Tennis

Tennis is a ball game for two players (singles) or pairs (doubles), taking a ball from an average of 67 mm diameter (usually yellow with white line) with a racket about a net should be played.

Tennis originated in France and is in its modern form played since 1873. The name is derived from the French word "tenez!" – in the Dutch: "suit on!! (the ball)! ".

In tennis the ball must play over the net on the half of the opponent (s) be beaten. The goal is to make the opponent (s) in the same way the ball impossible to hit back.The sport is practiced in both recreational and competition. Tennis players by competitions and tennis players for pleasure are generally member of tennis associations.The Dutch umbrella organisation for the tennis sport is the ROYAL DUTCH LAWN TENNIS FEDERATION (Koninklijke Nederlandse Lawn Tennis Bond). In Belgium that the VTV (Flanders) and AFT (Wallonia).

In any tennis season, there are four major tennis tournaments, called Grand Slams. Played the Australian Open In January, around may and June the gravel tournamentRoland Garrostournament in June and July, the grass of Wimbledon, and finally the US Open in August and september.



Content
[hide] *1 History 
 * 1.1 Tennis in Belgium
 * the field 2
 * 2.1 Play ground
 * 3 game rules
 * 3.1 Serving
 * 3.2 types of strokes
 * 4 Materials
 * 4.1 Balls
 * 4.2 Clothing
 * 4.3 Tennis rackets
 * 5 Points count
 * 6 History scoring system
 * 7 race officials
 * 8 Records
 * 8.1 World duurrecord
 * 8.2 Fastest tennis storage
 * 8.3 Shortest set
 * 8.4 Record contest Mahut-Isner
 * 8.5 other memorable prof parties
 * types of tennis 9
 * 9.1 Competition tennis
 * 9.2 Umbrella bodies for professional tennis
 * 10 see also
 * 11 external links

The field
The playing field is divided into two halves by a net that hangs in the middle. Each of the two halves is divided into three areas: a back face, and two for surfaces (service courses). The line between the two halves is called the center line and the rear line called the baseline (often also called baseline). The field and the various subjects are separated by white lines, which apply as part of the playing field. A batted ball that off the field under the opponent is captured (i.e. even the line no longer hits) is ' off ' and delivers the opponent a point on. In singles under the field bounded by the inner side lines. In doubles, the outer side lines used. (Both side lines are together referred to as the ' tram rails.)

Play Ground
Tennis is played on different types of surface. In the professional circuit is mainly played on grass, clay and Hardcourt. Since 2009 is hardly played on carpet.


 * Grass (also called called lawntennis )
 * Artificial Grass
 * Gravel (red, ground brick or green, ground basalt)
 * French Court (artificial, red finer cover than gravel, on a carpet to the drainage layer hedging/drainage not to let silting)
 * Canada Tenn (something coarser than clay)
 * Hard court (cement/concrete),
 * Indoor (art floor)
 * Carpet
 * Smash court (artificial grass filled with very fine ceramic material)

Serve
The ball is from behind the back line, the baseline, brought into the game with the storage, where the ball is thrown up with one hand and with the racket in the other hand is struck. Storage and service is the same. This can be done overhand and underhand (underhand serve is allowed, but experienced players took advantage to an overhand service). The ball should come down without hitting the net in the front pocket of the opponent, diagonally relative to the side from which it serves. If the ball hits the net (and in the service-box comes up) one gets called a "let" and should be done about the storage, but if the ball is outside the service box is an error. This "let" phenomenon may repeat itself to infinity, without the point goes to the opponent.

A repulsed serve battle is called a return. A non-touched by the opponent, correct serve battle is called an ace. A ball that is struck on the netrand is a netball.

One may do wrong once service (storage) without direct point loss. At the second wrong storage, called a double fault, the point to the opponent. It is not the end line when serving with the feet (and) hit before the ball hit is: when the service is always a foot error error, even though the ball into the right box. The storage turn rotates per game. Who well serves generally has more chance to win the game, all this is true to a lesser extent at ladies. Turn one's own storage loses, then the opponent has ' broken ' by the storage or this one (service) break realized.

Types of strokes

 * Forehand -battle with the palm of the hand is held forward play. The forehand can be useful if both single hand double struck. A two-handed forehand is rarely played.
 * Backhand -battle in which the back of the hand is held forward play. The backhand can be useful if both single hand double struck.
 * -Long Groundstroke battle, which covers the whole playing field, as it were.
 * Slice/ Backspin -backhand slice forehand slice and to distinguish themselves in. Technique in which backward effect is achieved by the ball with a downward motion and tilted backwards a light racket to play.
 * Topspin -forehandspin and backhandspin to distinguish themselves in. Technique in which forward effect is achieved by the ball with an upward motion and a light forward tilted racket to play.
 * Drop shot-battle where the player plays the ball in such a way that those so fast and steep possible right behind the net hit the ground and opstuit as little as possible.
 * Lob-battle where the player plays the ball over the opponent at the net while this state back.
 * Smash -battle in which a high ball (usually without encountering) above the head, with force is played, so by a pitch movement similar to the storage.
 * Volley-battle of a ball that has not encountered, both with the forehand and the backhand in principle with a short movement played from a position at the net, you used this battle if you just State.
 * Half-volley-a ball that, usually half in the field standing, right after the breech (so in the upward movement of the ball) is captured.
 * Drive-a battle that during a captures is struck from the air without to bounce on the way of a normal forehand or backhand.
 * Ace -winning storage where the opponent does not touch the ball.

Balls
Size, weight and diameter of the ball are set out: The diameter of the ball should be about 6.7 inches are. Weight approx. 58 grams. The bounce height, if the ball of about 2.5 meters height is released, must be between 1.34 and 1.47 meters. There are also balls without pressure, which are tougher than the ordinary balls and play different. Balls without pressure last longer; they are less likely to soft.

There are in the professional tennis world almost exclusively yellow tennis balls are used. At training can, however, other colors are used. Yellow-green balls are extra soft balls, which are used in Minis (young tennis players, usually up to 7 years). Orange-yellow balls are extra hard. They are very suitable to be fired by balls machines. Balls machines are widely used in training.

Clothing
Especially once played tennis players in white clothing. At Wimbledon is that still obliged, at the other tournaments anymore. Usually by gentlemen a t-shirt or polo shirt with shorts (short) carried. Women wear a tennis dress or a shirt with a tennisrok or a short (or long pants in the winter). Also uses special tennis shoes and possibly tennis gloves.

Points Count
The points are counted according to a system that probably originated in medieval France: 15, 30, 40, game, set and match.

''advantage or disadvantage is called in English advantage. With advantage, there is no difference for the receiver and the server.''
 * A match or match will be played to two sets, although the gentlemen in big tournaments (Grand Slam, masters and Davis Cup) have to win three sets, and it is then up to afive setter plays. For women to play the maximum number of sets is always three.
 * A set is won by the first player to win 6 games, provided that the difference amounts to a minimum of two games. When the display is in a set of 6-5 and the player who wins the next game on 6 State, the 7-5 and the set ended. However, the 6-6 there are two possibilities where the tiebreaker is the most common:
 * by playing until there is a difference of two games is achieved.
 * played a tiebreaker . This can be considered as a particular game and the winner of this tie-break wins the set.
 * One wins a game won by four points, which are counted as 15, 30, 40, and ' game '. Zero points indicates one in English traditionally to with "love". However, also here a difference of two. If the 40-40 (deuce) is then played at least 2 points. First you have advantage (for the server) or disadvantage (for the recipient) and then game, it can take a long time until the game is ultimately won, because the advantage or disadvantage over and over after deuce can be.


 * When one "No-ad" plays the game won after the next point at 40-40 (deuce). The receiver decides in this situation or the point of left or right is begun.

History scoring system
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On an old print from 1615 by Chris pain of Passe is a tennis court, where in addition to tennis balls to see also coins are. This print confirms the theory that there was money very used to be played. A contest was so a battle for a ' bet '. As the currency in the middle ages 60 cents was, it delivers a ' penny ' per point the scores 15, 30 and 45 cents and finally the game on. Nowadays the 45 replaced by 25 (or 5 is ' worn away ') but in texts from the fifteenth century comes the 45 even before.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Another common explanation is, that the points of the game were shown on a clock. The clock was divided into four equal pieces to indicate every four points per game to be won. The pointer was thus put at the first 15, then 30, then at 45 and finally at 60.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The score 40-40 is also called ' deuce ' called. It is said that this word created by corruption of the French term for 40-40: ' quarante deux '. But it could also be that the word ' deuce ' comes from ' deux le jeu '. This means as much as ' to know in the game ', so both players have the same number of points at which stand. Finally there is the French ' deux a jouer "(" two more to play ') where ' deuce ' of can be derived.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Also the term ' love ' for zero points is probably its origin in French. The zero appears on an egg, "l'oeuf" in French. The corruption of this word has led to ' love '.

Race Officials

 * Every professional tennis party is led by a referee (umpire), which on a raised Chair to one end of the net. The referee awards the points, decides in cases of doubt (was the ball out or in?), the compulsory rest breaks and set pieces to, if necessary, gives permission for injury treatment, urination breaks and change shirt (women), and keep enthusiastic players, coaches, parents and other spectators modest in check. The referee at the end of the (usual) party gets a hand from the players.
 * Keep a professional tennis party 8 (sometimes 10) line judges in the holes or the ball inside, on, or falls outside the lines: there are 6 line judges for the vertical lines and 2 (sometimes 4) to the horizontal lines. With call words and/or arm gestures they make their perception clear. A ' uitbal ' and a ' netball ' are always audible indicated.
 * Ball boys and -girls pick up the balls for the players on and ensure that the player who receives the necessary storage has balls. They further provide the players during the game and the breaks what hand services.
 * Since 2007, the referee also be assisted by an electronic system, the Hawk-Eye, which guarded the lines. Every batted ball is followed by a camera circuit; the system produces an animation on request to determine if the ball is in or out. Both players have the right to call the hawkeye three times per set (this is called a challenge). The system was previously used for television broadcasting. In matches on clay is the system is not necessary, because there the evidence shall be constituted by balafdruk.

World duurrecord

 * On the tennis park of tennis club the frogs in Nieuw-Vennep Wilmar established the Fox and Danny van der duurrecord do the world tennis. They played together contiguous 61 hours, 13 minutes and 43 seconds, with which they the old record by almost a quarter sharper suggested.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  this happened from 19 to 21 July 2012. In total they played 51 sets with 138 games.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]  the record is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
 * The World duurrecord in doubles is held by André Poel, Wichard Hagerman, Rob Ha and Sipke de Hoop. These four gentlemen of ZTC (Zuidlaarder Tennis Club) played from 16 to 18 August 2013 57 hours, 32 minutes and 27 seconds of continuous tennis on the tennis park located in zuidlaren. They improved the previous record with (Australian) an hour.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [3]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[4]  In this time they have 46 games played, consisting of 112 sets and 975 games. The record is officially recognized by the Guinness Book of Records.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [5]

Fastest tennis storage

 * Samuel Groth (Australian) established on 9 may 2012, the record for the fastest tennis storage with 263 km/h.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[6]
 * Sabine Lisicki beat In 2014 while WTA tournament in Stanford the hardest service ever with a speed of 210,8 kilometers per hour.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [7]

Shortest set
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">During Wimbledon Igor Sijsling and Ivan Dodig 2013 played against each other in the third round. The first set was by Dodig won by 6-0, in recordtijd a minimum of 14 minutes.

Record Contest Mahut-Isner
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Isner and Mahut played a legendary contest In 2010 on the grass of Wimbledon. The game lasted 22, 23 and 24 June. John Isner won. The final score was 6-4, 3-6, 6-7 (7), 7-6 (3) and 70-68. The match was good for the following records:


 * Longest match (11 hours, 5 minutes)
 * Longest set (the fifth set lasted 8 hours and 11 minutes)
 * Most games in a set (138 in the fifth set)
 * Most games in a match (183)
 * Most aces in a match by 1 player (Isner, 113)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WimbledonWebsite_8-0" len="175" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8]
 * Total number of aces in a match (216)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WimbledonWebsite_8-1" len="175" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8]
 * Most consecutive held services (168; 84 for each player)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[9]

Other memorable prof parties

 * Ivan Lendl vs. Michael Chang, 1989 French open fourth round
 * Steffi Graf vs <u style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1.5em;">Jana Novotn á, final Wimbledon 1993
 * Andy Roddick vs Younes El Aynaoui, quarter final Australian Open 2003
 * Patrick Raftervs. Goran Ivanišević, final Wimbledon 2001 declaring Goran entered the tournament with a wildcard and the Wimbledon title after three previously lost finals finally picked up that anyone granted him.
 * Rafael Nadal vs Roger Federer, Wimbledon 2008 final, in which Roger Federer ' Nadal dethrones King ' gravel as 5-fold champion of Wimbledon in a frenzied 5-setter.
 * Roger Federer vs Andy Roddick, Federer Wimbledon final 2009 genuine can call itself after no less than 77 games winner. (Federer wins 38 games, Roddick 39 games) The final score was 16-14 in the fifth set in favor of Federer. 5-7 7-6 7-6 3-6 16-14

Types of tennis
<p lang="en" len="114" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A distinction should be made between recreational tennis, tennis professional tennis or tennis league and prof.

Competition tennis

 * Umbrella organisations in Netherlands and Belgium.
 * Competition tennis in Netherlands and Belgium.

Umbrella bodies for professional tennis

 * International Tennis Federation -men, women, juniors and seniors
 * Association of Tennis Professionals -men
 * Women's Tennis Association -women