Alcatraz

Alcatraz Island is an island in the Bay of San Francisco. From 1934 to 1963 it was in use as a high-security prison. 1545 prisoners have had the island as rank. The most famous prisoner was Alphonse "Al" Capone. Had been on the island a military Fortress (1850-1907) and then (from 1907-1933) was a military prison located.Nowadays the island is a protected area and a National Historic Landmark, managed by the National Park Service.

In addition to the Alcatraz prison contains also the oldest Lighthouse of the west coast of the United States.



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[hide] *1 Background  ==Background[ Edit] == Location of Alcatraz in the Bay of San FranciscoThe name Alcatraz became to the island given by Juan Manuel de Ayala, the first Spaniard who discovered the island in 1775. He brought the Bay of San Francisco in map, and named the island "La Isla de los Alcatraces," which translates as "the island of the pelicans." [1]  [2]  [3]  [4]  [5]  [6]  the word alcatraz, which in Spanish means "Pelican", is originally from Arabic: القطرس al-qaṭrās, which means Sea Eagle . [7]
 * 2 History
 * 2.1 military history
 * 2.2 Alcatraz as a prison
 * 2.3 the occupation of Alcatraz
 * 2.4 Alcatraz now
 * 3 Alcatraz in the media
 * 4 external links

The United States Census Bureau defines the island as Block 1067, Block Group 1, Census Tract 179.02 of San Francisco County, California.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [8] ==History<span class="mw-editsection" len="327" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Military history<span class="mw-editsection" len="337" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The earliest known owner of Alcatraz is Julian Workman, who got the island in June 1846 by the Mexican Governor Pio Pico.Workman built a lighthouse on the island. Later in 1846 bought John Charles Frémont, leader of the Republic of California and military Governor of California, the island for $ 5000 on behalf of the u.s. Government.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [9]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sgha.net_10-0" len="171" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[10]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" len="162" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[11]  Fremont had expected that he would get a large compensation from the Government because he had bought them for the island, but he eventually got nothing. He and his descendants still took great pains to the 1890s lawsuits in the hope to get money, but without success.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sgha.net_10-1" len="171" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [10]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nps.gov_12-0" len="170" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[12]

Alcatraz in 1895<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After California in American hands had come and the California gold rush began, the United States Army began to investigate the possibilities of Alcatraz to make a military establishment. In 1850 gave president Millard Fillmore in aftermath of the Mexican-American war officially the order to make a military establishment of Alcatraz.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nps.gov_12-1" len="170" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [12]  In 1853 was under the supervision of Zealous b. Tower started building a military fortress. The work lasted until 1858. By the end of that year was the first garrison of about 200 soldiers based on the island. When the American civil war broke out in 1861, the island was made suitable to serve as fight location. Alcatraz had 85 cannons, but due to lack of troops could be deployed at the same time only a small part of it. In practice there had never to be shot from the island as offensive. However, on the island of prisoners locked up.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" len="162" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [13]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the war the army concluded that the armament of the fort and Alcatraz were obsolete by the progress in military technology. Between 1870 and 1876 were different plans to modernise the island, but these were never completed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" len="162" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [14]  instead, it was decided to give a new destination Alcatraz. Instead of for coastal defence, it would be used in future for detention. ===Alcatraz as a prison<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The Interior of a regular cell in the cell block Broadway<p lang="en" len="185" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The decision to make a prison of Alcatraz came due to the remote location and the strong currents in the Bay, which would make it almost impossible to escape.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Even before it was officially a prison island, it was already used for detention. In 1867 was already a brick prison house built on the island, so that the island could do all service as a military prison from 1868. During the American civil war and especially during the Spanish-American war, there were many military prisoners on the island.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On 21 March 1907 became Alcatraz officially by the u.s. Government set as military prison. In 1909 started the work to the island of military fortress into a prison. There were cell blocks, which were largely designed by Reuben Turner. In 1912 the works completed. During the first world war were sitting in jail under other conscientious objectors, including Philip Grosser.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the aftermath of the San Francisco earthquake in 1906 also temporarily non-military prisoners were brought to Alcatraz for safe keeping. The prison came on October 12,1933 in the hands of the United States Department of Justice, and it became a federal prison. The prison had a very strict regime. In the early years it was not even allowed to talk between themselves. After there by means of flushing the toilet a primitive communication going came is the gag order lifted.

<p lang="en" len="1476" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">During the 29 years that Alcatraz was in use as a federal prison, there were some common criminals locked up, including Al Capone, Robert Franklin Stroud, Machine Gun Kelly, James j. Bulger and Alvin Karpis (who sat longer than any other prisoner in Alcatraz).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There are several escape attempts, but officially it is never someone managed to escape. In total there were 36 prisoners involved in 14 attempts. There are 23 of them were arrested again, six shot and two are believed drowned. The most violent outbreak attempt took place on 2 May 1946 and led to the battle of Alcatraz.

Detached air grille, along which Morris and the Angelinbroers left their cell<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On June 11, 1962, however, a successful escape would have taken place. Frank Morris and brothers John and Clarence Anglin escaped according to the stories in an inflatable raft made of glued raincoats. Frank Morris, the Group's leader, had a particularly high IQ, and perhaps they have the tide of San Francisco Bay used to escape.Some of their stuff have been recovered on Angel Island, but some assume that they have gone ashore at the Golden Gate Bridge and their stuff via the tide to float to the Angel Island have police on the wrong track. No one has heard anything more of the men. It is assumed that they had drowned, but it was never proven. Of this escape attempt is a film made in 1979; Escape from Alcatraz called.

<p lang="en" len="82" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Less than a year after the escape was on 21 March 1963 Alcatraz officially closed. ===The occupation of Alcatraz<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Information sign above the prison<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1969 a group of Indians occupied the rock in the Bay. They were staying 2 years long on the island, and sought in this way their claim for an Indian to reinforce cultural center.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">This group lost their credibility in the eyes of the community by the amount of damage, such as graffiti, vandalism and a fire that destroyed the House of the Sitter of the Lighthouse. In June 1971 the Federal marshals removed Indians of the island. ===Alcatraz now<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Since 1972, Alcatraz one of the many national parks managed by the National Park Service and the island is open to the public since 1973. On Alcatraz is the oldest functioning Lighthouse of the American West Coast. ==Alcatraz in the media<span class="mw-editsection" len="335" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 2003, the hosts of the program "MythBusters", Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, or the famous escape of Morris and the Anglin brothers indeed could have been carried out. It succeeded to them on a raft of raincoats of Alcatraz to shore to sail. It was found that it was possible to escape from prison.

<p lang="en" len="288" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Furthermore, illusionist David Copperfield escapes from prison as stunt ever.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Also, the programme has made an episode of Alcatraz Ghost Lab . In this episode examined whether paranormal activities take place on the island. Eventually they believed to have found much ' evidence ', mainly sound recordings, and concluded they would find that paranormal activities place on Alcatraz.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Alcatraz has the nickname "The Rock". The feature film The Rock is set on Alcatraz. It should be broken into in Alcatraz. The film Escape from Alcatraz is about the escape of 3 criminals from Alcatraz. Other films about Alcatraz are King of Alcatraz, Half Past Dead, Point Blank and The Birdman of Alcatraz.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 2011, the first episode of the tv series Alcatraz broadcast, a fictional story about the end of Alcatraz. In the series is the prison not closed, but all prisoners and disappeared is that kept secret.