1920-1929

The years 1920-1929 (the Julian calendar), also referred to as the 1920s or twenties, are a decade in the 20th century.



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[hide] *1 events and developments  ==Events and developments[ Edit] == The first decade of the interwar period (the period between the two world wars) is also called called the roaring twenties . hyperinflation;Europe Country style of the Amsterdam School in Garden village Nieuwendam*There are for the first time on a large scale high-quality workers homes built. Top architects as Michel de Klerk and Karel de Bazel are enabled by housing associations in Amsterdam. The impressive new building style that is called the Amsterdam School, is becoming more common in the Dutch street scene, but versobert considerably in the course of the Decade. This is in Amsterdam to see in the Stadium neighborhood, Plan West, and the Transvaal neighbourhoodthe Spaarndammerbuurt . In Rotterdam theNew Build has the upper hand. Point of departure is that the kitchen must be small, lest they will be the day room of the housewife. Climax of the new architecture style: the Chrysler building in New York City is built as the European wave ofart deco reached the U.S.*The United States are after their participation in the war become a world power. There is increasing optimism and economic growth. The use of the growing car and one takes away from many of the social conventions that by the first world war were placed on a slope. ==Science and technique[ Edit] == ==Entertainment[ Edit] == MENU    0: 00 Alberta Hunter sings "Downhearted Blues". Recording from 1922  MENU    0: 00 "Louis Collins" by Mississippi John Hurt. Recording from 1928*Glory years of the pianola. In America comes a new type of music on: the New Orleans Jazz. ==Arts[ Edit] == ==Sports<span class="mw-editsection" len="321" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==
 * 2 science and technology
 * 3 Entertainment
 * Arts 4
 * 5 Sports
 * The Treaty of Versailles Germany overcome heavy falls. The Rhineland was demilitarized, the Saarland placed under French mandate . From 1921 to 1925 French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr area. Germany must do huge reparations in 1923, which lead to hyperinflation with all that entails (there are also writers who claim that the German Government deliberately caused the hyperinflation under the reparations to come out).
 * France, Belgium and the United Kingdom must repay their war credits, and go below just as heavily weighed down as Germany under the reparations. France and the UK can hardly maintain their status of great power. Belgium is a young and promising State all of a sudden become an inner divided country and will never fully recover.
 * There is an idealistic and optimistic spirit in Europe. Most countries now democratically governed, also the new States in Eastern Europe. Exceptions are Italy (fascist), Spain(military) and the Soviet Union (Communist).
 * Germany closes treaties with the West (Treaty of Locarno) and with the Soviet Union (Treaty of Rapallo). The League of Nations post some modest successes.
 * Lenin announces the new economic policy off in 1921. Heavy industry and foreign trade remain in State hands, but farmers and artisans may again take a limited freedom. After the death of Lenin a power struggle breaks out. Bet is whether the forces should be directed at the unleashing of revolutions in other countries (Trotsky), or on the spread of communism in one country (Stalin). Trotsky and Stalin in 1929 flight to Mexico is the most powerful man.
 * The Irish Free State is established in a treaty between the United Kingdom and the moderate wing of Sinn Fein. The Organization fight the groups each other for three months and rips in all its intensity. The first Prime Minister of the free State of Michael Collins is killed by radicals. They are led by Eamon de Valera the opposition party Fianna Fáil (soldiers of destiny). The six northern counties of Ulster remain outside the free State.
 * Liberal democracy in Italy to 60 years is coming to an end as the journalist Benito Mussolini March on Rome in 1922 the organizes. He forms a coalition Government and the opposition and the free press gradually switches off. Fascist thugs dominate the street scene and intimidate any potential opponent of the regime. In 1924, the socialist Giacomo Matteotti beaten to death. With another opponent of the former Liberal State,Pope Pius XI, connect the Lateran Treaty in 1929 Mussolini.
 * The "fascismo di frontiera" (border fascism) is a racial theory based on destruction of non-Italian features in the newly acquired territories. The inhabitants of Primorska, Istria, Dalmatia, Trieste and South Tyrol are all victims of the italianiseren. All these peoples are forced to speak Italian and Italian names in the churches and in public. Italians are encouraged to settle in areas where the Italian culture is dominant, so the Italian culture to impose further. In Western Slovenia are intellectuals, such as priests and teachers, deported to the Interior of Italy or Sardinia, Ventotene, Medea and other prison camps imprisoned. The non-Italian media, political and cultural organizations are forbidden, the non-Italian banking and business is being systematically expropriated.
 * City and country
 * To the city edges rise Garden villages. Family houses in a green area, with educational facilities as a library and community centre, and without drinks premises. Examples areAgneta village in Delft, betondorp in Amsterdam, Knuttel village in Deventer and the garden areas of Brussels.
 * The first land consolidation of agricultural land takes place on Ameland.
 * Beginning of the Zuiderzee works. In 1924, the amsteldiep is ready and is become a peninsula Wieringen . From 1927 the Afsluitdijk5000 men to work. Also started the pilot polder Andijk. Fishing with a steunwet the duped helped somewhat.
 * Coal production in the mine of waterschei start in 1924. The heathland soils are ideal for to develop an entire site around the mine. The construction of the cités or garden areas start in 1925. They are built in the typical English cottage style.
 * America
 * From January 1920 is the sale of alcohol in the United States illegally. Naturalizing of the country attempting one after the first world war and the demobilisation of hundreds of thousands of soldiers to prevent it. The prohibition has the opposite effect. The trade in spirits comes in hands of the Cosa Nostra and other societies, and the "Wild West" moves to the big cities on the East Coast. At the end of the Decade, the failure of the campaign.
 * The optimism about the economy In the US leads to stock market speculation on a large scale. Simple people let themselves be tempted to speculate with borrowed money.The bubble bursts on October 24, 1929 when the stock market Wall Street 's collapse.
 * The Chrysler building in New York is an example of American art deco. It is equally the tallest building in the world. The Spire and some ornaments are made from a new material that came on the market in 1921: stainless steel.
 * In Mexico the revolutionary is the election of the radical Plutarcho Elías Calles in 1924 a period in of anticlericalism. The Catholics are engaged not in down here and establish the "League in defense of religious freedom" in 1926 to the polarization leads on. the Cristero war, which is won by the Government in 1929.
 * At the invitation of the Mexican Government 25,000 Canadian Mennonites Migrating to Mexico.
 * Ma Ferguson is from 1924 to 1926 the first female Governor of Texas.
 * Asia
 * The Republic of China is divided into semiautonomous areas where warlords reign. In the southern regions is a more or less civilized Government under Dr. Sun Yat-Sen.After his death in 1925 comes general Chiang Kai-shek to power, which is also the northern areas subjects. From 1927, the Kuomintang Government at war with the Communists.
 * Focus In Dutch East Indies young intellectuals like Mohammed Hatta, Sutan Sjahrir and Soekarno in imitation of the older doctor Soetomo "study clubs", in which they constitute a framework for nationalist movement.
 * Middle East
 * The Turks in the Ottoman Empire occupied largely come in revolt: the Turkish war of independence. The Greek participation on the Allied side leads to large Turkish force against the Ionians, ethnic Greeks who for thousands of years to the Ionian coast live. In the Treaty of Lausanne they are uitgeruild against the Turks in Macedonia.
 * The Ottoman sultan is deposed and the Caliphate abolished. Kemal Atatürk calls the Turkish Republic : a secular State. Wearing oriental clothes is discouraged and often even banned Arabic script, and the Latin script shall be replaced by the.
 * Religion and philosophy of life
 * The still young reformed churches are affected by Division. In 1920, the Reverend's deposition confirmed Netelenbos, because he was in a Dutch Reformed Church has preached. In 1926 the rice issue-yellow churches around the question, or the snake in the Paradise really spoken. The dispute ends in a Church schism, after which the outcasts set up the reformed churches in the Restored Connection . Many families permanently torn.
 * The non-denominationalism will increase from 7.8% to 14.4%.
 * The Eucharistic crusade in Flanders is founded in 1920 by the Premonstratensians of Averbode (mainly p Peter Vu), following the example of similar movements in France and England. The aim is the communion decrees of Pope Pius X of 1910 uptake, especially in children.
 * Africa
 * In the RIF mountains controlled by Spain comes Mohammed Abdelkrim El Khattabi in 1921 in rebellion. His Republic of the Rif is occupied by General Franco in 1925.
 * The quantum theory quantum mechanics is succeeded by the revolutionary.
 * The first experiments with radio and cars are becoming more visible in the streets.
 * Between major cities are more or less regular airplane connections set up but most flights are made per zeppelin -even trans-Atlantic between Europe and the us.
 * The Scotsman John Logie Baird manages to send images over ever-increasing distances. Its electromechanical "televisor" is also in production, but the quality of the image is not enough for the market.
 * The charleston is almost become the icon of the roaring twenties. The rumba is made popular by Xavier Cugat and his Orchestra to Los Angeles in the Coconut Groove.Meanwhile, the foxtrot spilled over to Europe, where the quick step and slowfox variants arise. Also the English Waltz touches in vogue.
 * Belgium and Netherlands also get the first cinemas. The silent film is accompanied by an organist, while the Narrator gives text and explanation. Leading stars are Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, Gloria Swanson and.
 * Songs of the 1920s
 * 1929
 * Am I Blue? Ethel Waters
 * I'm Gonna Stomp Mr Henry Lee Eddie Condon's Hot Shots
 * The Cabaret Boys Douglas Byng
 * It Should Be You Red Allen
 * Everybody Loves My Baby Earl Hines Orchestra
 * New Orleans Bump Jelly Roll Morton
 * Haunted Nights Duke Ellington
 * Hello Lola Mound City Blue Blowers
 * I Need Someone Like You The Four Wanderers
 * What Are They Doing in Heaven Today Washington Phillips
 * March of the Hoodlums Hoagy Carmichael
 * I'm Wild About That Thing Bessie Smith
 * I Must Have That Man Sam Browne
 * Makin' Whoopee Eddie Cantor
 * If I Had a Talking Picture of You Johnny Hamp's Kentucky Serenaders
 * Button Up Your Overcoat Helen Kane
 * Maybe, Who Knows? Kate Smith
 * Heigh-Ho, Everybody, Heigh-Ho Rudy Vallée
 * Stardust Isham Jones & His Orchestra
 * Piccolo Pete Ted Weems & His Orchestra
 * I'll Get By (As Long as I Have You) Aileen Stanley
 * Black and Blue Louis Armstrong
 * Louise Maurice Chevalier
 * Louise Maurice Chevalier
 * The poet André Breton In Paris publishes the surrealist manifesto, after which gathers around him a group of artists.
 * Also in Paris is an exhibition held by ' decorative arts ', whereby the art deco is born.
 * Bloom of the architecture and the Bauhaus art school in Weimar and later in Dessau. Led by Walter Gropius teaching and studying there people like Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky. From 1925, the flow of the new objectivity there in the place of the Expressionism.
 * In Netherlands, the group around the magazine the style of Theo van Doesburg large influence. To the staff include Piet Mondrian and Gerrit Rietveld.
 * Victor Bourgeois designs include the Cité Moderne in Berchem-Sainte-Agathe, one of the garden areas of Brussels, which is built between 1922 and 1925.
 * The Vlaamsche Volkstooneel is an itinerant theatre company that has an innovative influence on the Flemish theatre life.
 * Sanatorium zonnestraal is built in 1928 after a design by the architect Jan Duiker and is considered a prototype of the new Buildthe flow. The complex, where TB patients reside, is built in glass, steel and concrete, in mainly white colors with blue accents.
 * Arnold Schoenberg and his students Alban Berg and Anton Webern, composers of the Second Viennese School, developing the riegger.
 * The Russian filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein let all in the era of the silent film see, how useful is the medium to convey political messages.
 * Motorsport comes on with in 1923 the first 24 hours of Le Mans, in the next year's 24 hours of Spa-Francorchamps and the 1929 Monaco Grand Prix.
 * The Finnish athlete Paavo Nurmi WINS on the Olympic Summer Games in Antwerp, Paris and Amsterdam achieves a total of nine gold medals and in addition, a total of 22 world records.
 * Johnny Weissmuller is the Supreme swimmer of the decade with three gold and one bronze Olympic medal in 1924 (Paris), two gold medals in 1928 (Amsterdam) and the necessary world titles and records.