Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize for Literature is awarded annually to an author, who, in the words of Alfred Nobel, the most remarkable work with an idealistic trend has written. The work refers here to the oeuvre of the author in the whole and not to a specific work, although there is sometimes a separate work is cited at the presentation of the award. The Swedish Academy decides who gets the prize awarded each year and publishes this name around early October.

The original quotation of this Nobel Prize has led to much controversy. The original Swedish word idealisk can be translated in idealistic or ideal. In the first years the Nobel Committee acted in this fairly random and left it some wereldvernieuwende writers such as Henrik Ibsen and Leo Tolstoy left lying, probably because their works were not idealistic enough. Later the wording was much more freely interpreted and the prize is awarded to authors for lasting literary merit. The choice of the Academy can still provide controversy especially for choosing lesser-known writers (or writers who work in avant-garde forms) such as Dario Fo in 1997 and Elfriede Jelinek in 2004.

The Nobel Prize is not the only measure of literary excellence and durability. Critics of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or refer to the many prominent writers who never have been awarded, as Harry Mulisch[1], or even nominated.



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[hide] *1 Nomination procedure  ==Nomination procedure[ Edit] == Each year the Swedish Academy a call for people to nominate for the Nobel Prize in literature. Members of the Academy, members of literary academies and societies, professors in language or literature, former Nobel Prize winners and Presidents of writers organizations may nominate a candidate. It is someone not allowed to nominate themselves.
 * 2 list of award-winning writers
 * 3 Controversies
 * 4 Trivia
 * 5 external link

Thousands of calls are done every year, of which about fifty answered. They must have arrived at the latest by 1 February at the Academy, after which the proposals examined by the Nobel Prize Committee. By april limits the Academy the number of contenders to about twenty and in summer there are only five took over. In October of the same year voting members of the Academy and the one with more than half of the votes allowed to mention winner of the Nobel Prize for literature. This process is similar to that of the other Nobel prizes.

The prize money is not remained the same since the inauguration, but today is still good for some 10 million Swedish Crowns (just over a million). The winner will also receive a gold medal and a Nobel diploma. ==List of award-winning writers[ Edit] == The Nobel Prize for Literature as set up by Alfred Nobel from 1901 by the Swedish Academy awarded to: ==Controversies<span class="mw-editsection" len="348" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Literature Prize has a long history of controversies. From 1901 to 1912, the Committee characterized by a narrow interpretation of the word idealisk, making Leo Tolstoy, Henrik Ibsen and Émile Zola no chance.During World War I and subsequent years chose the Committee for neutrality; they favored writers from other neutral countries.

<p lang="en" len="387" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">It is suggested that W.H. Auden's lukewarm received (but well selling) translation of the 1961 winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, day Hammarskjöld's Vägmärken (Markings in English), accompanied by statements about Hammarskjöld during a tour of Scandinavia, which were insinuating that Hammarskjöld (as well as Auden) was homosexual, Auden took a chance on the Nobel Prize.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The winner of 1970, the Russian Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, attended the award ceremony not for fear that he would not be allowed to return to Russia, where his works circulated clandestinely. Because the Swedish Government refused to let the ceremony take place in the Swedish Embassy in Moscow, Solzhenitsyn refused the price at all. He found that the terms of the Sweden a blame were on the Nobel Prize itself. When Solzhenitsyn accepted the prize in 1974, however, he was arrested and expelled from Russia.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1974 were Graham Greene, Vladimir Nabokov and Saul Bellow nominated, but they had to lose out for a shared Prize to two Swedish authors Eyvind Johnson , Harry Martinson, who himself and judges were. Bellow would win the prize in 1976, but neither Greene nor Nabokov would get the honour of winning the prize.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The winner Dario Fo in 1997 was originally considered rather as a lightweight because he was an actor and was censored by the Roman Catholic Church. According to the functional design London Publisher wereSalman Rushdie and Arthur Miller the Favorites, but the organizers thought it would be too predictable, that they were too popular.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The choice of the winner in 2004, Elfriede Jelinek caused criticism in the Academy itself. Knut Ahnlud, which since 1996 has no active role played in the Academy, considered it a irreparable disrepute the Nobel Prize in Literature.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Many critics and readers believe that the literary qualities are not the only criterion. For example, In a certain period of time the Committee was greatly interested in German literature. Heinrich Böll has the prize, but on the other hand, Bertolt Brecht .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Critics wonder whether granting a price with such a reputation is not a basic criterion should be: the undeniably have taken a place in world literature. The list of winners overlooking can in many cases be placed into question. On the other hand, many other great writers of the 20th century, both men and women, is not between the laureates: James Joyce, Franz Kafka, Robert Musil, Marcel Proust, Virginia Woolf, Vladimir Nabokov, Anna Akhmatova,Ernst Jünger, Simon vestdijk and so on.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The balance sheet is also bad for regions that are least favoured by the Committee. Only one black African writer, Nobel Prize winner Wole Soyinka may call. On the other hand, other authors, such as Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Chinua Achebe or Nuruddin Farah, were not crowned. ==Trivia<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==
 * The oldest person who so far is received the Nobel Prize in literature Doris Lessing. She was 88 when she received the Nobel Peace Prize in december 2007. The youngest was Rudyard Kipling. He was 42 when he received the Nobel Prize in 1907.
 * Mommsen is the laureate that the earliest born (30 november 1817). Most recently born Laureate is Mo Yan, born on 17 February 1955.
 * The longest living Laureate is Bertrand Russell who was 97 years old. The shortest living Laureate is Albert Camus who died in a road accident at the age of 46 years. He received the Nobel Peace Prize three years earlier.
 * Tv and radio personality Gert Fylking started the tradition to Äntligen (Swedish for finally) to call at the announcement of the Nobel Laureate, as a protest on the nomination of the among the general public more or less unknown writers. Fylking is meanwhile already stopped with his ' joke ', but the tradition is continued by others.
 * The Flemish writer Louis Paul Boon had an invitation to visit the Swedish Embassy on May 11, 1979, but he died the day before to his writing desk. The only conceivable reason for the invitation may have been telling him the Boon was awarded Nobel Peace Prize.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" len="181" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]