History of the United States (1789-1849)

The history of the United States (1789-1849) was marked by the growth of the U.S. as a young nation and the expansion to the West: the population grew explosively, from 3.9 million Americans in 1790 to 13 million in 1830. This expansion went at the expense of the Native American population, which is East of the Mississippi between 1820 and 1844 with three quarters declined. Also began in this period the conflict over slavery the.



Content
[hide] *1 creation of the Republic of  ==Emergence of the Republic of[ Edit] == Flag of the US at the time of the adoption of the ConstitutionAt the independence was the us a collection of 13 States, of which the consistency not too large. A part of the revolutionaries felt little to British rule of a central authority to replace those that are home-grown. Adopted in the 1787 Constitution of the United States and the first 10 amendments thereof, the so-called Bill of Rights, however, was for many an acceptable compromise. The separation of powers in the Constitution prevented one person or body would absolute power. It was a power-sharing enshrined in three equivalent bodies: the Executive, the legislative and the judiciary. Also the inequality between small and large States was solved by introduction of the bicamerale Legislative Assembly in theUS Congress. Here States were represented in the House of representatives according to their population and got each State, regardless of population, a representation in theSenate by two senators.
 * 1.1 Washington, Adams and the federalists
 * 1.2 the House chooses the president
 * 2 Jefferson and the expansion to the West
 * 2.1 Lewis and Clark
 * 2.2 Indian Removal
 * 3 leading up to war
 * 3.1 war of 1812
 * 4 war with the Seminole
 * 5 Era of good feeling
 * 6 Jacksonian Era
 * 6.1 Bank fight
 * 7 Manifest Destiny and the Indians issue
 * 7.1 Conflict with Mexico
 * 7.2 Mormon and Oregon Trails
 * 8 external links

Meanwhile, the United States had the US dollar as national currency in 1785 already adopted. ===Washington, Adams and the federalists[ Edit] === Alexander Hamilton, painting by John TrumbullOn 4 March 1789 in New York City for the first time the Congress and the Constitution officially and on april 30, George Washington is sworn in as first president of the United States.His election and his re-election in 1792 was so far the only time that a president was unanimously elected by the college of electors. Washington was very aware of his role in the young history of the US and the impact of its decisions for subsequent Governors. Its precedents are largely still followed. The biggest test for the young nation was the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794. Tax levied on some alcoholic drinks had to cover the cost of the revolution but, especially Scots-Irish, farmers in Pennsylvania came against rebellion. Washington had to show that the Federal Government could act vigorously and he sent the militia to suppress the rebellion. Some leaders of the rebellion were convicted of treason but were pardoned by Washington. In 1802 the tax was abolished on whisky and other drinks.

Though Washington rejected political parties was his policy more in line with the Federalists than with the flow of the Democratic Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson. Washington's Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton led the Federalists. When in 1796 Washington is not eligible for re-election, went the battle between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. The popularity of the federalists was waning but Adams won the electionanyway. Is marked by extreme tensions between Great Britain and France also fostered domestic tensions between supporters of the French and the more targeted on England Federalists. Although Adams ' popularity soared when war threatened with France were the federalists, who then lost the election of 1800 . ===The House elects the president[ Edit] === Thomas Jefferson<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The original text in the Constitution that the presidential election settled postulated that choose men only for a president would choose. The candidate who received the second most votes became Vice President. Because of this, the elections of 1800 ended with two candidates Jefferson and Aaron Burr, the Democratic-Republican candidates for president and Vice President, with an equal number of votes. Choose according to the Constitution, the House of representatives than the president and so went the fight to Congress. The House was still largely Federalist and there followed a long phase of tug of war. Eventually Hamilton with its support for Jefferson that that as president would be chosen. Partly because of this crisis was later amended to the current system of one vote for president and one for Vice President. The rivalry that this created between Hamilton and Burr in 1804 would lead to a duel between the two in which Burr the deadly shot would solve. ==Jefferson and the expansion to the West<span class="mw-editsection" len="395" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Territorial growth of the United States; situation 1810<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:inherit;font-size:11px;"> █ █  Louisiana Purchase

<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:inherit;font-size:11px;"> █ █  United States in the year 1810

<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:inherit;font-size:11px;"><span len="2" style="border-style:none;color:rgb(173,216,230);">█ █  Areas that are still too small to join if State

<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:inherit;font-size:11px;"><span len="2" style="border-style:none;color:rgb(144,238,144);">█ █  Area claimed by the United States

<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:inherit;font-size:11px;"> █ █  Areas in Spanish hands <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Jefferson had support of large parts of the population and he was the symbol of American idealism. As leader of the Democratic Republicans he gave his name to the flow of the Jeffersonians and his party is seen as the forerunner of what became the Democratic Party would be.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Jefferson believed that expansion to the West was important for the development of the United States. He sent envoys to Paris to negotiate the purchase of the city of New Orleans, an important city at the mouth of the Mississippi. Jefferson sent the negotiations failed initially and later president James Monroe to Paris to unblock the negotiations. Eventually the American delegation surprised Napoleon throughout the area Louisiana for sale. France tried to prevent that largely still unexplored area would fall into British hands and a stronger U.S. would counterbalance against British colonialism in North America. Although they had no instructions to decide they saw the importance of the offer and Jefferson's negotiators agree to the Louisiana Purchase. The price; $ 15 million or $ 7 per km². In 1803 France Louisiana handed to the us, an area that covered large parts of the middle of the continent. The US were thus more than twice as large. ===Lewis and Clark<span class="mw-editsection" len="369" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Lewis and Clark on the Columbia River<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">To the newly regained to explore and map area was a British expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark equipped. A total of 33 man started in St. Charles, Missouri to a journey that would last more than two years and would reach out to the west coast. The successful expedition, only one member died en route, laid the Foundation for the massive expansion to the West of the later 19th century.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The newly reclaimed areas as well as the territory that the United States had obtained after the Treaty of Paris, with the Northwest Ordinance, were slowly but surely there were settlements established by pioneers and explored. In 1792 and 1796 were Kentucky and Tennessee respectively included in the Union and in the first years of the 19th century, various States at.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In foreign policy tried to keep Jefferson the US neutral during the many conflicts between Great Britain and France. He signed the law that forbade trade with both countries.One of the reasons for this was to force the British to stop obstructing trade for the u.s. East Coast. The idea behind this was that the English were dependent on food imports from the us. The result was, however, a serious decline of the American agricultural sector while England other import sources for food was made. ===Indian Removal<span class="mw-editsection" len="369" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">One reason for the purchase was the so-called Indian Removal: driving out of Indians to the country, to get them to zumbi recruited by agriculture and trade and thus to participate in the American economy. The Indians formed 8/9 of the population West of the Appalachian mountains. Attempts to buy them off led to opposition from Indians who does not intend to give up their traditional lifestyle, were to bow to the American capitalism and their own country by whites to buy.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1813 it came to an eruption when organised Indians, the Red Sticks, attacked Fort Mims and 250 victims made. American troops led by the later president Andrew Jackson responded painfully: despite Jackson's promise of free plunder crossed more than once the mutiny until 1814 were head on. the hostile natives subject in the battle of Horseshoe Bend, where an army of 1000 Creek was decimated. This victory was mainly due to Allied Cherokee. After the victory Jackson and his friends started the best raw of the Creek, including that of Creek that had been linked to them, between them. The Creek, said Jackson, "asked for a whacking". The Treaty of 1814 that sealed the victory, divided the remaining land of the Indians among them, and put an end to their centuries-old tradition of community property. ==Lead up to war<span class="mw-editsection" len="373" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The British 1806 and 1807 declarations in which they proclaimed Europe 's blockages and neutral shipping started to bother to maintain the blockade put a lot of bad blood in the us. Ships flying American flag several times were intercepted by the Royal Navy who were looking for the British troops and also deserterende to lend weight to prove against France. In 1807, the USS Chesapeake attacked and three Americans was killed and several people were imprisoned by the British. After the failure of the economic countermeasures of Jefferson took the call for war. Apart from the humiliations of the flag on sea were also the British troops present in the Western Territories still a thorn in the side of many Americans and the British support for rebellious Indian tribes who regularly attacked Western pioneers and their settlements. A war was also seen as an opportunity to still take in Canada . In 1810 were many war hawks Congress chosen. On June 1, 1812 saw the two years earlier elected president James Madison was forced to ask Congress for a declaration of war on 18 June and both houses of the Parliament had agreed. ===War of 1812<span class="mw-editsection" len="370" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The first fights were in Michigan where British troops invaded from Canada. US forces tried three times to invade Canada but all attempts to become. The area around Detroit and the Great Lakes was a violent battle scene and American troops in 1813 stakes York, later Toronto, on fire. Although the fighting on land mostly in British advantage were decided was the United States Navy surprisingly well able to cope with the British and the Americans were on the large lakes Superior.

Battle of Lake Erie Painting by w. h. Powell<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The British also fell further South, and in the summer of 1814 they attacked Washington D.C., the federal capital, and crossed the White House and the Capitol on fire. President Madison fled the seat of Government. The British bombardment, however, had little effect on Baltimore and the British advance was encountered. Ondecember 24, 1814, in Ghent signed a treaty that virtually restored the status quo before the war. After drawing the peace but before this was known in North America, General Andrew Jackson an unexpected and brilliant victory over the British in New Orleans. Jackson became a war hero, which would bring him later as president. Most u.s. goals for the war were not met but nor the country was humiliated by the world power Great Britain. The war for the British was no more than a distraction from the larger conflict against Napoleon's France but for the Americans it was a confirmation of their independence. ==War with the Seminole<span class="mw-editsection" len="377" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The expansion to the West went on, to white settlements reached the border with the Spanish Florida . This area was inhabited by the SeminoleIndians. Their demographics was mixed: lived between them run away or by Red Sticks, and fled the Seminole bought black slaves. Dealing with slaves, however, was different than in the u.s.: slaves lived in their own villages, children were usually released and marriages between blacks and Indians were so frequent that mixed villages were formed.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">This situation led to great fear at the white masters: can become their slaves were inspired by the relative freedom that brought the Seminole in practice. Under the pretext of self-defense against the Seminole Jackson began a military campaign in 1818 by Florida, which especially focused against the Spanish. A year later, bought Florida from Spain . ==Era of good feeling<span class="mw-editsection" len="375" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the wars, the domestic factions closer together. In 1820 was James Monroe Madison's successor elected president without much opposition. This era would be known as the Era of good feeling and the us knew a period of unit such as that no longer would rule until after the civil war. The Democratic-Republicans took many of the principles of the waning Federalists over and the last would soon disappear after this as a serious political force. The US withdrew from the world politics and isolationism won site. In 1823 the US called the Monroe doctrine from which meant that the US rejected all European meddling in the Western hemisphere and would regard as hostile towards the US and the US held themselves likewise outside of European Affairs.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the Monroes Presidency followed that son of John Adams, John Quincy Adams who won the elections of 1824, after the House of representatives chose the president for the second time because none of the candidates had a majority in the College of electors won. During j. q. Adams ' Presidency factionaliseerde US politics. The federalists were gone forever as a political force and in their place came the Whigs who were strongly represented especially in New England . The party of Jefferson, the Democratic-Republicans, the Democratic Party with the popular Andrew Jackson, hero of the war of 1812, as a leader. The elections of 1828were won by Jackson. ==Jacksonian Era<span class="mw-editsection" len="370" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Andrew Jackson was several times involved in personal duels and was not known as an elitist, but as a man of the people. Farmers from the West, as well as workers and retailers from the East were the basis of Jackson's power. What contributed significantly to his election victory, it was increasingly hitting vote for men. In this respect, the democracy in the us many democracies in Europe far ahead.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">One of the problems that had to offer Jackson the head was the intensified battle between States Rightsactivists and advocates of a strong federal Government. Especially in the South were the defenders of the rights of individual States influential. In response to Tariffs on some commodities were levied invoked on South Carolina Nullification, the law of a State not to enforce laws like those the State interest not served. South Carolinadeclared the Tariff Acts of 1828 and 1832 null and void within their own borders. Jackson sent to maintain armed units to the federal laws while South Carolina threatened to separate the will Union. Eventually bond the State in after a compromise proposal by the influential senator Henry Clay, a Whig Party. The charges were reduced in steps, but not raised. ===Bank Fight<span class="mw-editsection" len="366" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the early years of the Republic of the United States had no central bank such as the current Federal Reserve System. In 1791 the First Bank of The United States set up but the bank at the end of a 20-year mandate was not renewed. In 1816 was again a bank founded with the aim to regulate the currency and to facilitate trade. Inflation during this period was a big problem. This Second Bank of the United States also had a 20-year term of Office.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Many, especially Western, States and less affluent citizens were against the bank because they a benefit for wholesalers and corporations in saw. President Jackson was dead set against renewal of the Office and he spoke a veto on a bill intended for that purpose. Then in 1832 the election campaign largely turned around the Bank issue. A great victory by Jackson gave the death blow to the bank and saw Jackson as a clear mandate for his policies.

<p lang="en" len="255" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Jacksons second term shortly after the end of an economic crisis broke out, the Panic of 1837. ==Manifest Destiny and the Indians issue<span class="mw-editsection" len="394" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Kit Carson, Mountainman<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The trek to the West, the areas obtained during the Louisiana Purchase was in principle free slowly beyond the Mississippi. The prairies were in the years before the civil warsparsely populated and there were at first only a few conflicts with native American tribes saw their land threatened by white settlers. Called the Western Territories exploredMountainmen and acted with the original inhabitants or hunted Beavers for their sought after coat. Especially between the years 1810 and the 1840s they insisted into theRocky Mountains. Famous names who still live in legends are James Beckwourth, Jim Bridger, John c. Fremont and Kit Carson.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1830 the Indian Removal Act adopted by the Congress which made it possible, if necessary by force, Indian tribes from the Eastern States to move to the West. The Federal Government concluded treaties with many tribes in which the Indians land to the us. However, not all the tribes wanted to move to the Indian Territoryin 1834, founded the modern Oklahoma. The Choctaw are forced and in 1833 to the West in 1838 were several thousand Cherokee Indians forced from the East to the current Oklahoma to March. This tour, which encountered much opposition on, became known as the Trail of Tears and many died along the way by diseases or exhaustion.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Slowly began the trek to the West by white pioneers, however, already to get going. America saw it in this period as their manifest destiny, to the entire continent of North America, most sparsely populated, to span from the Atlantic coast to the west coast to the Pacific Ocean. For example, many hundreds of pioneers settled in present-dayTexas that when a part of it in 1821 Mexicobecame independent from Spain . Americans soon formed a vast majority in Texas and the Mexican dictator Santa Ana is trying to disarm what the settlers in Texas in 1835 led to an armed conflict between the Texans and Mexico. In the following year called Texas its independence from and found the famous battle of the Alamo, where several dozen Texans, including the folk hero Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie, to ward off a Mexican force majeure for a long time know AB all defenders of the Alamo are killed. ===Conflict with Mexico<span class="mw-editsection" len="375" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The mission station near The Alamo.This mission is not the place of the battle itself.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Texans questions already in 1836 to annexation by the us but Congress refuses to take in Texas on the Union under pressure from opponents of slavery that no new slave State affect the balance in the Senate want to let. President John Tyler knows, however, the annexation by Congress to pilots and in 1845 Texas was included in the Union. Tylers successor James Knox Polk sends a delegation to Mexico City to negotiate a purchase price for California and to offer compensation for the loss of Texas.Mexico refuses and war threatens. Around this time connect Polk also a treaty with Great Britain that the border with the British possessions in later settle Canada. For the most part this border runs along the 49th parallel.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the annexation of Texas inherited the Usa the border dispute that Texas had with Mexico. After a skirmish took place on area that was claimed both by the US and Mexico, the Mexican-American war broke out in 1846. Both sides suffered heavy casualties, but still knew the Americans quite easy to win. Mexico City In the fall of 1847 was even taken. The later u.s. president Zachary Taylor was in this war a true hero, earning him following in the footsteps of previous generals as Jackson would bring to the White House. At the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 Mexico hit the Northern quarter of its territory lost to the United States. It was formed as well as the State ofCalifornia among other territories which later New Mexico, Arizona and Nevada would be. Shortly after the fighting stopped were Gold in California was found, which led to a gold rush. There was a true people's move to the West and cities grew sometimes literally enjoy out of nowhere. Many gold seekers arrived in San Francisco visit, called"49ers". At the end of 1849 there were some 80,000 gold miners in California, a tripling of the population within one year. ===Mormon and Oregon Trails<span class="mw-editsection" len="379" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Map of the Oregon Trail from 1907<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The trek to the West was ls unstoppable. The Mormons tried under the leadership of Joseph Smith in 1838 in Missouri and Illinois to settle, but soon there were persecuted for their ideas. In 1844, Smith and his brother were murdered and the new leader Brigham Young led his people in 1846 via the Mormon Trail westward, first to Nebraska, where an army unit was formed to take part in the war against Mexico; later the Mormons continue to what is now Utah . On 23 July 1847 they settled near the Great Salt Lake and founded Salt Lake City.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1843, the first trek from Independence, Missouri place towards the west coast, to the Oregon Territory. In the years after this would have many thousands of these followOregon Trail pioneers a year in search of a better life. Sometimes, these caravans of pioneers with their characteristic Conestoga Wagon wagons attacked by Indians and the army was deployed to protect the white settlers. The expanding Telegraph connections to the West are an important link with the densely populated East of the country.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In this period, the number of battles with Indian tribes to dramatically. Also diseases where the original inhabitants had no resistance to many become fatal.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The isolationist tendencies of the u.s. made so that they could focus entirely on the colonization of the continent. Although no world power of political sense, the United States became a magnet for immigrants from around the world who tried their luck in the young nation. Especially after the civil war that broke out in 1861 came this golf going.