Canada

Canada is a country in Northern North America. In the South it is bounded by the United States and to the East by the Atlantic Ocean. The western border is formed by the u.s. State of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean, and to the North lies the Arctic Ocean. The capital of Canada is Ottawa and the largest cities are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouverand Calgary[6]. Canada is with an area of 9,970,610 km2 on Russia after the largest country in the world.

The name Canada is derived from the Indian Word kanata, which means settlement . The country was inhabited by Indians and inuit for thousands of years before it starting from the 15th and 16th centuries by the Europeans, especially French and English, was explored and colonized. In 1763 France hit its lost colony New-France to the English.The four English colonies formed In 1867 Canadian Confederation. With the Statute of Westminster in 1931 got Canada more autonomy within the British Empire, and in1982 the country was by the Canada Act also formally wholly independent of Great Britain.

Canada is a Federal State with 10 provinces and 3 territories and a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The head of State of Canada is Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented in Canada by the Governor General as the head of Government is the Prime Minister . It is a bilingual country where both English and French have official status. Canada is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, APEC, OSA, the UN, the G8, NATO and the Francophonie.



Content
[hide] *1 History 
 * 2 Geography
 * 2.1 Climate
 * 2.2 Nature
 * 2.3 Provinces
 * 2.4 Cities
 * 3 demographics
 * 3.1 demographics
 * 3.2 population development
 * 3.3 Language
 * 4 Politics
 * 4.1 parliamentary system
 * 4.2 provincial politics
 * 4.3 national unity
 * 5 Economy
 * 6 culture and places of interest
 * 6.1 Sport
 * 6.2 national symbols
 * 6.3 national holiday
 * 6.4 Food
 * 7 see also
 * 8 external link

History
The formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867Canada was initially explored and colonised by the French . After the French and Indian war the area came in 1763 entirely inBritish hands. During the war of 1812 between England and the United States were delivered some important battles on Canadian soil.

Canada, in its present form, came into existence on 1 July 1867 when Upper Canada (Ontario) and lower Canada (Quebec) were United in the Dominion of Canada with John Macdonald as first Prime Minister. Until 1931 the Statute of Westminster was passed by the British Parliament Canada had only limited autonomy. Canada was automatically at the first world war when Britain involved in war with Germany . Only in 1982 disappeared with the adoption of the Canada Act the last remnant of British control of the country. Canada made important contributions on the Allied side in both the First and the Second World War. In the postwar period exchanged periods of Liberal and Conservative Governments each other off. Canada has a close economic relationship with its neighbour the United States although it disagrees strongly with the US politics sometimes, especially under liberal governments.

After 13 years of Liberal rule, and some scandals that Prime Minister brought in Paul Martins Government embarrassment, became at elections in 2006 the current cabinet led by Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper in the saddle helped. Canada supplies since the september 11, 2001 attacks a major contributor to the NATO Mission inAfghanistan.

Geography
Canada is the second largest country in the world in area, after the Russian Federation. It is about 6500 km from East to west and 4600 km in North-South direction of u.s. border far above the Arctic Circle. Canada claims an area around the pool that runs from 60 ° W to 141 ° W and regards the Straits that the Arctic Archipelago and theNorthwest Passage as Canadian territorial waters. However, this claim is not recognized internationally. The most northern place, inhabited, in Canada (and the world) isAlert on Ellesmereisland. Canada's southernmost town, Windsor is located on the same latitude as Barcelona in Spain. Most of the land is geologically included Canadian Shield and has many thousands of Lakes. The Hudson Bay area is around the back. In southern Ontario, the Great Lakes region on the border with the United States.

In the middle of Canada one finds vast prairies, especially in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and part of Alberta. West of the Rocky Mountains. In the North one can find immense, almost entirely uninhabited, Arctic landscapes and the Canadian Arctic islands. In the East of the country finally one finds, among other things, the Maritime Provinces and the island of Newfoundland. The Northeast end between New Brunswick and Nova Scotia has the largest difference between ebb and flow in the world.

Climate
Large parts of Canada have very cold winters with temperatures in the North and on the prairies below-40 ° Celsius diving regularly. An exception are the coastal areas in British Columbia where prevent mild and rainy winters.

Summer in many parts of Canada, especially the South, strikingly warm and often moist. The average warmest cities in Canada are Vancouver, Victoria and Windsor, the southernmost city. A small wilderness area is located in the Okanagan wine region, in the South of British Columbia. A part of southern Alberta in the shadow of the Rocky Mountains is has a semi-arid, or quite dry, climate. Come here for, among other things, Badlands. The extreme south of Ontario is an offshoot of the so-called Tornado alleyfrom the United States, an area where tornadoes often occur.

Nature
Because the country is sparsely populated, there are many natural areas relatively unaffected by human intervention. The country has many protected Provincial and national parks. The Canadian Botanical Conservation Network (CBCN) is a network that is in Canada deals with the preservation of rare and endangered native plant species, wild habitats and ecosystems.

Provinces
Canada is divided into 10 provinces (provinces) and three territories (territories). A province shall, in contrast to the territories, its own sovereignty in a constitutional framework.Provinces have its own Parliament, a Prime Minister and a Lieutenant-Governor, who represents the Crown in the province independent of the Governor General of Canada. On the other hand, territories exercise their power on the basis of laws passed by the Federal Parliament. The Yukon Act as charts a polity of the territory. In the last decades of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century have the territories more powers from the Federal Government. Unlike the provinces, the Federal Government adopted via a parliamentary law also change or revoke the order of the territories although in practice this is not likely. [7]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The ten provinces can be subdivided in a number of regions. New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island are to the Maritime Provinces (Maritime provinces), while they are counted along with the Newfoundland and Labrador Atlantic provinces are called. West of this are Quebec and Ontario. West of Ontario are the Western provinces to know the three Prairie Provinces (prairie provinces) Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta and British Columbia. The territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Yukon.

Cities
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada is a fairly urbanised country. In the prairie provinces, for example, resides a large percentage of the population in just a few cities. The capital of Canada is Ottawa while the largest cities Toronto and Montreal are.

<p lang="en" len="26" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Some other cities are:


 * Quebec
 * Vancouver
 * Calgary
 * Edmonton
 * Winnipeg
 * Halifax
 * St. John's
 * Regina
 * Saskatoon

Demographics
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Most of the inhabitants of 34.568.211 (2013) Canada live in a strip of 200 kilometres along the border with the United States. This boundary follows to a large extent the 49th degree of latitude and is the longest undefended border between two countries. The northern parts of the provinces, several hundred kilometers further north, are sparsely populated. Even scarcer populated the Northern of the provinces located territories.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The inhabitants of Canada called Canadians. The original population is made up of Indiansand Inuit . The first large groups of immigrants from Europe were English speakers and French speakers. The latter form the majority in the province of Quebec and there is the (only) official language French .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada has always been a country of immigration and there are people from all over the world to find. In the West are many Ukrainians settled down. In many places to find Dutch-speaking immigrants, are also out there especially in the years after the Second World War have gone to far. Also from Asia many are drawn to Canada, especially to the west coast where many Canadians of Chinese origin live. In the 80 's and 90s are many Chinese from Hong Kong to Vancouver moved. Are communities In Quebec and Francophone Africa from Haiti.

Population Development
<p len="255" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">

Language
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada is officially bilingual, although out there not so much of the Federal Government in order to note is. The Québécois speak a patois, a continuation of the French of the 17th and 18th centuries. Contrary to what happened with the African, they have maintained the same standard language as other French-speaking areas such as France, Western Switzerland or Wallonia. Since the 1960s there has been a sharp political separation developed between the French-speaking Quebec and the English-speaking provinces, even to the extent that many people in Quebec wanted to become independent from Canada. There were two referenda in which the independence of Quebec but was narrowly rejected. In some English-speaking provinces, such as Ontario and Manitoba, and significant French-speaking communities come for New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province with about one-third of the population is French-speaking. In Newfoundland was in French fishing villages French spoken. There are attempts to improve the position of French in Newfoundland, among other things by giving education in French.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition to French and English in Canada, there are 11 so-called Indian-Inuittalen and consisting of more than 65 different dialects.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [8]  of these, only the Cree, Inuktitut and a population of Ojibwe speakers who speak the language fluently in order to maintain this in the long term.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [9]  Several indigenous languages have an official status in the Northwest Territories.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [10]  Inuktitut is the main language in Nunavut and is one of the three official languages in the area.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [11]

Politics
Parliament Hill in Ottawa<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada is a constitutional Kingdom and a Federal parliamentary democracy. The political system of Canada is based on the British Westminstermodel with American influences. On 1 July 1867, the British North America Act of 1867 (basically Canada's Constitution) which founded the Dominion of Canada . Canada's first Prime Minister was Sir John Alexander Macdonald. Although nominally an independent Canada were still a major influence on Canadian matters. For example, changes to the Canadian Constitution had to be approved by London. Uk to 1931 was also largely responsible for the foreign policy of Canada.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Since 1931, however, all the British dominions were equated with the United Kingdom and they got full sovereignty equivalent to all other countries. The full title of the Canadian King (in) is nowadays: her Majesty, Elizabeth the second, by the grace of God, of the United Kingdom, Canada and her other Areas and territories, Queen, head of the Commonwealth, defender of the faith. The title defender of the faith is purely ceremonial, Canada has no State Church (Anglican). To comply with the Constitution, the King is head of State, but does not have Executive power. The King is the only one who performs titled. The Governor General of Canada and Lieutenant-Governors carry out the duties of the monarch. Canadians wear not financially to their Royal family. Only if they carry out tasks for Canada they receive a small financial contribution.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada obtained full independence only in 1982 through the adoption by the British Parliament of the Canada Act of 1982. To do this, Parliament in London retained the last say over any constitutional change in Canada. A major change to Canada's Constitution in 1982 was the addition of the Canadian Charter of Rights and freedoms, a document that enshrined rights and freedoms. The head of State is Queen Elizabeth II, with the title Queen of Canada. She is represented by the Governor General of Canada, who is appointed by the Crown on the advice of the Canadian Prime Minister. In every province and territory of Canada, the Crown is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The country is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and became by the British Parliament formed on 1 July 1867 . In 1866 it was decided to of British North America a so-called independent, zelfregerende colony (Dominion) to make. In the settlements was the next country also calledKingdom of Canada (Kingdom Canada) called.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The national anthem of Canada O Canadais. The Royal anthem God Save the Queen is called.

Parliamentary system
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Parliament of Canada consists of a lower House, the Chamber of Deputies (House of Commons) and a Senate (Senate). This Senate consists, in contrast to the House of Lords in the United Kingdom, not from Canada no noble titles as Lords knows. Chosen for a model American example although Senators are elected by the people but not directly by the Prime Minister are nominated and appointed by the Governor General then. Because the Senate as a result, often populated by political friends of the Prime Minister is there much opposition to this system and are there regularly through the Senate members to let the people choose.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Members of the House of Commons are elected via a past-the-post system with one member per district (Riding). The candidate who gets the most votes per district at federal elections is a member of the House of Commons (Member of Parliament).

<p lang="en" len="478" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the elections of 2011 is the seat distribution (total 308 seats) in the House of representatives as follows (distribution of seats after the elections of 2008 's in parentheses):

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The party with a majority forms the Government consisting of a Prime Minister and several ministers who are also members of Parliament. Together they form the Cabinet. If no party has a majority, as was the case after the 2008 election, as a rule, the largest party forms a minority Government. Often this governs with the support of one or more other parties without a formal coalition. Minority cabinets are In the line no more than one to two years.
 * Conservatives : 167 (143)
 * New Democratic Party : 102 (37)
 * Liberals : 34 (77)
 * Bloc Québécois : 4 (49)
 * Green (environment/Greens): 1 (0)
 * Otherwise/having taken office: 0

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The current Government is formed by the Conservatives since February 2006 under the leadership of Prime Minister Stephen Harper. They have also since 2011 the absolute majority in the Parliament

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A Parliament has a five- year mandate but the Prime Minister can unsubscribe earlier elections. Also be there before elections if the Government loses the confidence of Parliament. This usually happens during minority cabinets when the Government suffers loss in Parliament on a sensitive, for example, a so-called moneybill, a State budget. Lost the end 2005 cabinet consisting of Liberals under former Prime Minister Paul Martin the confidence after a direct vote of no confidence. It was the first time in Canadian parliamentary history that this happened. The occasion was the so-called Sponsorship Scandal involving millions of dollars in tax money gone, including in the cases of the ruling Liberals and to marketing companies with connections in the party. The subsequent election of 23 January 2006 were won by the conservative party.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The judicial branch of the Federal Government is led by the Supreme Court of Canada, the Canadian Supreme Court.

Provincial politics
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The provinces are headed by a premier who lead a provincial government. As at the federal level is the Government of a province led by the largest party in the provincial assemblies. A Lieutenant-Governor represents the Crown in the provinces. The provinces have powers over matters such as education, health care and provincial infrastructure. The province of Quebec has special powers as the only entirely French-speaking province. The relationship of the provinces and the Federal Government on the other hand, is often strained. In Alberta, for example, there is a sense that "Ottawa" the province only criticizes and exploits for the benefit of the poorer provinces. There is also resistance to the many exceptions are made for Quebec.

National Unity
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The unity of Canada is often up for debate. Mainly the exceptional position of the French-speaking community in Quebec is a point of contention. In 1980 and in 1995 there were in that province held referendums on possible secession from Canada. Especially in 1995, this proposal was just wide (with 50.6% of the vote) rejected.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On the other hand, is recently in Western Canada, particularly in Alberta and British Colombia, dissatisfaction with the national policies governing them, the zg. Western Alienation. Alberta has repeatedly stated that the some of the special rights granted to Quebec wants to have with regard to the control of "binnenprovinciaalse" issues. A survey of residents of the four western provinces in 2005 indicated that about one in three people separation from Canada would find a good thing.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In november 2006, adopted a resolution in which the inhabitants of the French-speaking region Quebec be recognized as a nation within a United Canada. The resolution, introduced by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, was with 266 votes for and 16 against approved.

Economy
Views of the central business district of Toronto<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada is an economically diverse country. It is member of the NAFTA, the OECD and the G8 group of richest industrialized countries plus Russia. The GDP in 2003 amounted to $ 999,94 billion, representing $ 19.428 per capita.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">About three quarters of the working population is employed in the services sector that by far the most important. Forestry, mining and fishing are also important sources of income.Agriculture is particularly important in the prairies and parts of Ontario. The industrial sector is relatively less important in Canada. In southern Ontario is the automotive industry of importance, especially in Windsor. Toronto is a world trade and business center while Calgary the Centre of the oil and natural gas industry is.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For the trade relations of the u.s. Canada is essential. In 2004, the export $ 315 billion of which went to the us as many as 85%. Also imports from other countries, more than half come from the USA. Despite this relationship, trade relations with the us not always easy in part because the Government often hard politics with the relationship with the u.s. for political gain at home. The border crossing between Windsor, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan is the busiest international border crossing in the world and about a quarter of the Canadian trade passes through this boundary.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The unit of currency is the Canadian dollar (C $ or CAD), divided into 100 cents. The value of the dollar is about 68 cents.

Culture and places of interest
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Culture in Canada in particular, knows English and French influences as well as the influence of the native American and Inuitbevolking. Furthermore, the proximity of the United States also affect the Canadian culture.Along with the United States is Canada (especially in English) the heart of Anglo-America.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Inuksuk are well-known Canadian symbols. The national sports in the country are lacrosse (official summer sports) and ice hockey (officially winter sports).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [12]  Olympic Games held in Canada were three times, namely in 1976 (Montreal), 1988 (Calgary) and 2010 (Vancouver).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada possesses a diverse landscape with lots of untamed nature. Some famous national parks like Banff, Jasper National park, Waterton Glacier International Peace Park, Kluane, Nahanni National park Gros Morne National park and draw many visitors. There are also several lesser known national parks and provincial parks such as Dinosaur Provincial Park in Alberta.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Historically, include the historic district of Quebec and the L'Anse aux Meadows Viking settlement important. Other important sites include the cities of Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Major museums include theRoyal Ontario Museum, the Museum of Civilization and the Glenbow Museum .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada also has many festivals that wide renown. Some important of these are the Tulip Festival in Ottawa and the Calgary Stampede .

Sports
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The official national Canadian sports are ice hockey and lacrosse. Hockey is a national pastime and the most popular spectator sport in the country. It is also the most played sport by Canadians, with 1.65 million participants in 2004. Seven of Canada's eight largest urban areas — Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton and Winnipeg-are franchises in the National Hockey League (NHL) and there are more Canadian players in the NHL than from all other countries. Other popular spectator sports that draw are curling and Canadian football, the latter also played professionally in the Canadian Football League (CFL). Golf,baseball, skiing, soccer, volleyball, cricket, rugby league and basketball are widely played at youth and amateur level, but professional leagues and franchises are not common.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Canada, several international sporting events, including the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary and the 2007 FIFA u-20 World Cup. Canada was the host country for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and Whistler, British Columbia.

National symbols
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The national symbols of Canada are influenced by natural, historical and Aboriginal sources. The use of the maple leaf as a Canadian symbol dates back to the early 18th century. The Maple Leaf is depicted on Canada's current and previous flags, the penny, and on the coat of arms of Canada. Other prominent symbols are the Beaver, Canada goose, the Great Northern Loon, the Crown, the Royal Canadian Mounted Policeand more recently the Inuksuk and totem pole.

National holidays & celebration
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The national holiday of Canada is 1 July: Canada Day, the day on which the Confederation of Canada in 1867 (Dominion of Canada) came into being. The holiday was first called Dominion Day and was celebrated for the first time in 1879 . Since 1982 the current name in use.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada Day is often celebrated with parades and Fireworks. In Ottawa there are events around the Parliament buildings.

Food
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Canadian cuisine varies greatly between the different regions of Canada. There are considerable overlaps between Canadian Food and eating in the rest of North America, but many dishes are unique or have unique versions which are found only in Canada. Contenders for the title of national Canadian food include Poutine and butter pies. Fact that Canada is the world's largest producer of maple syrup is.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The three oldest kitchens of Canada First Nations, have English and French roots. This traditional cuisine of English Canada is closely linked to British and American cuisine, while the traditional cuisine of French Canada has evolved from French cuisine and the winter conditions of fur traders. With the subsequent waves of immigration in the 18th and 19th centuries from Central, southern and Eastern Europe and then from Asia, Africa and the Caribbean were later supplemented the regional cuisines. The Jewish immigrants flow to late 1800 Canada also plays an important role in the food and beverages in Canada. The Montreal-style bagel and Montreal-style smoked meat are both types of food developed by the Jewish community in Montreal.