Ulysses (novel)

Ulysses is a novel published in 1920 by James Joyce. In General, Ulysses, along with the also appeared in 1922 poem The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot, seen as the main exponent of the modernist literature.

By are often sensitive and confrontational themes Ulysses was long time the subject of controversy, especially the fact that he was repeatedly refers explicitly to sex Joyce not readily accepted. This resulted in a long-term ban on the book in the United States, the United Kingdom and the Irish Republic.Allegedly, Ulysses, after the Bible and the Odyssey of Homer, the most studied book is in the literature science. Still, scientists are divided over whetherUlysses a overrated piece ego trips or an absolute masterpiece is. It is undoubtedly also a little accessible book for the general public: many are started but only very few maintain to the end. In a by the English newspaper The Guardian in 2007 organized election of the least exquisite books ever ended Ulysses generous in top-10 with a third place[1] .



Content
[hide] *Period 1  ==Period[ Edit] == Ulysses was written in the period between 1914 and 1920 and tells the story of Leopold Bloom on what otherwise would have been an ordinary day, 16 June 1904. Ulysses is partially a sequel to Joyce (semi-) autobiographical novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, as the first three chapters in particular go about Stephen Dedalus, Joyce's literary alter ego and main character ofA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The title of the book is a corrupted form of the Latin name for Odysseus, Ulixes, the hero of Homer 's Odyssey", the chapters of the book are based on chapters from the Odyssey, although the Wandering Rocks chapter refers to the myth of Jason and the Argonauts, also known as the Golden Fleece. ===Publication[ Edit] === The book was still while Joyce wrote (1914-1921) from 1918 in episodes published in the American Journal The Little Review. However, this publication was discontinued after the appearance of the Nausicaä episode (Chapter 13) after a complaint was filed against the Publisher for publishing obscene material. In 1919 were also single pieces published in the English literary journalThe Egoist. The complaint against The Litte Review that was treated in 1921 would culminate in a publication ban on the book in the United States of America that would be lifted only in 1933 After Publisher Random House consciously enter and left a copy of a French Edition by the Customs take left with the intention of bring the case back before the Court. This time it was decided in favor of the Publisher and the book could also be issued and sold in the United States. Also in the United Kingdom, the book was banned in the 1930s and up to the first English pressure only in 1936 by The Bodley Head Publishing House.
 * 1.1 Publication
 * 2 Style discussion
 * 2.1 Symbolism and style
 * 2.2 structure and short Content
 * 3 things to know
 * 3.1 Dutch translations and the first sentence
 * 3.2 Penelope
 * 3.3 Operations
 * 3.4 Rating
 * 4 external link

Blocked by a publication prohibition in both the United States and the United Kingdom served Joyce eventually to fall back on the proposal to publication that was him done by Sylvia Beach.This American drove into the Paris bookshop Shakespeare and Company where Joyce, who lived in Paris, regularly coming around. They began to express a first edition of 1,000 pieces at the French printer Darantière in Dijon. The first copy was delivered on Joyce ' 40th anniversary, 2 February 1922. This first edition would know, another 10 reprints from 1924 before the book would show up at mainstream publishing houses.

Again In 1984, there was a stir in the literary world when the so-called "G"-Edition was issued. This was the result of seven years of research of original manuscripts, drafts and proofs for the first printing, by a team led by Walter Gabler. The end result yielded a new version on with several thousand, usually small improvements (typos, punctuation), but in some cases also additions of multiple words. However, the method used by Gabler was soon taken under fire, among others by John Kidd of the James Joyce Research Center at Boston University. As a result of the criticism Publishing House Random House from 1990 decided to return to the United Kingdom edition of 1961 and in hold the Bodley Head back to the text version of 1960. ==Style Discussion<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Symbolism and style<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">Ulysses is a bulky volume, most editions count between 800 and 1000 pages. At first glance the story unstructured, chaotic and confusing. In fact Ulysses carefully composed-Joyce is there ingeniously managed to make the structure invisible unless one is looking specifically. Some time after the book was published, are two schedules become well known that expose links with theOdyssey, as well as many internal structure explain. Also brought Joyce's unofficial Secretary, Stuart Gilbert, a (by Joyce approved) book that contained one of these schedules and thus the reader a guide to better understanding of Ulysses. Much to the confusion of everyone the two schemes differ in certain places, it also turns out that the book contradicts itself sometimes. The consensus is nowadays that a combination of both schedules a correct overview. Apart from this, the first edition of the book in France and was the partially redacted by non-English speakers, as was shown when the original manuscript again not long ago has been viewed and countless enigmatic jokes etc. just on reading and transcription errors were found to be based, and-vice versa-lots of fun were erroneously referred to by Joyce since for errors and therefore by the editors "improved".

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">Joyce recreates in his personal account a new world of myths and symbols, based on the wanderings of Odysseus, the Greek classical hero with the Odyssey as floor plan. The wanderings of his heroes do not take more than eighteen hours. Initially wanted to Joyce that all chapters also had the Homeric titles, however, later he decided to let the chapters titelloos in the print version of his book.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">Virtually all episodes in the book find their blueprint in one of the adventures of Odysseus. Ulysses is a universal book: the created image can be interpreted on many levels. Joyce tried to recreate the body with Ulysses, he did this by each chapter an organ or other body part to seize as a starting point, regardless of the fact that virtually every chapter has its own color and art.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">Joyce uses the Stream of consciousness-either monologue intérieur-technique, a writing style that aspires the thoughts of the characters to display on true-to-life way. This results in Ulyssesand even more so in Joyce's last work, Finnegans Wake, in a sometimes difficult to understand flow of words. In Ulysses are in particular chapter three, Proteus, and the last chapter, Penelope,Penelope testifying of this: for example consists of only eight sentences that all in all some thirty to forty pages. These phrases form a thought stream of Molly, Blooms woman. In her thoughts pass under more cheating and sex the revue and this is one of the chapters to which moralists most offensive names. ===Structure and short Content<span class="mw-editsection" len="346" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="38" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">The English titles of the chapters:

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">6. Hades  7. Aeolus  8. Lestrygonians  9. Scylla and Charybdis  10. The Wandering Rocks <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">11. Sirens  12. Cyclops  13. Nausicaa  14. Oxen of the Sun <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">15. Circe  16. Eumaeus  17. Ithaca  18. Penelope
 * 1) Telemachus
 * 2) Nestor
 * 3) Proteus
 * 4) Calypso
 * 5) Lotus Eaters

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">The first three chapters introduce Stephen Dedalus, the protagonist of Joyce's earlier novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. We find him at eight o'clock in the morning in the tower where he lives with Buck Mulligan and an Englishman, Haines. In the first chapter, we see the men's breakfast, after which Dedalus to works. In the second episode we see him exercise his work, teaching, and he his salary after his lesson looks at the head master. The third chapter shows him as he walks along the beach and all kinds of complex topics in mind stopping by, as several theories of Aristotle. He also shows an ordinary person to be: he is the sight of passing young ladies pleasure and extensive extracts in his nose.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">In the second part appears the other main character, Leopold Bloom enters the scene. It's eight o'clock in the morning on the same day and the reader sees Bloom while he prepare a breakfast for his wife, the voluptuous singer Marion (Molly) Bloom-Tweedy. Next, we see him shopping, visit a funeral, his work as a advertentieman exercise, lunch, et cetera.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">In the last three chapters run Joyce in the homecoming Antipodes on by Eumaeus, Ithaka and Stephen Dedalus and Leopold Bloom Penelope as at the end of the day end up talking hitting, after Bloom Dedalus is followed to the red light district of Dublin. Dedalus gets intoxicated and in this state he finds himself in a sticky situation with two British soldiers. Bloom appalled him and together they put their trip on. They first stay here in a cafe for the drivers of the rental vehicles. After this Bloom invites Dedalus at his home, where they come only after much effort, the master of the House there are key password turns out to be. It is late and Stephen get on, after refusing to continue staying invitation Blooms. Leopold Bloom only remains behind and goes to bed. In the last chapter shifts the focus to Joyce Molly, Blooms woman, and the book is a few memorable with her inner monologue. ==To Be Known<span class="mw-editsection" len="334" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Dutch translations and the first sentence<span class="mw-editsection" len="361" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">A first English translation came in 1969 by John Vandenbergh and published by the busy bee. In 1994, also by de Bezige Bij, a new translation by the duo Paul Callahan and Mon Nys issued.In 2012, the publishing house Athenaeum-Polak & Van Gennep a new translation under the title Ulixes by Robbert-Jan Erik bindervoet and Henkes.

<p lang="en" len="157" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">The first sentence of Ulysses: "Stately, plump Buck Mulligan came from the stairhead, bearing a bowl of lather on which a mirror and a razor lay crossed."

<p lang="en" len="22" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">Dutch translation:

<p lang="en" len="139" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">"Stately came the fleshy Buck Mulligan of the stairwell, in the hands a basin full of foam which crosswise a mirror and a razor."

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">(Trans. John Vandenbergh; De Bezige Bij, 1969)

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">"Stately came the thick Buck Mulligan from the stairwell. He wore a bowl SOAP foam on which a mirror and a razor crossed layers. "

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">(Trans. Paul Caldwell & Mon Nys; De Bezige Bij, 1994)

<p lang="en" len="124" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">"Stately plump Buck Mulligan came from the stairwell with a pelvic foam on which a mirror and a razor lay crossed."

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">(TRANS. Erik bindervoet and Henkes Robbert-Jan; Athenaeum-Polak & Van Gennep, 2012) ===Penelope<span class="mw-editsection" len="329" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">The last chapter of Ulysses consists of eight enormous sentences (each pages long, without punctuation), written from the point of view of Leopold Blooms wife Molly (in this chapter in the capacity of Odysseus ' wife Penelope). She philosophizes for themselves, among other things, about sex, cheating, her past and her marriage. Kate Bush used parts of the last sentence as a text for her song The Sensual World. ===Operations<span class="mw-editsection" len="332" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">In 1958, a stage adaptation of the book Ulysses in Nighttown with Zero Mostelin the lead role. It was revived in the 1970s.

<p lang="en" len="603" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">In 1967 a first film version of the book, directed by Joseph Strick, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for best edited scenario.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">On Bloomsday 1980 led the Irish actor Eamon Morrissey in the Abbey Theatre for the first time the one- Joyceman on manshow. the performance consisted of excerpts from the book, ranging from breakfast to Molly's monologue, with Blooms as a bouncer the Cyclopescafé hassle out of chapter, in which the actor for all roles. The performance world-wide would run until the end of the 1980s.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">On Bloomsday 1982 RTE, the Irish State broadcast transmitter, a dramatized reading of Ulysses full out. The continuous broadcast lasted 29 hours and 45 minutes and was subsequently released on cd and in MP3 format. In 1993 the BBC sent a similar more concise version that lasted 5 hours and 50 minutes.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">In 2003, Bloom appeared the film starring Stephen Rea.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">The full text of Ulysses was released in 2004 by Naxos Recordson 22 CDs, read by Jim Norton, and Marcella Riordan. ===Rating<span class="mw-editsection" len="332" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:20.3636360168457px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.63636302948px;">Ulysses was elected in 1999 at number 1 in Modern Library's list of the 100 best English-language Novels. In 1999, the book was also included in Le Mondes election of the 100 best books of the century and in 2002 in the list of most important books of world literature (composition Swedish Academy). In 2003, the book for the Big Readin list.