Banana (fruit)

A banana is a fruitoblong, slightly curved, which comes from the banana plant. In Suriname is called bacove when it comes to the fruit that can be eaten directly from the shell and banana 's if it goes to green plantains. In Indian cuisine is usually called the banana, the pisang Malaysian Word for the fruit. Also in the African one knows that Word, but then spelled piesang.

A banana plant or banana tree is actually a herb, the world's largest herb (herbaceous). According to the horticultural definition is, however, reckoned the banana fruit .According to the culinary definition, however, it is a fruit, because the banana for dessert or as a snack is eaten.



Content
[hide] *1 characteristics of the fruit 
 * Growth 2
 * 3 transport
 * 4 artificial controlled ripening process
 * 5 processing in foods
 * 6 nutritional value of banana for fresh consumption
 * 7 origin and spread of the banana
 * 8 Export countries
 * 9 Brands
 * 10 genetic background
 * 11 Grown varieties
 * 11.1 Genome composition
 * 11.2 races or racial groups
 * 11.2.1 Genome type AA
 * 11.2.2 Genome type AAA
 * 11.2.3 Genome type AAAA
 * 11.2.4 Genome type AB
 * 11.2.5 Genome type AAB
 * 11.2.5.1 Plantain group
 * 11.2.6 Genome type AAAB
 * 11.2.7 Genome type ABB
 * 11.2.8 Genome type ABBB
 * 11.2.9 distribute Genome type BBB
 * 11.2.10 Genome type AABB
 * 11.2.11 Genome type AT
 * assignments 11.2.12 Genome type ATH
 * Genome type ABBT position.
 * Genome types Fe'i 11.2.14
 * Bananadine-hoax 12
 * 13 Expressions
 * 14 external links

Characteristics of the fruit
A regular dessert banana has a thick rind that is easy of the flesh is released and can thereby be peeled by hand. The fruit is eaten, such as those in Europe, usually yellow, in the form of an approximately 20 cm long and 3 cm thick round bar that is a little bent and thinner at the ends.

There are several types of bananas: in Netherlands is the most commonly used banana a fruit of the Giant Cavendish variety, in particular of the clone Valery, which can be eaten fresh, but in many tropical countries are bananas used that must first be baked and that meals are so processed.

Striking other types are the red banana, the Apple banana, the plantain, the baby banana and the golden banana.

MusaOf banana is also a green alcoholic drink made, called banana liqueur.

Of certain bananas can also chips are made, the so-called banana chips .

Growth
Bananas grow in tropical countries where the temperature is not below 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 ° c) comes. Under normal circumstances it takes about seven months before there can be harvested.

Bananas grow in a bunch of up to 50 kg to a banana plant. All the bananas are ripe at the same time in such a bunch, and they are ripe not long lasting. That is why the bananas for export to other countries immature harvested and packed in boxes in which bunches down from about 18 pounds. Within 48 hours of harvesting the bananas in refrigerated ships loaded and among other things brought to Europe in 2-4 weeks.

During the ripening process separates the banana of course off ethylene . In order to speed up the ripening process, ripening bananas in some time are exposed to external ethylene, whereby the ripening process of the banana itself started or accelerated. After about a week, they can then go to the store. After some time gets the black spots and peel the fruit itself is very soft. Many people find the banana at their best when that process begins.

Starch is converted to sugar. In unripe bananas is 20 times as much starch as sugar and at the end of the ripening banana applies whereby a sweet taste.

The flower at the bottom of the bunch, is also edible and has and somewhat wry and slightly sweet taste. This flower is eaten raw in some countries in Asia .

The banana gets his curve shape by gravity the flower bunch goes down, but the fruits up continue to grow (geotropie). So it has nothing to do with the ' grow into the light ' to make.

Transport
Bananas are picked green. They are washed, and because the fragile fruits are packed in sturdy cardboard boxes. The boxes are placed on pallets or in containers. Between the harvest and consumption of the banana is about 30 to 40 days. The transport takes place in refrigerated ships or warehouses-cold storage.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The banana spider (Phoneutria nigriventer) is a very poisonous spider, and is still sometimes for in supply ports such as Rotterdam because they come along between the banana bunches. It his Brown kamspinnen(Ctenidae). They eat insects but no banana birds that come and go commando.

Artificial controlled ripening process
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Arrived at the port brought the ripening bananas to the different. In the rijperij put the bananas into gas-tight cells.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Depending on the date of sale of the bananas, the riper a maturation schedule created. Most prefer to first banana ripeners to equalize so that the temperature in the whole batch is equal. If that is good is the actual maturation started by injecting ethylene gas in the cell. The bananas now have an average temperature of 16.0 ° c (depending on the number of days the maturation should last). Overall 24-hour bananas under gas. The door is locked so that no one can. This is because there is no oxygen in the cell more is because the bananas the use oxygen to mature. A man does not last long in these low-oxygen room and will hit unconscious (or worse). After these 24 hours is the cell aerated to get fresh oxygen in the cell and to drain the remaining gases. Depending on the duration of the programme, the temperature is regulated. The longer the program the lower the temperature. The banana will develop because the ripening is heat. At the moment the cell cooling to dissipate the heat from the banana. This happens gradually. In this way, the banana as it were inhibited in the maturation process.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The bananas are extradited in the color as the customer wishes. Usually this is around the 3.5 color (yellow with something greener at the ends). To all the bananas in the boxes to get the same color and temperature uses forced cooling. The air flow is directed so that the air can only by the banana boxes. This will help maintain the temperature differences as small as possible. Hence the holes in the boxes.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The automation is in the ripening installations also penetrated and there are systems available to send and monitor the ripening process. Most are equipped with alarms and log data to the riper total control over the process. Often the supplier of remote installation assistance and the ripe or trouble shooting. In a cell on average 24 pallets bananas, but there are also larger and smaller cells. On every pallet are 6 (number per layer) x 8 (number of layers) = 48 boxes. 48 boxes x 24 pallets = 1152 boxes. 1 box contains about 18 kg bananas. 1152 x 18 = 20.736 kg bananas.

Processing in foods
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Most bananas are eaten in the rough. The price of bananas depends on the supply and demand relationships, the quality and availability of alternative vegetables. In Europe prices are on average higher than in the first half in the second half because in the summer many other fruits available making the demand for bananas is decreasing.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Bananas are also in many processed foods. For example, Pisang goreng is a sweet dish with fried banana. In the toko one can buy sweetened and dried fried banana (pisang Kerupuk, "banana chips"). Also are there plantains sold better suited for it than the usual bananas that FRY at the vegetable shop are sold. Pisang Ambon is liqueur with partly the taste of bananas and banana beer there is also.

Nutritional value of banana for fresh consumption
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">An average banana weighs about 150 grams. 100 grams of fresh banana contains 88-116 kilocalories and about:

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Bananas contain various vitamins and minerals. So in 100 grams of fresh banana about 88 mg potassium, 8.7 mg vitamin C, magnesium , tryptophanand selenium.
 * 20-25 g carbohydrates
 * 1.2 g protein
 * 0.2 g fat (half of which unsaturated)
 * 0.4 g fiber

Origin and spread of the banana
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The wild ancestor of the banana was featured in a large area which stretched from India to Indonesia about Southeast Asia and New Guinea. There are indications that the banana already 7,000 years ago in the latter area would be cultivated.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Probably have Indonesian settlers on the coast of East Africa, on the Comoros and Madagascar established the banana about the beginning of our era brought to East Africa. From there, the banana production in several centuries spread over much of Africa. In the tropical rain forest was the banana a lot more productive than most other agricultural crops.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Spaniards and Portuguese taught the banana to the west coast of Africa. These Europeans brought the banana to Central America.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The name "banana" is derived from a Word from the language of Wolof.

Export Countries
Banana transport in Tanzania<p lang="en" len="51" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The banana plant is grown around the equator in:

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The main export countries are Ecuador, Costa Rica, Panama, Honduras, Suriname, Colombia, Guatemala and the Philippines.
 * Central America
 * Guatemala
 * Honduras
 * Costa Rica
 * Panama
 * South America
 * Suriname
 * Ecuador
 * Colombia
 * Venezuela
 * Caribbean
 * Dominican Republic
 * Martinique
 * Guadeloupe
 * Africa
 * Ivory Coast
 * Cameroon
 * South-East Asia
 * India
 * China
 * Philippines
 * Indonesia
 * Thailand
 * Viet Nam
 * Oceania
 * Australia
 * Canary Islands

Brands
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Four major providers of bananas are active worldwide, these are Dole Food Company, Fresh Del Monte Produce, Fyffes and Chiquita Brands International . The latter two companies are going to merge in 2014.

<p lang="en" len="27" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Some brands in Netherlands:


 * Banacol: imports from Colombia
 * Banagior: imports from Venezuela
 * Bonita: imports from Ecuador
 * Chiquita: Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, imports from Colombia and Ecuador
 * Cobana: imports from Ecuador
 * Tomo no kai: import from Japan
 * Dole Food Company: import among other from Cameroon and Ivory Coast (for the European market)
 * Fyffes: Irish brand with imports from Colombia, Honduras, Suriname, Belize, Costa Rica and Jamaica, Windward Islands
 * Turbana: imports from Colombia
 * Fairtrade/Max Havelaar Peru, Ecuador, Dominican Republic: banana imports from, Windward Islands, Colombia, Ghana and Costa Rica

Genetic background

 * The genome of the species Musa acuminata (Chinese banana) is shown with AA.
 * The genome of the species Musa balbisiana (flour banana) is displayed with BB.
 * The genome of the species Musa schizocarpa appears with SS.
 * The genome of the species Musa textilis (Manila hemp) is displayed with the TT.
 * The composition of the genome of the species within the section Australimusa is not yet clear and is therefore indicated with Fe'i.

Genome Composition
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A genome is a diploid plant from some of 2n chromosomes. The genome contains all the genetic material of a plant. The higher the more theploïdiegraad chromosomes and the greater are generally the fruits. The wild plants are usually diploid, have little fruit pulp and contain many hard seeds. Edible bananas would among other things have arisen from the Chinese banana and the flour banana by the occurrence of fruiting without pollination (parthenocarpie) and abnormal meiosis (see image). Within the Eumusa section there are of the species Musa acuminata

<p lang="en" len="274" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Within the Eumusa section of the crossing Musa acuminata × Musa balbisiana
 * breeds with the genome AA (diploid)
 * varieties with the genome AAA (triploid)
 * varieties with the genome AAAA (tetraploid)

<p lang="en" len="95" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Within the Eumusa section are there from the junction Musa acuminata × Musa schizocarpa
 * varieties with the genome AB (diploid)
 * varieties with the genome AAB (triploid)
 * varieties with the genome ABB (triploid)
 * varieties with the genome AABB (tetraploid)

<p lang="en" len="37" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the Australimusa section are there
 * varieties with the genome AS (diploid), which grow in Papua New Guinea

<p lang="en" len="62" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">From the intersections of the sections Australimusa Eumusa × there are
 * varieties with the genome Fe'i


 * varieties with the genome AT (diploid)
 * varieties with the genome ATH (triploid)
 * varieties with the genome ABBT (tetraploid)

Genome type AA

 * Genome type AA
 * Sucrier
 * Synonyms: Golden banana, Pisang Mas (Malaysia, Indonesia), Kulai Khai (Thailand), Amas (Australia), Susyakadali (India), Honey
 * Pisang Ambon Putih
 * Pisang Jari Buaya
 * Pisang Lilin
 * Inarnibal
 * Lakatan
 * Synonyms: Pisang Berangan, Pisang Barangan (Indonesia) (Malaysia), Pisang Masak hijau (Malaysia)
 * Rose
 * Senorita
 * TutuGla
 * Calcutta-4
 * Kadali
 * Matti
 * Pahang
 * Borneo
 * Galeo
 * Paka
 * Bie Yeng
 * Niyarma Yik

Genome type AAA

 * Genome type AAA: fresh consumption
 * Gros Michel was before the outbreak of Panama disease the most grown for export. The best quality banana for export.
 * Synonyms: Bluefields, Pisang Ambon (Malaysia), Disu, Kulai Hom Thong (Thailand)
 * Gros Michel mutants
 * Lowgate
 * Highgate
 * Cocos
 * Cavendish
 * Dwarf Cavendish
 * Synonyms:, Chinese Dwarf banana(Hawaii), Canary Banana, Dwarf Chinese, Arjun (India), Governer (West Indies), Klue hom Chuoi duu (Thailand), Bowl (Viet Nam), Enano (Latin America), Camburi pigmeo (Venezuela), Mayritius, Vamankeli, Kabulee, Jahaji, Bhusawal, Pisang serendah (Malaysia)
 * Dwarf red
 * Giant Cavendish is now the most cultivated banana for export. In particular, the clone Valery (Robusta) by Panama disease and better resistance to the more resistant to high winds.
 * Synonyms: Cavendishbanaan, Mons Mari Williams (North-South Wales), Grand Nain, Giant Arati Pedda Pacha, Harichhal, Borjahaji, Johaji, Governer Bongali (India), Beijiaw (China), Chinese Cavendish, Pisang buai (Malaysia), Honchuchu
 * Red
 * Synonyms: Chenkadali, Lalkel
 * Red Dacca
 * Synonyms: red banana, Cuba banana, Venkadali, Green Red, Pisang raja udang (Malaysia), Morado, Klue nak (Thailand)
 * Ambon Putih
 * Synonyms: Pisang Ambon Putih (Malaysia, Indonesia) Kluai Hom Deck Mai (Thailand), Ambon (Philippines), Pisang Embun
 * Ibota
 * Orotava
 * Rio
 * Robusta
 * Synonyms: Poyobanaan, Robustabanaan, Tall Mons Mari, Saina, Poyo, Valery, Congo
 * Lacatan
 * Synonyms: Monte Cristo, Pisang Mosak Hijau, Giant Fig
 * Yangambi km 5
 * Synonym: Ibota
 * Cavendish Boyo
 * Dacca
 * Synonyms: Pisang mundam (Malaysia), Tafetan verde (Colombia)
 * Genome type AAA: plantain
 * Mutika
 * Lujugira

Genome type AAAA

 * Genome type AAAA: fresh consumption
 * IC 2
 * Bodless
 * Alta fort
 * Pisang Ustrali (Brazil)
 * Golden Beauty

Genome type AB

 * Genome type AB: fresh consumption
 * Ney Poovan
 * 'Synonyms: Chini Champa, Elakki, Nejali, Safed Velchi Poovan, Bale, Kisubi, Sukari
 * Kunnan
 * Kamaramasenge

AAB Genome type

 * AAB genome type: fresh consumption and plantain
 * Iholena
 * Laknau
 * Mysore
 * Synonyms: Colombo, Poovan (India), Honderawala (India), Pisang Ceylan, Pisang keling (Malaysia), Kluai khai farang (Thailand), Palyankodan, Chakrakeli, Motta Poovan Alpon, Karpura, Dora, Kanthali, Fillbasket Vazhai, Thousand Grain
 * Lady Finger
 * Synonym: Baby banana, banana fig, Pinyin Pacha Naadan, Pisang susu
 * Silk
 * Synonyms: Apple (Hawaii) (Apple banana), Malbhog, (Pisang) Rasthali (Malaysia), Pisang Raya Lemongrass (Indonesia), Latundan (Philippines), Salsikola, Amritpani, Worandong, Sugar, Mortman, Cantong, Tundan
 * Extended South
 * Synonyms: Patra, Figue Famille, Dwarf Petra, Pachanadan, Vannan, Sirumalai, Virupakshi, Pisang kelat jambi (Malaysia), Brazilian banana (Hawaii)
 * Pisang Nangka
 * Raja
 * Synonyms: Pisang Raja (Malaysia, Indonesia), Raja (Philippines), Houdir, Larip, Grindi
 * Horn
 * Synonyms: Pisang Tanduk, Tindok, Klui Nga Chang
 * Nendra Padaththi
 * Pisang Kelat
 * Pisang Seribu
 * Synonym: Klue roi wee (Thailand)
 * Nadan
 * Maia Maoli
 * Synonyms: Popoulu, Comino, Pompo Vudi Bawa
 * Maca
 * Hari
 * Synonyms: Red Jamaica, Cuban

Plantain group

 * Plantains Plantain group:
 * Dwarf French Plantain
 * French Plantain groepsras
 * Giant
 * Nendran (India)
 * Green French
 * Synonyms: Plantain, cooking banana, flour banana
 * Black French
 * Synonym: Rajeli
 * Pink French
 * Red Plantain
 * Bugaoisan (Philippines)
 * Bong
 * Zanzibar
 * Harton
 * AVP-67
 * Gonja
 * Amou
 * Bobby Tannap
 * Akpakpak
 * Obino L'Ewai
 * Psi-Psi
 * Owang
 * Terra Bend Mossenjo
 * French Clair
 * Amou
 * Obel
 * Mibotoko
 * French Sombre
 * Orishele
 * Ntanga
 * Laknao
 * Tiger
 * Maqueño
 * Synonyms: Dominico (Colombia), Platano negro, Platano ' Madre del Platanar ' (Colombia)
 * False Horn Plantain groepsras
 * Agbagba
 * Esang
 * Corne
 * Red Ebanga
 * Ebanga
 * Bia Ebanga
 * Horn Plantain groepsras
 * Synonyms: Horn Horn meal plan now, plane-tree, Pisang long (Malaysia), tandok (Indonesia), Tindok, Tundoc Pisang, Kluai nga chang (Thailand)
 * Three Hand Plenty
 * Ubok Iba
 * Daluyo
 * One Hand Plenty
 * Gabon
 * Orinoco

Genome type AAAB

 * Genome type AAAB: fresh consumption
 * Atan
 * Gold Finger

Genome type ABB

 * ABB genome type: plantain
 * Bluggoe
 * Synonyms: Pisang Kepok (Indonesia), Pisang abu keling (Indonesia), Pisang Abu Keling, Kluai Heel Muk (Thailand), Nalla Bontha (India), Moko (Trinidad), Bankel Cachaco, Kachkel,
 * Silver Bluggoe
 * Pisang Awak (Indonesia, Malaysia)
 * Synonyms: Ducasse (Australia), Katali (Philippines), Kluai Namwa (Thailand), Pisang Klotok (Indonesia), Kanpuravalli (India), Kothia, Karpoorvalli, M
 * Da Jiao (China)
 * Fen Da Jiao (China)
 * Monthan
 * Kalapua
 * Teparod Klue
 * Saba
 * Synonyms: Papaya banana, Cardaba (Philippines), Kluai Hin (Thailand)
 * Pelipita
 * Ney Mannan
 * Peyan
 * Bagnar
 * Synonym: Bhos
 * Batissa
 * Pelipeta
 * Cardaba
 * Muthia
 * Maqueno
 * Burro CEMSA
 * Blue Java

Genome type ABBB

 * Tiparot
 * Synonyms: Pisang abu Siam (Malaysia), Pisang batu (Malaysia), Balongkaue (Philippines), Kluai pli hai (Thailand), Kluai sangkivo (Thailand)

BBB Genome type

 * BBB genome type: plantain
 * Saba (Philippines)
 * Synonyms: Cardaba (Philippines), Kluai Hin (Thailand), Pisang Nadig (Malaysia)
 * Cardaba
 * Bhimkel
 * Pisang Kepok
 * Pisang Nepah
 * Pisang Nipah Kluaittin
 * Attiakol
 * Gubao

Genome type AABB

 * Genome AABB type: fresh consumption
 * Goldfinger
 * Kalamagol
 * ' Der Laknau '
 * Kalamagol

Genome type AT

 * Genome type AT
 * Umbubu

Genome type ATH

 * Genome type ATH
 * Karoina
 * Mayalopa
 * Sar

Genome type ABBT

 * Genome type ABBT
 * Y 2
 * Giant Kalapua
 * Genome type Shaft
 * Ato
 * Kais
 * Ungota
 * Vunamami

Genome types Fe'i

 * Genome types Fe'i
 * Menei
 * Rimina
 * Utafan
 * Wain
 * A.javed

Bananadine-hoax
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the 1960s the United States stakes in rumours that the banana peel could be used as drugs . Thishoax Bananadine-was used by several musicians as subject.

Expressions

 * The Dutch expression you're the pisang is synonymous to you are the marylou or you are the cigar.
 * That man is a weird pisang
 * Go like a banana or go with that banana
 * Banana Republic