary for Spanish/Latin American music.
 * Oceanfront Records: catalog Department, originally founded in the heyday of the company, then closed in 1983, to be reopened in 1996.
 * Biv 10 Records: a hip-hop-/r&b-label that was founded by Michael Bivins (Bell Biv Devoe/New Edition). The label is active throughout most of the 1990s. Their catalog includes Another Bad Creation, Boyz II Men, and 702.
 * Chisa Records: Motown distributes for Chisa, a label owned by Hugh Masekela, from 1969 to 1972 (before that it was label distributed by Vault Records).
 * CTI Records: Motown distributes for CTI Records, a jazz label owned by Creed Taylor, from 1974 to 1975. CTI-components include Kudu Records, Three Brothers Records and Salvation Records.
 * Three Brothers Records: a short-lived sub-label of CTI Records that two single releases kent. One was a group affected by Spike Jones, The Clams.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [12]
 * Ecology Records : a very short-lived label of Sammy Davis, Jr. that is distributed by Motown. Only release: single "In My Own Lifetime"/"I'll Begin Again" by Davis in 1971.
 * Gull Records: an English label that still exists. Motown distributes for Gull in the us in 1975. Gull has Judas Priest under contract in 1975, but their lp Sad Wings of Destiny, which would be released by Motown in the u.s., only comes on the market after the Motown/Gull agreement had expired.
 * Manticore Records: a record label that was founded by the members of the band Emerson, Lake & Palmer. Manticore gives albums by ELP and some other progressive-rock artists. Manticore is originally distributed in the us by Atlantic Records between 1973 and 1975 but switches to Motown when the label stops in 1977.
 * London American Records: gives Motownreleases from from 1959 to 1961
 * Fontana Records: gives Motownreleases from from 1961 to 1962
 * Oriole Records: gives Motownreleases from from 1962 to 1963
 * Stateside Records: gives Motownreleases from from 1963 to 1964
 * Rayber Records
 * IPG Records
 * Rich Records
 * Summer Camp Records
 * Inferno Records