Carom

Carom billiards is a form of billiards, and in the Dutch variant that usually meant by the term ' billiards '. The terminology of the sport is French and ' Carom ' stands for a ' point '. A Carom is created by hitting the cue ball with the two other balls.



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[hide] *1 Material  ==Material[ Edit] == ===Billiard Balls[ Edit] === The Carom billiards game is played with three balls (originally of wood, since 1800 by ivory, now exclusively synthetically manufactured). Two of the balls are white, the third is red. In order to distinguish between the two white balls, is one of the two marked with two opposite black dots or black or red circles, or is one ball completely yellow. The center line of the balls is about 61.5 mm, the weight lies between 205 and 220 grams and the balls may do not differ by more than 1 gram in weight differences. In addition, the material has to be homogeneous: each half of the ball must equal weight as the other half. Most balls used on official games are of theBelgian brand name Aramith. At three-cushion billiards is the last time often used by ' spotted balls '. On the yellow and the white ball are 6 thick red dots for the public of the ' spectacle ' enlarge. ===Billiards Table[ Edit] === The pool table is rectangular and the playing surface is twice as long as wide. The ' match-billiards ' (' big table ' or ' competition pool table ') measures 2,845 at 1,4225 metres. There are also smaller versions: one with a format of 2.30 at 1.15 metres (also called ' small table ') and there is a between size of 2.55 at 1,275 meters (also called called ' half match '). Another variant of the small table has a format of approximately 2.10 in 1,05 m. along the raised edge of the table is a rubber buffer ring made, the ' band ', with a height of 36 to 37 mm. the top of the tire is 75 to 80 cm from the floor. Both the band and the table surface are coated with pool table cloth – a wool worsted from 90% and 10% nylon. The table top is made of natural stone, usually slate. The slate plate is sometimes from one, but more often two or three parts, the thickness is at the big tables 50 or 60 mm. Slate plate is electrically heated by the Laeken (but also somewhat porous lei) absorbed moisture to dissipate, and so the balls to do experience less rolling resistance. ===Cue[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A cue (shot stick) measures usually 140 cm and has a fortified buffer at the end, the so-called pomeranets, usually made of leather. The length of the cue is up to 150 cm. the weight of the cue is not recorded, nor the average regulatory of the bitter orange. For the series games such as libre, a cushion or frame game some lighter cue chosen with a narrow pomeranets, a typical weight is 480 g, and the diameter of the Cue Tip 11 mm. For three-cushion players often prefer a heavier cue and a slightly wider pomeranets, a typical weight is 510 g with a cue tip diameter of 12 mm. when art punches have players even an entire set of choice with himbitter orange, of various lengths and weights and diameters. ==Rules and game types<span class="mw-editsection" len="337" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The objective of the game is to make as much as possible, that is to say that the caroms toy has hit both other balls. Each player has its own (white or yellow) cue ball. If a player makes a Carom may he or she again bumps, otherwise the turn to the opponent. First the prescribed number of caroms achieves has won, with the understanding that both of them should have had an equal number of spins.
 * 1.1 billiard balls
 * 1.2 Billiards table
 * 1.3 Cue
 * 2 rules and game types
 * 2.1 Libre or vrijspel
 * play Framework 2.2
 * 2.3 Band punches
 * 2.4 3-cushion
 * 2.5 Art punches
 * 2.6 Five-cone game
 * 2.7 Other game types
 * 3 top players
 * 4 external links

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The game starts with the acquits toot, where the balls are placed on prescribed positions and where the point should be made mandatory through the red ball. Who starts can be determined in a variety of ways. A common way is to both players simultaneously their ball over the full length of the pool table to play back and forth, which is about the ball as close to the short rail comes to lie still. The one who best manages to speak if he or she is going to do or acquits itself the toot that the other must start.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">As the first in the party is the one who started the required number of caroms achieves, the other a nabeurt (the equalizing turn). When you see the nabeurt of acquit gone. ===Libre or vrijspel<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The simplest game kind is the 'libre' or ' vrijspel '. There are no restrictions, the intention is just to hit the cue ball with both other balls. In the nineteenth century the top players soon found a way to make very large series, the 'Série Américaine'. It is a way of playing in which to play the balls close to the binding and which at every punch the balls but moved a few inches. So the whole band be hiked along and even becomes possible to play balls stuck in the corner to explain.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The latter Is the case, then can be made hundreds or thousands of points at high speed and to prevent mag in the corner have it all (with which the game no longer ' free ' is). In the corner is with a thin chalk line signed off a triangle within which restrictions: are both hitting balls in the triangle then just a point, but they are still both in the triangle that should to the next point one of the balls leave the triangle. That ball must return again in the triangle. On the large table is the triangle with sides that have the wrong legs length amounts to a quarter of the length of the short and the long strap (so about 71 and 36 inches) and on the small table isosceles with two sides of 17 inches, or in the upper classes that on small billiards play a quarter of the band length (about 57 and 29 cm), called the large angle. In Belgium there is always with a large corner played on small pool table.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the nineteenth century were not parties of 2500 caroms shunned, later was the length of a game of "only" 500 points. Yet it happened at major championships often that all participants be one or more of the parties played out in one turn. Also draws (tie) by one turn came settled for, then played the beginning player the party directly out, then in the nabeurt also the second player made all 500 points behind each other. Nowadays in Belgium and the Netherlands party length for the best players 400 caroms, but in the lower classes, this number is lower. In the lowest class, for example, amounts to only 30 or 40 for a turn caroms, where one needs. ===Play Framework<span class="mw-editsection" len="327" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">To making great series in the libre-which is only for those in the know were interesting to see-to complicate lines drawn parallel to the tires. This created in the corners and along the edges square frames/boxes oblong frames. To play both balls came within the line then had to, depending on the game type, at the first, second or third Carom leave one of those balls the box; in the midfield should just be played. Also this turned out to be too easy a game soon and the rules were more stringent. All kinds of formats of the playing surface have been tried even with lines not parallel to a band.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Today, three types of framework game still in use, on the large table that 47/2, 71/2 and 47/1. 47 or 71 gives the size of the frames (47 is a third of the length of the short rail, 71 half the short band) and with/2 or/1 indicates the number of caroms may be made with both balls within the framework (driestootskader no longer exists). On the small table (2.30 m) the following kinds of still in competition played: 38/2, 57/2 and 57/1 in exceptional cases.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the second respectively has to be one of the first to play Carom balls leave the framework, but should there be in return. Also, the same rules apply in middenvak this restriction is called ' integral '. The difficulty of the play can be seen different framework to what both in the Netherlands and in Belgium in the Belgian party lengths are: in 47/2 is about 300 caroms, at 71/2 to 250 and at 47/1 to 200 caroms. The parties today are what they have been less than for a very long time. At the difficult 47/1 length at international championships for a long time the party amounted to 300 points; the Dutchman Hans Vultink was the first who succeeded in getting them to make in one turn.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Where a frame line at the band comes the game easier. Therefore there ' anchors ' made, that is, a square is drawn using sides of 17.8 cm. The same rules apply as In the anchor in the frames: within the anchor may be made once a point 2 respectively but without the balls leave the anchor – even if the balls in two different frames are.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Come to both in the same frame or anchor the balls are then says the referee ' entrance ' (' incoming '). Lie down after these Carom the balls still in the box (at 47/1, that so not), then the arbitrator says ' run in it ' (' inside '). None of the leaves to the next point to play balls to run in the position is called ' box restée ' (' remained ') and is the player off. The players strive to make the balls kept on to keep both sides of a line, that position is called ' à cheval ' (' horse '). Especially around the intersection of lines there are opportunities make to large series. There will often be a ' recall ' (' call-back ') done: to play one of the balls then goes about through the line to the band, the remaining balls again and gently tap returns in a perfect position. The hardest is a ' recall ', in which a long ball all the way to the other side of the pool table needs. Vultink contained a series of listed 300 of such recall, which provoked an ovation when he succeeded the millimeter. ===Cushion<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">When band bumping, there is only one restriction: the cue ball before the last ball he must have hit at least once a band hits. There can be pretty large series be made but a fixed vantage point, such as play to the framework, there is not. After a number of punches with subtly shifting balls, another fairly favourable position should be sought. In the Netherlands and in Belgium is party length in the eredivisie 100 caroms. ===Three Bands<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">When the cue ball must three-band game hitting at least three ties before the third ball hit. The players are becoming more adept in the three ties to become series game to do, so to think ahead. Attempts by all three ball track and speed check so that after a made point to make a reasonable position remains. Just like in the other game types can be made to a greater or lesser extent to play in such a way that after the failure of the surge an extra difficult position for the opponent is left. This defensive game is called ' carotte ' (' root '). It can be very useful in a Championship, but it expresses the size of the private series.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The top players played today a lot about used to be 50, 40 or 60 caroms, 30 points, depending on the type of contest. The highest run is held by Semih Sayginer and amounts to 31 caroms. The highest average in a lot about 50 caroms amounts to 8,333, played by Eddy Merckx in 2011.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" len="161" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  the competition was done In six turns: 4, 9, 26 (its highest ever), 7, 0 and 4. ===Art Punches<span class="mw-editsection" len="328" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At the 'art punches', ' artistic billiards ' or ' billiard artistique ' consists of a fixed number of characters. The balls are placed on the cloth on the prescription and marked positions. Some figures is also a cone is placed. A player may try three times to make the Carom in the required manner, where it may be necessary that the cue ball on another heenspringt, a turn, hit three times in a row the same band, on nine tires or recessed, is having first made a considerable length forward. The Carom is made in the prescribed manner then the player gets a certain number of points depending on the difficulty of the shot, of very very difficult to extremely difficult. ===Five-cone game<span class="mw-editsection" len="331" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The five kegelspel is played on a Carom table. Official competitions are usually played on the match table format. In addition to the usual three balls are also five small cones-one red and four white-on a firm place in the middle of the pool table posted. Each player has their own game ball. Where the intention is at the ' regular ' caroms to caroms to do according to the rules of the game play, is the kegelspel the five intended as soon as possible a predetermined number of points. Which points are obtained by for example to play with another ball cones than its own toy, or a Carom, or a casin, a special kind of Carom which not affects the third ball's own cue ball, but the second ball on the third ball is played. Each of these events has its own point value. The opponent can also be a mistake leaving penalty points to the opponent go. The most remarkable difference with ordinary caroms games, however, is that the players take turns thrusting; There are no series made. The players who really skilled in the game make the opponent not easy points can score. From the sports year 2011-2012 is this game first played in Belgium. In countries such as France, Argentina and Italy is the game already for many years very popular. ===Other game types<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There are other official game species, such as the Pentathlon, and countless unofficial game types. For example, ' is a short game ofTen over red', which should be the first red ball always hit. Missed all the red ball is already void points achieved, except at the last point where a three-band shot is mandatory. Defensive play at ' ten over red ' also occurs, by which to ensure that the other player can play on red because not directly between the cue ball and the third ball will be red. ==Top Players<span class="mw-editsection" len="327" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p lang="en" len="53" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Known biljarters with an article on Wikipedia are:


 * Torbjörn Blomdahl
 * Rini van Brought (three bands)
 * Frédéric Caudron (three-cushion, cushion, frame game)
 * Raymond Ceulemans (three bands)
 * Ludo Dielis (three-cushion, cushion)
 * Dick Jaspers (three bands)
 * Sander Jonen (art punches)
 * Eddy Leppens (three bands)
 * Eddy Merckx (three bands)
 * Michael Nilsson (three bands)
 * Piet van de Pol (Framework game and three bands)
 * Henk Rae (three bands)
 * Semih Sayginer (three bands)
 * Raymond Salas (art punches)