Burma

Burma or Myanmar  ( Burmese :     ;   officially Republic of Union of Myanmar;     ) Is a country in Southeast Asia .   Myanmar is bordered to the northwest of Bangladesh and the northeast of India, in the north of China , and to the east by Laos and Thailand .   In the southwest, it has a long coastline on the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea (part of the Indian Ocean ).

The capital has since November 7, 2005 officially the central Naypyidaw (at Pyinmana ), although the move at that date only started. The old capital of Rangoon (Yangon), the largest city in the country, by including Belgium, the European Union and the United States still considered capital. The Netherlands recognizes the new capital.



Contents
*1 Etymology  ==<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[Etymology  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In 1824 the current Myanmar as a colony was annexed by the British Empire under the name Burma (Dutch spelling: Burma). When the country became independent in 1948, was initially the name used in international traffic. The name in the Myanmarees was all that time already written as  (Myanma). In 1989 the then military government to know that the country is now also would call internationally Myanmar. Governments and political groups that were opposed to the military government, as the United States and domestic dissidents, accept this 'Change' is not. Also, some media and use many western countries recently returned to the old name Burma. TheUnited Nations have a change on the other hand accepted.
 * 2 Meaning of the Flag
 * 3 course
 * 3.1 Geography
 * 3.2 Climate
 * 3.3 Natural vegetation
 * 4 Administrative divisions
 * 5 Population
 * 5.1 Religion
 * 5.2 Language
 * 6 Politics
 * 6.1 Internal political problems
 * 6.2 Protests fall 2007
 * 6.3 End of the junta
 * 7 Economics
 * 7.1 Agriculture
 * 7.2 Mining
 * 7.3 Industry
 * 7.4 Export
 * 8 History
 * 8.1 Early history
 * 8.2 Rival empires
 * 8.3 20th century
 * 8.3.1 British rule
 * 8.3.2 World War II
 * 8.3.3 Independence
 * 8.4 21st century
 * 8.4.1 Natural Disasters
 * 8.4.2 Religious violence
 * 9 Other facts
 * 10 Famous Burmese / Myanmarezen
 * 11 External links

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The name Myanmar is Myanma Naingngandaw, a local name for the land that was used in the 12th century and refers to the Myanmah, an ethnic group. The designationBurma has been taken over by the British and the Portuguese is a corruption of Bamar, an alternative spelling of the aforementioned ethnic group. The Burmese is ruling the m and b close together, the r is pronounced rarely, and in some cases the n stupid. The local ruling Myanmar and Burma is consequently they are very together and in Burmese therefore written both in the same way:  . Only transcripts to another alphabet (as the Latin alphabet), there are different spellings of the same word. ==<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);"><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;">[Meaning  of the flag <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;">edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">]  == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The current design of the national flag of Myanmar was inaugurated on 21 October 2010 . It consists of horizontal stripes yellow, green and red with a large white star in the middle. The colors symbolize solidarity (yellow), peace and tranquility (green), and courage and decisiveness (red). The same colors were used by the Japanese puppet government installed in 1943-1945. ==Of course <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[Geography  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Thai border<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Myanmar is between 10 and 28 degrees north latitude and 92 and 101 degrees east longitude. The east and west boundaries of the country are formed by mountain ranges that form the foothills of the Himalayas . The highest mountain is the "point" in the north of the country and called the Hkakabo Razi (5881 meters). In the remote highest share is eternal snow . Between these mountains lies the plain formed by the river Irrawaddy and other rivers. In the central part of Myanmar is also a dry area with little rainfall. In the east of the country lies the Shan plateau . Then there is the strip of land on the peninsula Malacca in the southeast, the Tenasserimstrook. There are also many islands off the coast of Myanmar. ===<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[Climate  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Myanmar has a tropical monsoon climate . There are three seasons, the rainy season from late May to mid-October, the cool dry season from late October to mid-February and the hot dry season from late February to mid May. The rainfall varies greatly by country, with a very dry area in the center of the country. ===Natural vegetation <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Approximately 50% of the land is covered by forests . On the coast there is a mangrove -begroeiing. In the higher areas there are forests of oak and pine trees. In the center of the country is a relatively dry area where the vegetation consists of shrubs, grasses and cacti . ==Administrative divisions <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Myanmar is politically subdivided into 21 administrative subdivisions, including: ==Population <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The population of Myanmar consists of many ethnic groups, including: Bamar (68%), Shan (9%), Karen (6%), Rakhine (5%), Chinese Birmese (3%), Mon (2%) and the Kachin (1%). A census was conducted between March 30 and April 10, 2014 with the help of the United Nations. The number of Myanmarezen was set at 51.42 million. An earlier was wrongly estimated sixty million based on extrapolations from the previous census in 1983. ===<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[Religion  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The largest part of the population is Buddhist ( theravada ) (89%). The Christianity (4%, 3% Baptists and 1% Catholic ) and Islam (4%, Sunnis) are the other main religions. One percent of the population depends on the animistic belief, the belief in spirits (the 'nats') to. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-religie_1-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[1] In addition, even among the Buddhist population animistic beliefs widely. The tribal religions of the Montagnards are shamanistic .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The first contacts with Christianity came at the end of the 16th century, created by Portuguese secular missionaries . Several religious orders (such as the Franciscans , Dominicans and Barna beets ) then have done mission work in Burma. In 1955 Burma got its own hierarchy. In 1966 many missionaries have been given notice to leave the country. Catholics now represent about 1% of the population.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The Protestant missionary work began in 1813 with the arrival of the American Baptist Adoniram Judson, which include the entire Bible into Burmese translated. ===Language <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The Burmese is the official language. On a small scale it is also English. Different ethnic groups have their own languages. ==<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[Politics  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">After a long period of British colonial rule and the Japanese occupation during the Second World War, Burma was in 1948 created the independent and democratically governed Union of Burma. The Union never reached stability by domestic conflicts related to inter-ethnic and nationalist issues, economic interests and political tendencies. In 1962 a military coup took place and the thus established junta lifted all democratic governing bodies and resources on, including the constitution. The Burma Socialist Programme Party was created, which drew to itself all political and administrative power. The means of production were nationalized, centralized economic policy and all independent reporting was banned. [https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.co.uk&sl=nl&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding&usg=ALkJrhhaoYBzH9QoROILZxsZKQfhIJEJ4w#Bron_gevraagd <sup class="noprint nopopups" style="line-height:1;">[source? ]]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">After the riots of August 1988 took place a new coup by a group of soldiers who first SLORC since 1997 and called SPDC ( State Peace and Development Council ). In May 1990, elections were held which was won by the National League for Democracy, but the outcome of these elections was rejected by the new junta.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Regardless of what naming whatsoever Burma of the board is since the appointment of the junta's generally considered a dictatorship. Those in power allow themselves to be situated nothing political dissenters and seek only their own (personal) economic and financial interests after. Openly, sometimes massive protests and resistance from the population is beaten down with harsh measures and physical violence. International politics of isolation shall be conducted: media and human rights organizations access to the country is denied and disapproving signals and sanctions on the part of the international community are ignored. Only from some neighboring countries, such as China, India and Thailand, any interference is tolerated because of mutual economic interests. ===Internal political problems <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Despite the show of power by the central government does exist resistance, often underground but also more explicit. In the border areas with Thailand raging civil war for many years: guerrilla movements of local ethnic groups (mainly Mon and Karen) conduct a guerrilla war with the Burmese army. Since 1980, more than 400,000 people fled across the border to Thailand. They live in large camps, but by the Thai government not recognized as refugees. Furthermore, there is the opposition National League for Democracy which won in 1990 the "free" elections. However, this victory was not recognized by the military rulers. After the election, many members of the National League for Democracy put in prison. Their leader Aung San Suu Kyi, the figurehead of the freedom struggle, has for twenty years been under house arrest. On 13 November 2010 her house arrest was lifted. In 1991 this woman the Nobel Peace Prize awarded. ===Protests autumn 2007 <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Protests against the government."Free Burma". Cartoon that expresses solidarity with the protesters.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">For the first time since the end of the eighties the end of September 2007 as a protest movement of a growing number of Buddhist monks started. With nonviolent marches they expressed the desire for a democratic country governed. After several days added an ever growing stream of citizens joined them. They flanked the monks with the apparent intention not only to support their call but also to protect them physically against possible violence by the military junta. The protests sometimes took an estimated 25,000 to 50,000 people participated in Yangon , Mandalay , Henzada (Hinthada) and Monywa . <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">This placed the government for a major dilemma. Monks in Myanmar very high, almost sacred status and great authority which governs moral values. Without intervention would their action into large, perhaps uncontrollable unrest could result in the entire country. The - violent - precipitation of the movement, however, could lead to the same.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The increase moderation of discussions that might lead to compromise, but the government had not mastered in the previous decades. On September 26, the army intervened, when the protesting crowd tried the Sule Pagoda in Yangon reach. According to some reports, were up 5 deaths, [https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.co.uk&sl=nl&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding&usg=ALkJrhhaoYBzH9QoROILZxsZKQfhIJEJ4w#Bron_gevraagd <sup class="noprint nopopups" style="line-height:1;">[source? ]] the government spoke of one dead.Earlier in the day were arrested in Yangon about 200 monks and citizens. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[9] On September 27, 2007 security forces stormed overnight two monasteries in Rangoon. An estimated two hundred monks were arrested. In the afternoon, there were 9 deaths, including the Japanese journalist Kenji Nagai by the news agency AFP .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">On October 1, reports came out about thousands of deaths and mass killings by the army. Fled defected officers claimed that many monks were forced into trucks, before being executed in the jungle, and that other monks were stuck in their monasteries and the University of Rangoon, which was converted into a prison complex. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[10] were, according to some reports, 200 prisoners released on 5 October. The Myanmar ambassador to the United Nations, Kyaw Tint Swe, said thereon to the UN Security Council in New York that more releases would follow. [https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.co.uk&sl=nl&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding&usg=ALkJrhhaoYBzH9QoROILZxsZKQfhIJEJ4w#Bron_gevraagd <sup class="noprint nopopups" style="line-height:1;">[source? ]] His statement was possible objective intervention of the Security Councilto prevent. [https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.co.uk&sl=nl&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding&usg=ALkJrhhaoYBzH9QoROILZxsZKQfhIJEJ4w#Bron_gevraagd <sup class="noprint nopopups" style="line-height:1;">[source ? ]] ===<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);"><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[End  of the junta <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">]  === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">On January 31, 2011, a new constitution into force, which formally ended the military government. At this date, the first meeting of the newly formed parliament, a bicameral parliament whose lower house consists of 440 seats and the upper house of 224 seats. On 4 February 2011, Thein Sein was elected president of Myanmar, the first civilian head of state of Myanmar in nearly 50 years. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[11] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[12]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Observers have noted, however, that although a formal end to the military rule, but many members of parliament as well as the new president ex-servicemen who have resigned before the election in the army to take place in the ' civilian 'government. The international community also has doubts as to the impact of political changes. [https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.co.uk&sl=nl&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding&usg=ALkJrhhaoYBzH9QoROILZxsZKQfhIJEJ4w#Bron_gevraagd <sup class="noprint nopopups" style="line-height:1;">[source? ]]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Still, there are around and after the change in management developments put in motion which seem to indicate more civil and political rights. In November 2010, Aung San Suu Kyi was released several political prisoners were given amnesty in 2011 <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[13] and in January 2012 it came to a ceasefire between the Burmese government and the KNU, a rebel group, the Karen -volk. Events like these are greeted with cautious optimism. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[14] The European Union suspended most sanctions against Myanmar for a year. The EU said that the measure was to promote democratic reforms in Myanmar. The arms embargo against the Asian country remained in force, as decided by the European foreign ministers. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[15] ==Economy <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In Myanmar the people have a very low income, one third of the people live below the poverty line and according to the United Nations, 10% do not even have money to get daily food. According to international reports, it is the policy of the junta's the cause. They have destroyed the economy and the country is now among the poorest in the world. Government measures have led to shortages and massive currency devaluation which, for example citizens in 1987 in one fell swoop all had lost their savings. In August 2007 to increase fuel prices by 500% transporting food and consumer goods to the population centers was priceless. Many western companies have now left the country, under pressure from activist groups and threats of boycotts . Although the country has a sufficient degree of oil, gas, tropical hardwoods and precious stones such as jade and rubies (of exceptional quality), but all that is exported to and through neighboring countries. Go where the income is questionable. ===Agriculture <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Agriculture provides employment and livelihood for 64% of the population. The main agricultural product is rice . Corn and sugarcane are other important crops. ===<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[Mining  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Myanmar has many natural resources but lack of capital, these hardly exploited. There are many gems found in the country, especially the rubies from Myanmar are highly sought after because of their "purity". The logging is a major source of income. Especially the teak is in demand. Many of these companies exported via Thailand to avoid sanctions.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The country is natural gas found. The year-end 2011 reserves were estimated at about 220 billion m <sup style="line-height:1;">3. The gas production shows an upward trend. In 2004, for the first time more than 10 billion <sup style="line-height:1;">m3  produced in 2011 and this increased to 12.5 billion <sup style="line-height:1;">m3  per year. The domestic gas consumption is low and much of the gas will be exported to Thailand . In the financial year 2011/2012 gas exports yielded about $ 3.5 billion, and the IMF expects it to rise to $ 4 billion in 2013. China is a second major customer. We are working on a gas pipeline from the Shwe gas field off the coast of Myanmar to Ruili on the border with the Chinese province of Yunnan. This project is expected to be completed by mid-2013. In addition to this gas pipeline is also underway to a 770-kilometer oil pipeline. Oil comes from the Middle East is unloaded at a new oil import terminal in Myanmar and hence pumped to China. China thus will its dependence on oil supply by tankers through the narrow Strait of Malacca decrease. ===Industry <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The industry produces mainly for the domestic market on a small scale. ===Export <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Myanmar is now known locally and internationally as a country where the army is a very large producer and exporter of LSD and opium . Typically, these products are sold to Thai and Chinese traders they in Asiaand Europe market. The government denies this but gives admitted to having a problem with smuggling of these products. In a recent televised report argues the BBC, however, that the army herein apparently the state does play a role because the plantations are always located in the vicinity of military camps. ==History <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Early history <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Well before the beginning of our era began from today's China or North India migration of the Mon . Then followed the Pyu, the Karen , the Chin , the Burmans , the Shan and Kachin . ===Rival empires <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The Mon settled in the river area of the Irrawaddy and founded include the city of Pegu (Bago). The Pyu lived in central Burma, their capital was called Sri Kshetra, the current Prome . In 832 the Pyu were defeated by the Thai and deported. The Burmese also came from China. They lived in northern Burma, but after 832 gradually took the place of the Pyu and also expelled the Mon. In 849 they founded a kingdom with its capital Pagan on the Irrawaddy River. In 1044 ascended king Anawrahta the throne and thus began the first Burmese kingdom (1044-1287). Under the kings of the Pagan Dynasty Burma reached the first period of great prosperity and unity. Anawrahta subjugated the whole Mon allowing current to Myanmar was first unified. In Pagan hundreds of temples were built. But in 1287 attacked the Mongols led by Kublai Khan entered the country and put an end to the Burmese empire.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The empire fell apart and was several centuries Burma divided into several states. In the north of the country dominated the Shan. The capital was first Sagaing, then in 1364 Ava (or Inwa), both in the vicinity of the current Mandalay . On the Irrawaddy resurrected the Mon kingdom of Pegu (Bago or) that prolonged wars fought against the Thai and Shan. In Toungoo, between Ava and Pegu, was a small Burmese state, which benefited from the wars between the Shan and Mon states and both to themselves subdued: in 1539 conquered Pegu and in 1555 Ava. That king founded Bayinnaung the Second Burmese kingdom (1539-1752) with its capital Pegu . He also led wars against Siam (Thailand) and captured in 1569 the capital of Ayutthaya . The conquests incidentally, did not last long position. In 1635 the capital was transferred from Pegu to Ava. In 1740 came the Mon revolted and drove the Burmese out of the river and then, in 1752, from Ava and made ​​thus ending the Second Burmese kingdom.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">But the Mon were soon beaten back by the Burmese under a new leader Alaungpaya, who proclaimed himself king and thus founded the Third Burmese kingdom (1752-1885). He united with a firm hand the Burmese peoples under a single realm. King Hsinbyushin met a Chinese invasion and conquered in 1767 again briefly Siam, which Ayutthaya was completely destroyed. Viceroy Bodawpaya were Assam and Arakansubject. This led to tensions with the British Empire in India. During the Third Burmese kingdom's capital was moved regularly: in 1783 from Ava to Amarapura in 1813 back to Ava, in 1841 (after a devastating earthquake in 1838 ) back to Amarapura and in 1861 to Mandalay . ===20th century <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ====British rule <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Border and trade disputes with the British Empire in India led to three English-Burmese wars: in 1824 , 1852 and 1885 . The British conquered Burma and eventually completely since 1885 Burma was part of the British Empire. Thus ended the Third Burmese kingdom. The last king, Thibaw, was exiled to India. ====World War II <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In 1942, Burma was captured by the Japanese who wanted to use it as a springboard to invade India. To achieve this goal was the Burma railway constructed. This railway line is notorious for the hard labor of Allied, Burmese, Thai, Indian and Malaysian prisoner of war, of which more than 100,000 died from exhaustion, disease and malnutrition. In 1945 the Japanese were the allies ousted. ====Independence <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The Union of Burma was in 1948 and was independent from the outset unstable by uprisings of the various hill tribes and nationalities who wanted autonomy. There were also communist revolts. The latter was a response by the United States and Taiwan supported attacks Kuomintangmilitairen in China. In 1962, Burma became a military dictatorship and in 1974 it became a one-party state. In 1989 the name was changed to the Union of Burma in the Union of Myanmar. In 1990 won the National League for Democracy led by Aung San Suu Kyi's first free elections, but the result was not recognized by the military rulers. Since then, many supporters of the latter are detained and state they themselves regularly under house arrest or in other ways intimidated. The military government is put under pressure by several Western governments with sanctions to allow free elections and to do something about the drug trade . ===21st century <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ====<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);"><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[Natural  disasters <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">]  ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">In May 2008, Myanmar was hit by Cyclone Nargis . The official death toll is over 77,000. By official agents, the death toll is estimated at 100,000. Approximately 55,000 people were missing. 1.5 million people needed help.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Two large earthquakes on Thursday 24 March 2011 affected the eastern part of the Asian country Myanmar. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0 on the Richter scale. The earthquakes were according to the US center USGS place 10 kilometers deep. The tremors following the severe earthquake with the strength of 9.0 that struck Japan earlier in March. ====Religious violence <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The Burmese government has made under the leadership of Thein Sein democratic reforms in the years 2008-2012 and the state largely demilitarized (see above "End of the junta"); this has led to more freedom, but also come to the surfaced of years of suppressed tensions between different religious groups in Myanmar. In June 2012 violence broke out in western Burma between the Muslim Rohingya, originally from Bangladesh come, and local Buddhists who would have none of them, after a Buddhist woman was allegedly raped and murdered by a Muslim. This led to widespread riots, after the government's state of emergency proclaimed for Rakhine. The riots resulted in 88 deaths,  and new riots late October demanded further 80 fatalities; 100,000 people, mostly Rohingya, have been displaced. In March 2013 violence revived in the town of Meiktila in central Burma, where several Muslim neighborhoods were burned by angry Buddhists after a Muslim would have killed a monk. Shortly before, there had been an incident between a Buddhist and a Muslim family jeweler. Even when it was proclaimed a state of emergency in several cities. The underlying cause was that the local Mandalayse Muslims showed sympathy for the persecuted Rohingya months earlier, which were difficult to digest their Buddhist neighbors. Although the riots still could be dismissed as an "ethnic conflict", there now was unmistakably religious violence. The government feared that the unrest would reach to the capital, Rangoon, but nobody, even Aung San Suu Kyi not, it seemed to want to record for the Muslims, particularly the Rohingya. In the night of 2 to April 3, 2013 broke into a mosque / religious school in a district of Rangoon fire in which 13 children aged between 10 and 15 year died; although the government swore that this was to short-circuit, almost no single Muslim believed that it was an accident, and they suspected arson of Buddhists. ==Other facts <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Burmese have a unique system to give names. The system of naming in Myanmar (Burma) is very old. It is for Westerners often very difficult to understand system because the majority of the population does not use surnames and easily changes its name. Besides the names are also all sorts of titles interred still more confusing it all. In the time of a Western domination system was introduced by the British, but since independence is preferable to the traditional system. ==Known Burmese / Myanmarezen <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==
 * U Thant (1909-1974), diplomat
 * Aung San (1915-1947), a revolutionary
 * Tin Moe (1933-2007), poet
 * Aung San Suu Kyi (1945), politician and dissident