Anne Frank

Annelies Marie Frank (Anne) (Frankfurt am Main, 12 June 1929 – Bergen-Belsen, beginning March[1]  1945) was a Jewish girl from Germany come that known for the diary she wrote during the Second World War, when she was in hiding in Amsterdam. She died of exhaustion and/or typhus in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp . The journal is published posthumously and later translated into many languages. The book now has a circulation of many millions.

Anne Frank is included in the Canon of Netherlands Van Oostrom Commission as one of the fifty themes.



Content
[hide] *1 By Germany to Amsterdam 
 * 2 live in the secret annex
 * 3 betrayal and further fate
 * 4 Death
 * Journal 5
 * 6 Other literary work
 * 7 Tribute
 * Anne Frank Fund 8
 * 9 Nomination grootste Nederlander
 * 10 Stolperstein in Aachen
 * 11 Literature
 * 12 secondary literature
 * 13 external links

From Germany to Amsterdam
The Frank family moved in 1933 of the German Frankfurt am Main, where Anne was born, to Amsterdam to to to escape persecution by the Nazis . Anne followed early 1934. The family went to live at the Merwedeplein (behind the Daniel Willinkplein, the current victory square), in a new housing estate in Amsterdam.

Anne was just thirteen years old when she went into hiding in July 1942 in a secret annex behind the Opekta company by her father Otto Frank to the Prinsengracht 263.The door between for House and outhouse was hidden behind a bookcase. In the front House and worked in the warehouse staff, some of whom were aware of the people in hiding.

Anne Frank and her family lost their German nationality in 1941 because of a German law. The family became statelessat the time. By her death she could recover the German nationality after the war no more, as far as they wanted it. The Dutch nationality, she has never gotten there that is granted only to living persons. After the war her father refused German nationality and became in 1949 Dutchman.

Live in the secret annex
Anne Frank lived with her parents and sister in the secret annex by 6 July 1942 until 4 August 1944. There were a total of eight people in hiding: Otto and Edith Frank(Annes parents), Anne's older sister Margot, Mr. and Mrs. Van Pels with their son Peter (which stood for the model family of Daan in the diary) and subsequently, a Jewish dentist Fritz Pfeffer(most famous as the subject of the journal character Devi).

In these years kept Anne in a Journal, in which she wrote about the fear of the main character ' Anne ' while in hiding, her budding feelings for Peter, the quarrels with her parents and her ambitions to be writer . The only piece of nature that the main character in the book could see from the attic room was top of a chestnut tree. Decades later would this tree be labeled as Anne Frank tree . Anne wrote a number of Scriptures vol. after a call on radio Orange in London to collect diaries which could be published after the war, they rewrote a large portion. In ten weeks she wrote 324 sheets full, but she could no longer complete the book.

Hear the secret annex to Dutch literature, it is an adaptation of the reality. So come in the book events for which the writer cannot have experienced, such as raids on the Prinsengracht.

Betrayal and further fate
After more than two years in hiding were betrayed: their hiding place was discovered. They were by the Grüne Polizei and Dutch police officers arrested on 4 August 1944 and through camp Westerbork to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp drained, and a month later transferred to Bergen-Belsen. It is not known who betrayed the people.

The diary was found by two staff members in the House that the people belonged to the helpers: Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl (most famous as the subject of Elly Foxes in the journal).

After they were arrested were the people in hiding and two other helpers, Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman, to the headquarters of the Gestapo in Amsterdam-Zuid driven. After some time in a room with other prisoners were to have been sitting, Kugler and Kleiman brought to another cell. It was the last time they saw their friends. Of the people in hiding survived only Otto Frank, the inventor of the hiding plan, the war.

The next day were the people to jail at the Kleine-Gartmanplantsoen, where they stayed two days. On 8 August 1944, they were brought to Amsterdam Central Station.Once the passengers were inside, the doors locked. at mid-day the train at its destination to: camp Westerbork.

The people were put in a criminal barak because they are not willing to ' employment in Germany ' (in reality: for mass destruction) had reported. Their heads were shaven, they were given less food and had to work harder than other prisoners. Their work consisted of the dismantling of end-of-life batteries. The conscious barak, number 67, was sold and demolished in 1957, and in Veendam reconstructed and used as a barn. On the place where the barrack stood hangs a cloth with an image of the structure.The Memorial Centre Westerbork in 2009 was the barak plan to rebuild on the original spot, but a fire on 18 July of that year made this impossible.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the morning of 3 september 1944 were about a thousand people brought to the East. A selection of leader came the night before to the criminal barak, where he read out the names on his list. Also the people from the secret annexe heard at that. It was the last train that was leaving from Westerbork to Auschwitz.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On 5 september, while in the Netherlands was Dolle Dinsdag, arrived in the death camp train Auschwitz II-Birkenau. The eight people in hiding the infamous passed selection for the gas chambers. Then the men were separated from the women. Otto Frank, Hermann van Pels, Peter van Pels and Fritz Pfeffer were taken to the nearby camp Auschwitz I carried away. Anne, Margot, mother and stayed behind in the women's camp of Birkenau. After several weeks, Anne scabies. She was in the so-called Krätzeblock (crab block) separated by a high wall that was accommodated by the rest of the camp. Margot went with her.

Death
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On 28 October 1944 departed a transport with 1308 women from Birkenau to Bergen-Belsenconcentration camp. Probably also made part of Anne and Margot out. Edith remained behind and died on 6 January 1945. Around late February or mid-March 1945 died Margot. A few days later Anne died, probably of typhus. In that period showed an estimated 17,000 prisoners living in Bergen-Belsen. Camp was then no more, the reason that the exact dates of death of Anne and Margot are no longer to figure out.

Journal
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Anne Frank wrote her diary in the form of letters to a fictional friend Kitty. She wrote: "I'll hope I can entrust everything to you, as I have been able still to no one, and I hope you will be a great support for me. '

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the writer and her and diaries, has kept the journal paper helper Miep Gies. Only Anne's father Otto survived the death camp. Gies gave the diary after the war to the father of the writer. Otto Frank edited the text and/or let others do, and published the book in 1947 under the title Het Achterhuis. It has since become one of the most widely read books in the world.

Other literary work
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Anne Frank is not only the author of the secret annex. She wrote in her short life more. In 2004 it appeared pretty-phrasebook. On the advice of her father had Anne (in a cash journal) transcribed excerpts from the many books they read on her hiding place. It comes to fragments and rhymes that her very prepared. In most cases it concerns adult literature in Dutch, German and English. The book includes facsimiles of Annes original handwriting with the printing. The manuscript was already exhibited in theAnne Frank House and abroad, but did not appear in print previously.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Spread are some poems of Anne appeared that are not bundled. Furthermore, in its name the book stories, and events from the secret annex.

Tribute
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On Saturday 9 July 2005 was on the Merwedepleinwhere the Frank family lived from 1934 to 1942, unveiled a monument in memory of Anne Frank.. Of older date is an image of her on the westermarkt, close to the hiding place. There is no other writer of whom in Amsterdam two statues stand. In the former Jewish quarter is a street named after Anne Frank. Also the Montessori school, where Anne Frank in 1941 had to leave because she was Jewish, carries her name.

Anne Frank Fund
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1963, Otto Frank and his second wife, Elfriede Geiringer-Markovits the Anne Frank Fund, based in Basel in Switzerland. The Fund supports projects for young people around the world to include information on racism. Otto Frank died In 1980 at the age of 91. He donated the diary to the NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE for WAR DOCUMENTATION before.

Nomination grootste Nederlander
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Anne Frank In 2004 was nominated for the television program the greatest Dutchman. For this reason the host broadcaster KRO was to suggest Anne Frank posthumously to Stan Getz. This proposal was supported by a number of MPs. Under Dutch law, however, only living persons eligible for naturalization. In the opinion of the Anne Frank Foundation, which manages the House where Anne Frank went into hiding has been sitting for a long time as a Dutch citizen, Anne Frank is considered because they are in her literary work in Netherlands Netherlands grew up and wrote.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The KRO decided the nomination of the stateless person formally in order to preserve Anne Frank, all the more so as the possession of the Dutch nationality at the election of De grootste Nederlander there doesn't really matter would. They finished in 8th place in the final election.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At a similar television program in Germany (Unsere Besten for the election of the largest German) Anne Frank was also nominated. They ended up here on the 134ste place.

Stolperstein in Aachen
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In May 2009 it was decided for Anne Frank, her sister Margot and her mother Edith each to set up a monument in Aachen in Germany, the last residence for their coming to the Netherlands. The Cologne artist Gunter Demnig would dedicate reminder three brass plates in the pavement in front of the House where the three in 1933 at Ediths mother lived, for their flight to Netherlands. Demnig here and there in the earlier Federal Republic, and in Netherlands, already some 17,000 pictures, so-calledStolpersteine (stumbling blocks) places like small monuments to the victims of the Nazis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" len="162" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]