Digital television

Traditionally in the world made ​​use of analogue television and radio. There are analogue television fourteen different standards (monochrome), which color are supplemented with PAL ,NTSC or SECAM . Since the early 90's digital TV and radio on the rise.

Digital television per country, divided into broadcasting standard

Content
*1 History  ==History [  edit ] == In digital television is used in Europe, the DVB standard. Other parts of the world sometimes use different standards. Advantages of digital television the possibility of improved picture and sound quality and the ability to compress the signal. This makes it possible to emit six to eight times more television channels in the same bandwidth.
 * 2 Radio
 * 3 Benefits
 * 3.1 Improved picture resolution
 * 3.2 Other
 * 4 Drawbacks
 * 5 Forms
 * 6 Equipment
 * 7 Encryption
 * 8 Offer
 * 8.1 Netherlands
 * 8.2 Belgium
 * 8.2.1 Flemish Region
 * 8.2.2 Brussels Region
 * 8.2.3 Walloon Region
 * 8.3   Luxembourg

A special form of digital TV is HDTV, this is television with a higher resolution .

In studios and for transporting video signals between broadcasters themselves are now working digitally only. This is typically done using a serial digital interface (SDI) based on the ITU draft recommendation 601. In limited bandwidth - such as via satellite or via radio waves - is usually chosen to encode to MPEG format and transporting it via SDH , DVB or IP . ==Radio [  edit ] == Via a digital television channel also radio programs broadcast. That means no separate radio receiver is needed: a set-top box for television is also suitable for radio.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Often, the television set is thereby used to indicate a radio program again. That has some drawbacks:

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">It is not necessary, you can also connect an amplifier and speakers. That also results in television reception usually in better sound quality.
 * The sound quality is less than with a separate amplifier and speakers is possible.
 * The power consumption is higher.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">However, the TV can often be missed, because choosing the need for the initial settings or to stations is. ==Benefits <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Improved image resolution <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">On a 'normal' analog TV displays the image line by line, the TV image is transferred and changed into two parts: first the even lines come in and then the odd lines (interlaced). Moreover, the images must be supplemented by the sound signal is transmitted separately. The analog signal is easily contaminated with noise, making the picture less sharp. The result of all this is that the TV picture sometimes is not completely sharp and occasionally flickers. The limited resolution of analog television is a disadvantage. Depending on the system ( B and D in most of Europe and M in the US and Japan) are 625 or 525 lines available. The "worst" computer now has a higher resolution than the best (analog) television. However, since they work with moving images, and because it is a relatively large distance from a TV, it's not as bad as it seems.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">At DVB, the resolution is "free" adjustable. There are conditions: PAL broadcasts vertical resolution must be 576 pixels. The horizontal resolution is a maximum of 720 pixels and must be divisible by 16 because of the MPEG compression. The Dutch and Flemish broadcasters use a horizontal resolution of 704 pixels for their satellite broadcasts. The used horizontal resolution does not affect the ratio of the image, this will always be 4: 3 or 16: 9. The advantage of digital television is that the image is noise-free. Good PAL analog receivers are also quite expensive to put in a television set. Consequently, there are many television sets in receivers that produce loss of quality; digital television will eliminate this problem.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">At present, the quality of digital televisions are, however, rather limited by the digital bandwidth than by the resolution. Thus, it is possible, a channel using the maximum 720 pixels to emit but to give it very little bandwidth. The result is a hazy, blocky image, similar to a picture with a lot to JPEG compression or compression artefacts. Very various resolutions in use, it uses the BBCa horizontal resolution of 720 pixels for satellite broadcasting, MTV Networks used for most European channels a horizontal resolution of 544 or 528 pixels. Some low-budget TV using a horizontal resolution of 352 pixels. The result of a low horizontal resolution is a blurred, by some referred to as "woolly", image. The result of too little bandwidth, regardless of the resolution, the said compression artifacts.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">There are in the DVB standard defines different resolutions. In addition to the European resolution 720x576 and 720x480 resolution the US there are several HDTV formats defined as maximum 1920x1080. ===Other <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Because digital signals can be broadcast more compact than analog signals, continues to maintain an equal number of television bandwidth overloaded. In digital television, there is thus in principle the ability to offer more television channels with the same bandwidth.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In addition to television images, additional information such as text or entire Web pages are sent via the digital signal. The viewer might then get information about the current television program, and about the upcoming broadcast schedule in the form of an electronic program guide . It is possible audio and text information (including subtitles) to send in several languages.Digital television is potentially offers better sound quality than was possible with analog television. ==Disadvantages <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">For old televisions, a separate digital decoder (Set Top Box) needed. The latest generation HDTVs have built (DVB) decoder. In DVB the same bandwidth is available as for an analog television signal. Within this bandwidth fit 6 to 8 digital signals. The quality of the television picture at DVB depending on the bit rate . If it is too low to be fast-moving images are reproduced less satisfactorily. A provider can fix this by passing fewer signals within the available bandwidth.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">It is a traditional (analog) video not possible on a - with coded DVB - digital channel to record. It can of course by passing the output of the set-top box to the VCR, but one can not simultaneously watching another program. Modern digital ( DVRs ) can do this, often while watching another digital channel.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The operation is complicated: we must both set-top box and the TV and operate any amplifier, which means that multiple remotes needed. Usually, the set-top box has a built-in control for volume and a built-in teletext decoder, so that operating the television is limited to on and off.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Belgacom and Telenet have that in Belgium, can solve. Since the decoder of the remote controller is also adapted to control the TV (the television channels as well as the sound intensity).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">A similar solution, KPN Telecom, provided the TV receiver (such as KPN calls the set-top box) of the brand Motorola has. The remote control of the TV receiver, the TV on and off and adjust the volume. This does not work with any television nor as one uses an audio amplifier. ==Forms <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In the studio, the image is already digitally recorded and processed. The accepted standard here is ITU 601 . At ITU 601 color signals red, green and blue digitized. Because no compression is applied is very wide bandwidth: 324 Mbit / s for a television signal. In order to be able to broadcast this signal compression must be applied. This is done with the aid of MPEG-2 or MPEG-4.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The signal thus obtained can be broadcast in several ways:

==<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[Equipment  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Virtually all televisions in Europe are sold are digital televisions. They have a built-in receiver for DVB-T. A portion of these handsets can also receive DVB-C signals. Only a small portion of these devices have a built-in receiver for DVB-S. For high-definition television to receive, in the television receiver should be suitable for this.
 * via cable with DVB-C technology
 * through the air with DVB-T - or DVB-H technology
 * via satellite with DVB-S technology
 * via internet (x DSL / fiber ). There is no dominant standard for Internet TV, or IPTV .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">To receive digital TV on an analog TV set is a set-top box required. The set-top box converts the digital signal into an analog signal via the SCART connector to the analog television is passed.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">A set-top box is required when the digital television does not have a built-in receiver of the correct type. This only happens with cable and satellite channels. The set-top box is then digitally via an HDMI connected terminal.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">For digital television and terrestrial radio or satellite should be incidentally also have their own (dish) antenna. ==<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[Encryption  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">A traditional radio broadcast can be received by anyone who lives a possession receiver and within range of the transmitter. It is therefore not very well possible to let the user to pay for the receipt (see also Licence fee ).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In analogue reception via cable (usually coax ) there is the possibility to conclude the user physically. It is also possible (by placing a filter) that a user is able to receive only a part of the program package. The disadvantage of this method is that there is work is required at the house to change a subscription.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Digital reception (wireless or satellite, but also via cable) is usually working with encryption. In the receiver there is a decoder with a smart card, which is a smart card that provides for decoding. The smart card has to be activated and regulated by that happens codes which are transmitted by the provider. The provider sends codes to all subscribing smart cards. Pays a subscriber does not, then physically close unnecessary (and radio reception not possible), but the provider activation code for smart card will not be broadcast, so the smart card within a few days refused service. In the same manner, some subscribers may receive a limited package of channels.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">To receive encrypted programs have each digital television set with a diagonal of more than 30 cm over a common interface . In this common interface a plug-in card can be inserted, the so-called Conditional Access Module . The insert is then inserted the smart card from the provider. Although a set-top box often has a common interface, it is common to build the Conditional Access module into the set-top box in.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Some providers use encryption to force their customers to use a non-standardized solution to watch digital television. It is then not possible to receive a standard digital television digital television. Examples include the Dutch cable operators Ziggo <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[1] and UPC <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[2] and the Belgian cable operator Telenet and xDSL provider Belgacom . <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[3] ==<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[Offer  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Digital television is offered through fixed coaxial and fiber optic cable , telephone cable or wirelessly via radio waves, satellite signals edm. ===<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[Netherlands  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The Netherlands was the second European country to transition from analog to digital to execute. This happened on December 11, 2006.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">There are many different providers of digital television, including:

===Belgium <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In Belgium, the supply situation is different depending on the region where the church is located. ====Flanders <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The Flemish government has announced that the transition from analogue to digital will be complete by November 8, 2008 . After this date, no more analog television offered echoing Netherlands over the air. How long the analog broadcasts will remain available via cable is unknown.
 * Wireless:
 * via satellite (DVB-S), the channel BVN free by the NPO and commercial broadcast by Canal Digital
 * terrestrial (DVB-T), a basic package of channels are free to air broadcast by the public broadcaster and extended channels broadcast by commercial Digitenne
 * via mobile phone (DVB-H) was until June 1, 2011 commercial broadcast by KPN Mobile
 * Cable:
 * Via coaxial cable (DVB-C) commercial broadcast include Ziggo , UPC Netherlands , Delta and CAIW , Kabel Noord , Foundation Cable network Veendam , VCK , Kabeltex , CAI Harderwijk , CAI Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht , Rekam and KPN
 * Via telephone (x DSL ) is commercial broadcast TV Mine , Tele2Vision and others

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">There are several providers:

====Brussels Region <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The switch from analog to digital is not yet completed.
 * Wireless:
 * Via satellite (DVB-S), the channel BVN free by the VRT and is offered commercially by TV Vlaanderen and TéléSat
 * terrestrial (DVB-T) free to air VRT and commercially offered by Teletenne
 * Via mobile phone (DVB-H) commercially offered by Mobistar
 * Cable:
 * Via the coaxial cable (DVB-C) commercially offered by Telenet Digital TV (October 1, 2008, IN-DI of Interkabel acquired definitively.) and VOO (formerly EFA Teledis and Brutele) that only in Feeding is active
 * Via the telephone (x DSL ) offered commercially by Belgacom TV

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">There are several providers:

====Walloon Region <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The switch from analog to digital is not yet finalized and scheduled for November 2011 .
 * Wireless:
 * Via satellite (DVB-S), the channel BVN free by the VRT and is offered commercially by TV Vlaanderen and TéléSat
 * terrestrial (DVB-T) free to air provided by the VRT and RTBF (Commercial providers are expected from 2010 onwards.)
 * Via mobile phone (DVB-H) commercially offered by Mobistar
 * Cable:
 * Via the coaxial cable (DVB-C) commercially offered by Numericable (formerly Coditel), Telenet (formerly UPC Belgium), VOO (formerly Brutélé) and WOLU TV (parastatals)
 * Via the telephone (x DSL ) by Belgacom TV

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">There are several providers:

===Luxembourg <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Luxembourg was the first European country to transition from analog to digital to execute. This happened on 1 September 2006.
 * Wireless:
 * Via satellite (DVB-S), the channel BVN free by the VRT and is commercially offered by TéléSat and TV Vlaanderen
 * terrestrial (DVB-T) free to air provided by the RTBF (Commercial providers are expected from 2010 onwards.)
 * Via mobile phone (DVB-H) commercially offered by Mobistar
 * Cable:
 * Via the coaxial cable (DVB-C) commercially offered by VOO (formerly EFA Teledis and Brutélé) and AIESH (parastatals)
 * Via the telephone (x DSL ) by Belgacom TV

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">There are several providers:


 * Wireless:
 * Via satellite (DVB-S), the channel BVN free by the Dutch public broadcaster and the VRT and is commercially offered by TéléSat , TV Vlaanderen
 * terrestrial (DVB-T) free to air
 * Via mobile phone (DVB-H)
 * Cable:
 * Via the coaxial cable (DVB-C) commercially offered by Numericable
 * Via the telephone (x DSL )