Monarchy in Netherlands

The Dutch monarchy is still relatively young. They began in 1806 when Louis Napoleon was appointed by Napoleon Bonaparte King of Holland. It was continued in 1813 whenWillem Frederik from the House of Orange-Nassau, a son of stadtholder William V, the title Prince of the United Netherlands was accepted. Previously, the then Netherlands short time a vassal state of the first French Empire and a Republic, after the monarchy in 1581 by the Kings of the House of Habsburg was renounced.



Content
[hide] *1 history  ==For History[ Edit] == In the middle ages there were in the Netherlands many monarchies that ruled over the different counties and Duchies. This power was mainly obtained through arranged marriages. In the Burgundian period knew the Dukes of Burgundy under their authority to unite more and more regions.
 * 2 Kingdom of Holland (1806-1810)
 * 3 United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815-1830)
 * 4 the monarchy in peril
 * 5 the House of Orange-Nassau
 * 5.1 the House Nassau
 * 5.2 Prince of Orange-Nassau
 * 6 Position and powers
 * 7 filiation or succession
 * 7.1 Kings and Queens of the Netherlands
 * 7.1.1 timeline
 * 7.2 Princes of Orange (Crown Princes)
 * 7.3 Succession
 * 8 see also
 * 9 external links

By the marriage of Mary of Burgundy Maximilian of Austria came with the regions in Habsburg hands. Their grandson, the Roman Emperor Charles V, as Danvers of the Netherlands even more regions and made the Habsburg Netherlands to a reasonable complete whole of seventeen provinces. Charles successor Philip II continued with the internal unification and the centralisation of authority. This called so much resistance on that separated the northern Netherlands itself. The rebel regions left the Spanish King In 1581 with the Act of abjuration. This was to pave the way for a new Danvers, the Duke of Anjou. This was not a success and Anjou died in 1584. His intended successor Elizabeth I of England refused to accept sovereignty over the Netherlands but sent the Earl of Leicester with troops. Also this was a fiasco. One stopped the search for a suitable Danvers and so were the rebellious regions after 1588, a Republic of the United Provinces in which the Union of Utrecht as Constitution was used. The power in the United Provinces de facto next lain at the States General. Although Italy all the necessary city republics knew was this political system for an area of this size a novum. Even after the French Revolution were countries generally regarded as being the property of the monarch and could be inherited as such, merged and divided. In the southern Netherlands ruled Spanish and of a patchwork of regions that rejected and their privileges severely saved central authority.

The positions of the successive stadtholders from the houses of Orange and Nassau-Dietz were not strong enough to be monarchs . They were the "servant of the States".

In 1750 was William IV, Prince of Orange, very against the wishes of the Regents and the States of Holland, to declared hereditary Stadholder . Could he and his son and successorWilliam V, Prince of Orange not as monarchs occur. The Republican tradition was too strong. William V fled to England in 1795 after the occupation by the armies of the French Republic in the first coalition war. He spent the last ten years of his life as an exile in the Hampton Court Palace and in the Slot Oranienstein. ==Kingdom of Holland (1806-1810)[ Edit] == The northern Netherlands were thereupon with help of the French occupying forces the Batavian Republic, who in 1801 was replaced by the Batavian Republic. On 24 may 1806closed the Batavian Republic a treaty with Napoleon's Foreign Minister, Talleyrand, in which it was agreed to introduce a hereditary monarchy in Netherlands. [1]  So got under the name Kingdom of Holland Netherlands its first constitutional King; Napoleon's younger brother, Louis Napoleon. The Dutch arranged themselves in the inevitable and not unsympathetic Louis Napoleon was even popular. In the eyes of Louis Napoleon promoted to the Dutch interests well and he was deposed. Then settled on Napoleon in 1810 the young Kingdom to France. From 1810 to 1813, the northern and the Southern Netherlands thus part of the first French Empire (the southern Netherlands were annexed by France in 1795).

The British Foreign Secretary Castlereagh summed up in 1813 after Napoleon's failed Russian campaign the plan on the House of Orange as to bring back monarchy in a strengthened Holland, extended with the southern Netherlands to serve as a buffer against France it might be too intrusive. For the year 1813, the Prince of Orange, meanwhile, back in London, by the British with the title Prince of the Netherlands<sup class="noprint nopopups" len="372" style="line-height:1;">[citation needed]. The planned rebellion in the low countries by the Orange Legion, consisting of French prisoners with the Dutch nationality, had to coincide with the advance of the Allied armies. ==United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815-1830)<span class="mw-editsection" len="376" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At the end of 1813 came at the request of the triumvirate, a son of stadtholder Willem FrederikWillem V, to the Hague. He commanded the British and Dutch troops that fought against the French. In november 1813 wrote Walker first Foreign Minister Gijsbert Karel van hogendorp to Castlereagh:


 * The Prince is a sovereign monarch, nobody knows him, but everyone considers him as such. Of course can only make him the nation to frost, but his title depends on agreement between the powers.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Van hogendorp asked Castlereagh to solve the issue of Walker future status. On 2 december 1813 William accepted the title Prince. That he could do because the fierce Republican and anti-orangist sentiment in Holland and the other regions were greatly diminished. It plans to Foundation of a new Kingdom to the low countries by the sea in the Treaty of Chaumont was on 9 March 1814 by the major powers committed. On 16 March 1815 appointed Willem himself to William I, King of the Netherlands.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">William I tried, among other things, to safeguard the interests of his family by setting the principle of ' hereditary kingship '. In it, he was supported by the British and other allies. They wanted a strong monarchy to the North of France and William was closely related to the British and Prussian royalty. There existed in this period at the Dutchmen with nostalgia for the Republic a strong opposition to the kingship<sup class="noprint nopopups" len="344" style="line-height:1;">[source?]. OrangistGijsbert Karel van hogendorp made sure with his Constitution could consolidate his position for that Willem: since then the kingship over on his ' legitimate ' (by Willem itself as legitimate determined) successors.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The current Kingdom of the Netherlands includes Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. ==The monarchy in peril<span class="mw-editsection" len="351" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p lang="en" len="123" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The monarchy is in danger several times but always have the Orange House can restore their popularity.

==The House Of Orange-Nassau<span class="mw-editsection" len="351" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The House of Orange-Nassau stems from the House of Nassau, a family from Germany. Progenitor of the House of Nassau was Walram of laurenburg (ca. 1146-1198), the first count of Nassau. His son Henry the richof Nassau (ca. 1180-ca. 1250) was married to Machteld of guelders and got a number of sons, Walram of which (c. 1220 – c. 1276) and Otto (presumably died in 1289) and inherited their father's possessions that later broke up. The House of Orange-Nassau stems historically from Otto, the Ottonian line of the House of Nassau.
 * In 1830 was William I from his southern capital Brussels driven out. He could retain his authority in the North but lost a part of his Kingdom.
 * In 1848 a revolution threatened Willem II and chose the solution of a constitutional monarchy with a King who is not a member of the policy-making Council of Ministers was. The ministers were responsible for theinviolable, but without cooperation of ministers powerless, King.
 * William III was at the end of his reign completely unpredictable and very unpopular. It has Queen Regent Emma and Wilhelmina much difficulty to restore the prestige of the King House.
 * Between 1890 and 1909, there was only one Orange-Nassau in life and threatened the House of Orange-Nassau to die out. A kingship of a German related, which according to the Constitution of that time had the right to follow in Netherlands, Wilhelmina would have had little support. Only after the Second World War the family was so large that the threat of extinction was averted.
 * In november 1918 he announced Troelstra that would organize a revolution. When a group of organized workers to the Noordeinde Palace would be built would have fallen because the monarchy probably prevailed on the Government indecision and defeatism. One seemed at the fall of the monarchy, after those of no less than 20 other European royal houses in that one fall to have deposited. Troelstra left the favorable moment passing. A "spontaneously organized" demonstration on the Malieveld and Gin did turn the tide handed out.
 * Netherlands was occupied In 1940 and went Queen and Government in exile.
 * In 1956 Queen and Prince were engaged in a fierce marital quarrel that one the Greet Hofmans affair is going to mention. Between Queen and Council of Ministers were large differences in understanding and the Prime Minister Willem Drees difficult to let the situation cool down.
 * In 1976 came Prince Bernhard the talk of the town in the Lockheed affair. The Committee of three, set to investigate, concluded that acts of the Prince Bernhard had let itself be inadmissibly with u.s. aircraft manufacturer. The cabinet Den Uyl was now a dilemma. If chosen for criminal prosecution of the Prince, it was probably that Queen Juliana would resign and that her mother Crown Princess Beatrix in that case wouldn't want to follow up. The monarchy wobbled. The Cabinet chose after long deliberation for the Prince publicly to censure and to deprive him his military functions. Criminal prosecution stayed out. The involvement of the Prince at a smeergeld affair of the American airplane manufacturer Northrop that year remained underexposed. This matter fell outside the remit of the Commission and was only mentioned in an appendix, not public made that Den Uyl. The Lockheed affair only was already stressful enough. Den Uyl became because of its handling of this sensitive issue as Savior of the monarchy praised.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The House of Orange-Nassau began in 1544, when William I, count of Nassau-Dillenburg (1533-1584), known as William of Orange or William the silent, the Southern French Principality of Orange in Breda inherited from his cousin René of châlon (officially René, count of Nassau and Prince of châlon-orange), the son of Walker Uncle Henry III of Nassau-Breda.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At the Principality also heard the title Prince of Orange and the motto of Chalon, Je maintiendrai Châlon. After the death of King-stadtholder William III in 1702 to 1732 would both the House of Orange-Nassau as theHouse Hohenzollern make claim to the title. According to the tract of Partage, however, both houses retained the right to the title Prince of Orange. Because King-Stadholder William III died after his death had no legitimate successor, the Phoenix branch of William of Orange from the House of Orange-Nassau and went further in the so-called Frisian branch, the descendants of Walker brother John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg. Since then, the members of the Royal family no longer in the male line of William the silent af (apart through multiple branches in the female line). ===The House Of Nassau<span class="mw-editsection" len="344" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">With the death of King William III in 1890 died the Ottonian line of the House of Nassau in male line from. The Dutch kingship went over on the female line via Wilhelmina, daughter of King William III and his second wife,Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont. Luxembourg then went with Grand Duke Adolf of Luxembourg (1817-1905) over on the Walramse Board, this because in the end of the 19th century legal Luxembourg female succession was not yet possible (by the so-called Salic law). ===Prince of Orange-Nassau<span class="mw-editsection" len="352" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The title Prince of Orange-Nassau is worn by many descendants of William of Orange, but was sometimes interspersed with Prince of Orange and Nassau. When Queen Wilhelmina of Netherlands in 1901, marriedHenry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin threatened from the element of Orange-Nassau Nassau to be lost. This was to come up with a job on a treaty that the different branches of the House of Nassau in 1736 locks.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">According to the current Law membership Royal House carry the King, his presumed successor and the King who has waived the kingship the title Prince(SS) of Orange-Nassau. Other members of the Royal family can get this title at Royal Decree, at least only as individual, non-hereditary title. Also by Royal Decree the individual title Prince(SS) of Orange-Nassau are awarded to former members of the Royal family. ==Position and powers<span class="mw-editsection" len="352" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">"The King is inviolable, the ministers are responsible"; with this sentence is the position of the Royal family to date arranged through the efforts of the Liberal statesman Johan Rudolph Thorbecke. In the Constitution of1848 were the powers and inheritance issues of the King House further developed and documented.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The power and competences of the King as that were before 1848 are still visible in the constitutional terms. So is still of Royal Decrees, which are used to establish General rules and for all kinds of key appointments in the areas of local government and judiciary. Government decisions would be a more accurate term: they are decisions of the Government. They are signed by the King, but under the responsibility of the ministers. That responsibility is visible through the so-called contraseign: the co-ontertekenen by the Minister in whose area the decision lies.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">To 2012 played the King at the cabinet formation typically an important role, for example in the appointment of the cabinet formateur. It had to be, as much as possible, to reflect the opinions of the Group Chairmen from the House of representatives.

<p lang="en" len="292" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For the ratification of a formal law is also signed by the responsible member of both the King if necessary.

<p lang="en" len="47" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition, the King a ceremonial job. ==Filiation and succession<span class="mw-editsection" len="362" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Late 18th century Netherlands was conquered by France. The French Emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte, made by a Netherlands Kingdom and put his brother, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, on the throne. He was the first Dutch monarch in 1806. From 1813, however, control of the House of Orange-Nassau. ===Kings and Queens of the Netherlands<span class="mw-editsection" len="369" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ====Timeline<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p len="2100" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;"> ===Princes of Orange (Crown Princes)<span class="mw-editsection" len="363" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">According to the law the only male successors were given the title "Prince of Orange". By the change in the law in 2002 received the female successors now also the title Princess of Orange. Princess Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands got on 30 april 2013 as first ever the title Princess of Orange. ===Succession<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In principle the kingship in the event of the death of the King about on his legitimate descendants, with the oldest child takes precedence. The exact rules for the succession laid down in the Constitution (article 24 to 31<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[3] ). Striking is the article in which it is stated that an unborn child is considered as born for the succession, unless the child death in the world; then it shall be deemed never to have existed. Might be interesting to mention is, that the succession according to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands is different in the Dutch Constitution. To the Statute refers to the legitimate descendants of Queen Juliana and not of William I;Article 1: the Crown of the Kingdom becomes hereditary worn by her Majesty Juliana, Princess of Orange-Nassau and at follow-up by her legitimate successors. This is explained from the time of creation of the Statute.According to the rules in the Constitution are the heirs at the moment: