Jubilee Line

The Jubilee Line is the youngest line of the London underground and was opened in 1979. The line connects the North of the city (Stanmore) with the East (Stratford), throughWestminster and the Docklands, and has a length of 36.2 km (→ map). The Jubilee Line operates 27 stations, of which 13 are underground, crosses the Thames four times and is the only London underground line which is connected to all other lines of the net. On maps, the Jubilee Line indicated by the colour silver. It is a "deep-level" line, which is to say that it uses deep bored tunnels.



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[hide] *1 History  ==History[ Edit] == The Jubilee Line was opened on 1 May 1979 between Stanmore and Charing Cross. The line was formed by the route Stanmore- Baker Street, which was put into use in 1932 as part of the Metropolitan Line and in 1939 a branch of the Bakerloo Line had become, to connect to a new route under central London. From Baker Street was in over seven years a 4 km long tunnel drilled to the new endpoint Charing Cross. This drive was formed in turn by the Beach previously separate stations (Northern Line) and Trafalgar Square(Bakerloo Line) to connect with each other. The metro station to the Thames was renamed Charing Cross Embankment.
 * Jubilee Line Extension 1.1
 * 2 Architecture
 * 2.1 Platform doors
 * 3 Material
 * 4 Stations
 * 5 external links

Originally the line Fleet Line going to be called, to the river Fleet, which flows through London, but on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth Jubilee Line for the name was finally chosen. The color initially referred to the maritime marinegrijs meaning of the word "fleet" (fleet), but later went silver symbolize.

The route opened in 1979 was intended as the first phase of the project, but lack of money would extend the line 20 years in coming. In the second phase would be extended along the line in the East Beach and Fleet Street towards Fenchurch Street, then crossing the Thames and Lewisham via New Cross Gate to reach. Just before the line opened the plans were changed: the line would be via the Docklands to Thamesmead the new town go walk. Some work was actually performed, but soon shut down. ===Jubilee Line Extension[ Edit] === At the end of the 1980s came again to the Jubilee Line extension. Rise the urban planning developments in the East London Docklands ( Canary Wharf, among others) and theDLR's lack of the critical capacity. Initially, the developers of Canary Wharf for a new metro line between Waterloo and Canary Wharf to fund, that would bear the name "Canaryloo" and would cost 300 million pounds . The Government went into agreement in principle but wanted that the line in the East would be extended to Stratford. Local interest groups were also there for each other then that in Southwark and Bermondsey stations would come-originally was a direct connection between Canary Wharf and Waterloo without between stations. The construction of the line was approved In 1990.

The first part of the extension was inaugurated on 14 May 1999, a number of stations opened later: Canary Wharf, Bermondsey , Canada Water(17 september), Waterloo (24 september), London Bridge (7 October), Southwark (20 november) and Westminster (22 december). The new route bends slightly after Green Park station on the old route. This made the end point Charing Cross left but the platforms can still be used in emergencies and serve occasionally as a film set. After Westminster station crosses the line the River Thames to Waterloo station. To Canada Water is on the South Bank of the River Road. A second river crossing leads to Canary Wharf station, after which the line continues its way back to the other shore, towards North Greenwich. After the line crosses the Thames again to end up above ground to reach Stratford endpoint.

The Jubilee Line Extension is a massive success, because the line both the clogged Docklands Light Rail has alleviated if rather bad-reach districts has unlocked. However, the construction costs were much higher than planned (£ 3.5 billion), which has seriously delayed the realization of other metro projects. The project developers would initially assume the bulk of the funding, but their share finally came from less than 5%. ==Architecture<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The stations of the Jubilee Line are distinguished in architecture to the period within which they date. The aboveground stations on the route to Stanmore, which originally belonged to the Metropolitan Line, have a typical English rural appearance. The stations of the tunnel opened in 1979 have a more pragmatic standard design. Of a very different order are the latest stations of the Jubilee Line Extension, which distinguish themselves by a futuristic appearance, large space and the tight use of columns and materials like polished steel and concrete. The dimensions of Canary Wharf-the busiest station in the line-are huge, while Westminster station itself with a depth of almost 40 metres presents as a vertical emptiness. The construction of this station was not an easy task, because the existing station on the District and Circle Line without intermediate conclusion had to be 30 cm lower and had to be taken into account the fundamentals of Portcullis House above the station standing.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The size of the stations was partly inspired by a growing safety awareness in response to the disaster in King's Cross St. Pancras station in 1987 and the passenger must provide more comfort. The large space does have results in most drives often make a blank impression, especially North Greenwich is since the vacancy of the Millennium Dome far too large for the number of passengers that uses it. The 2012 Olympics should give new impetus to the drive.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For the design of the latest drives, a number of leading architects hired. The leadership of the project lay in the hands of Roland Paoletti. Each station had a distinct look, with space and use of colour (grey and silver) were always held as a common factor. In addition, as much as possible, ensured that daylight in the stations within can fall. Glass platform doors inWestminster station===Platform Doors<span class="mw-editsection" len="331" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The latest underground stations are all equipped with so-called platform screen doors (PSD 's), which the platform separate from the tracks. The glass doors are placed over the entire length of the platform and at the same time open the doors of a train in the station halterende, which so very precise stop to the doors to get in the right place. The train can only leave when all doors are closed. Above each door is a halogen lamp, which lights up when the door opens. If a door doesn't close properly, then the bulb not out.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The installation of the platform doors has two reasons. On the other hand they increase the security, because travelers not at the tracks can come, on the other hand, they make a better climate control of the spacious drives possible. ==Material<span class="mw-editsection" len="328" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Tube 1996-trains in late Stratfordstation<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The first years after the opening was ridden by the Jubilee Line trains of type Tube 1972. In 1984, this material replaced by the type developed especially for the line Tube 1983. These trains proved particularly interference-sensitive and were also equipped with some doors, which delayed the flow of passengers. When the extension of the line extra trains were needed, it was decided to make use of the opportunity to renew the entire fleet and the Tube 1983-trains to override.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Between december 1997 and July 1998, 59 zesrijtuigstellen of type Tube 1996 delivered. The trains exhibit many similarities with the Tube 1995-material of the Northern Line (which despite its name is newer) and were built by Alstom in Birmingham. The trains are equipped with electronic information screens and drives are automatically announced. In december 2005 the trains were extended with an additional vehicle, for which the Jubilee Line had to close for three days. When building the trains and the new stations was already taken into account the possible conversion to seven carriage set. Four new trains were added to the fleet, whereby the line now has 63 trainsets. Since the conversion can carry any trains more than 1,200 guests, about 17% more than the zesrijtuigstellen. All trains automatically, the only thing the driver have to do is shut the doors.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For maintenance and storage of the trains there is a storage near Stratford station. ==Stations<span class="mw-editsection" len="327" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">From west to East: Geographically accurate map of the route of the Jubilee Line*Stanmore (1932)
 * Canons Park (1932)
 * Queensbury (1934)
 * Kingsbury (1932)
 * Wembley Park (1893)
 * Neasden (1880)
 * Dollis Hill (1909)
 * Willesden Green (1879)
 * Kilburn (1879)
 * West Hampstead (1879)
 * Finchley Road (1879)
 * Swiss Cottage (1939)
 * St. John's Wood (1939)
 * Baker Street (1979)
 * Bond Street (1979)
 * Green Park (1979)
 * Westminster (1999)
 * Waterloo (1999)
 * Southwark (1999)
 * London Bridge (1999)
 * Bermondsey (1999)
 * Canada Water (1999)
 * Canary Wharf (1999)
 * North Greenwich (1999)
 * Canning Town (1999)
 * West Ham (1999)
 * Stratford (1999)