Fanfare for the Common Man

 Fanfare for the Common Man  is a musical work by American composer Aaron Copland. The piece was written in 1942 for the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra under conductor Eugene Goossens. It was inspired in part by a famous speech made earlier in the same year where vice president Henry A. Wallace proclaimed the dawning of the "Century of the Common Man". Several alternative versions have been made and fragments of work have appeared in many subsequent US and British cultural productions, such as in the musical scores of movies.

Instrumentation
A fanfare is a short piece scored for brass and percussion. The fanfare is written for the following instruments:


 * four horns (in F)
 * three trumpets (in B♭ )
 * three trombones
 * tuba
 * timpani
 * tam-tam
 * bass drum

The Fanfare
Henry A. Wallace whose speech proclaiming the arrival of "the century of the Common Man" inspired the title of Copland's fanfare.Copland, in his autobiography, wrote of the request: "Eugene Goossens, conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, had written to me at the end of August about an idea he wanted to put into action for the 1942-43 concert season. During World War I he had asked British composers for a fanfare to begin each orchestral concert. It had been so successful that he thought to repeat the procedure in World War II with American composers". A total of 18 fanfares[ 1 ] were written at Goossens' behest, but Copland's is the only one which remains in the standard repertoire.

It was written in response to the US entry into World War II and was inspired in part by a famous 1942 speech[ 2 ] where vice president Henry A. Wallace proclaimed the dawning of the "Century of the Common Man".[ 3 ]

Goossens had suggested titles such as Fanfare for Soldiers, or sailors or airmen, and he wrote that "[i]t is my idea to make these fanfares stirring and significant contributions to the war effort...." Copland considered several titles including Fanfare for a Solemn Ceremony and Fanfare for Four Freedoms; to Goossens' surprise, however, Copland titled the piece Fanfare for the Common Man. Goossen wrote "Its title is as original as its music, and I think it is so telling that it deserves a special occasion for its performance. If it is agreeable to you, we will premiere it 12 March 1943 at income tax time". Copland's reply was "I [am] all for honoring the common man at income tax time".[ 4 ]

Copland later used the fanfare as the main theme of the fourth movement of his Third Symphony (composed between 1944 - 1946.)

On television and other media
The fanfare has found much use as a theme for television programs. In the United States, it was used on the television program "You Are There" in its later years during the show's closing credits. Emerson, Lake and Palmer's arrangement of Fanfare for the Common Man was the opening theme song for the CBS Sports Spectacular. In Mexico, it was the main title theme of TV Azteca TV sport program DeporTV. In Scotland, the BBC used it as the theme to their main news program Reporting Scotland in the late 1970s and early 1980s. An early 1980s Canadian television series called "Titans" used Fanfare as its opening theme music.

In Australia, the Seven Network used Emerson, Lake & Palmer's version in the 1980s and early 1990s as the theme music for Seven Sport broadcasts, and continued to use a teaser version up until 2011. In the early 1980s when Channel 0/28 (now SBS One) would begin transmission for the night, they would use the Aaron Copland version as their opening theme. It was also used as the opening theme for the network's very first night of transmission.

In the 1980s and early 1990s, Channel 3, the English language television channel operated by oil company Saudi Aramco in Dhahran, KSA, used the fanfare as their opening and closing theme. The channel broadcast American and British television shows and films.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">During the 1980s, the Nine Network televised a lifestyle program call "World of Boats" (later to be broadened and called "World of Leisure") hosted by Chris Conroy which used the Emerson, Lake and Palmer version as the theme for the program.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In the mid-1990s, the piece was used as background music in United States Navy recruitment advertisements.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">The Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL have used it as part of a pre-game video introduction of the team before it takes to the ice since moving into the United Center in 1994.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 5 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">This piece was used as the postlude at the funeral for Ronald Brown, Bill Clinton's Commerce Secretary, on April 10, 1996, at the National Cathedral.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">On November 19, 2008, it was played as the wake-up music for the shuttle crew STS-126 for mission pilot Eric A. Boe. It was also played on July 20, 2011, as the wake-up music for the crew of STS-135- the final Space Shuttle mission - for mission commander Christopher Ferguson.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">On January 18, 2009, it was played at the beginning of We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial. It was also played at the beginning of "An American Reunion", the concert (also at the Lincoln Memorial) on the Saturday prior to the inauguration of Bill Clinton in 1992.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Several feature films employ the piece for dramatic effect. John Williams' main themes for the 1978 Superman film are partially based on the fanfare and his original score for Saving Private Ryandraws heavily on its soundworld (though Copland's piece is not actually heard in either movie). The fanfare functioned as Jimmy King's theme in Ready to Rumble. The Bollywood film Parindaprominently features the piece as background score, including in a haunting opening depicting shots of Bombay.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 6 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">On October 9, 2004, it was played as Queen Elizabeth II and her procession entered the debating chamber during the opening ceremony of the new Scottish Parliament building in Edinburgh.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">The first three notes of the piece are coincidentally the same as the sound made by the motors and door chimes of the MR-73 class of cars on the Montreal Metro as they leave the station and accelerate.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 7 ] "Fanfare for the Common Man" was one of the musical themes for Expo 67, which was held in Montreal.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">On September 21, 2012, Fanfare was played at Los Angeles International Airport as the Space Shuttle Endeavour touched down after its final flight.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 8 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">It featured in BBC Television's children's television programme, Melody, as the second piece to inspire Melody's imagination. She imagined a family of elephants enjoying a mud bath.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 9 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">On May 15, 2014, it was played by the New York Philharmonic at the dedication of the 9/11 Museum in in lower Manhattan.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 10 ]

<span class="mw-headline" id="Alternative_versions" style="box-sizing:border-box;">Alternative versions
This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010)<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Copland's fanfare was used in 1977 by British rock band Emerson, Lake & Palmer on the album Works Volume 1. The track became one of the band's biggest hits when an edited version was released as a single that year. It peaked at No. 2 in the UK. Keith Emerson had long been an admirer of Copland's Americana style, previously using Copland's Hoedown on the band's Trilogy album in 1972.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">An excerpt of Fanfare for the Common Man was used to open the Rolling Stones Tour of the Americas '75, and their Tour of Europe '76 supporting their Black and Blue album.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">The American rock band Styx has also used the Copland piece. Their 1972 eponymous debut album opens with a suite called Movement for the Common Man. The third section of the suite, titledFanfare for the Common Man, is loosely based on the Copland original.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Additionally, the rock band Asia (which shares the drummer Carl Palmer from Emerson, Lake & Palmer) often plays a variation of "Fanfare" during their live shows. Different versions have appeared on various live Asia albums over the years as well.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">The Woody Herman Orchestra was known for closing their performances with a jazz rendition of Fanfare for the Common Man. It appears on the 1976 CD Woody Herman • Featuring Stan Getz

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Bob Dylan has opened his shows with "Fanfare for the Common Man".<span class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;white-space:nowrap;">[<span data-title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)" style="box-sizing:border-box;">citation needed]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Mannheim Steamroller also has a version on its "American Spirit" album. On August 28, 2010, it was played at the beginning of Glenn Beck's Restoring Honor rally.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 11 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">On January 12, 2011, the piece opened "Together We Thrive: Tucson and America", the memorial service for the victims of the 2011 Tucson shooting following the attempted assassination ofGabrielle Giffords and the murder of six others.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 12 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">On July 19, 2011, it was played as the wake-up music for the shuttle crew of STS-135, the final mission for the Space Shuttle Atlantis and the final overall shuttle mission.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">Formula 1 Theme on Rede Globo in year 70/80 in the version of ELP.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">English Football League Championship side, Wolverhampton Wanderers play the introduction to the fanfare before all home matches, followed by Jeff Beck's version of Hi Ho Silver Lining.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">The Israeli foreign affairs TV show Roim Olam used the ELP version in its opening title.

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">In the 1990s, "Fanfare" began to be used to welcome the winner of the Aintree Grand National Steeplechase from the racecourse to the winner's enclosure as the timing of the piece roughly matched the time it took the winner to make the journey. When the enclosure was moved in 2010, "Fanfare" was used instead to announce the procession of competitors from the paddock to the course before the race.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:0.53em;line-height:0;position:relative;top:-0.5em;">[ 13 ]

<p style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:15px;">An excerpt was used in the opening of The San Remo Festival 2015