Geography of Canada

The geography of Canada spreads across a vast and diverse area. Canada takes an important part of North America in batter (41% of the continent) and is in terms of surface area on Russia after the largest country.

Canada extends between the Pacific Ocean to the West, the Atlantic Ocean to the East and the Arctic Ocean in the North (hence the Canadian national motto "from sea to sea" (A Mari usque ad Mare)). In addition, the country is bordered in the South to the United States and also to the u.s. State of Alaska in the Northwest.Greenland lies just northeast of Canada. Near the southern coast of Newfoundland lies Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, a French overseas collectivity. Since 1925, Canada claims the part of the polar regions on between 60 ° W and 141 ° W longitude to the North Pole. This claim is not recognized internationally.

The country consists of a surface area of 9.984.670 km² (of which 9.093.507 acres (2.0 km2) of land and 891 163 km² water) with which it almost 139 times greater than Netherlands and Belgium together. The total area is slightly larger than both the United States Canada as the People's Republic of China.

The northernmost settlement in Canada (and the world) is a base of the Canadian forces. This is located just north of Alert in the Nunavut territory at the northern tip of Ellesmere Island (longitude 82.5 ° N) on 834 km from the North Pole.

The geomagnetic North Pole is located within the Arctic territory that claims the Canada.



Content
[hide] *1 physical geography  ==Physical geography[ Edit] == Canada covers an area of 9 984 670 km², and has a whole range of geoklimatologische regions with vast maritime terrain and, with 202 080 km in length, the longest coastline in the world. The physical geography of Canada is very diverse. Numerous present throughout the country are the taiga's. Ice is mainly reflected in the Northern Rocky Mountains and Arctic regions and the Boreal forests are located throughout the country, including the Arctic, the Coast Mountains and the St. Elias mountains. The relatively flat area of the Canadian Prairies are advantageous for agricultural activities. The Great Lakes feed the Saint Lawrence River (in the Southeast) and here is the low country where a large proportion of the Canadian population lives. ===Appalachian Mountains[ Edit] === The Appalachian mountains is a mountain range that extends from Alabama in the Southern United States to the Gaspé peninsula and the Atlantic provinces, creating rolling hills indented by river valleys. The Massif (more specifically the Notre Dame Mountains and the Long Range Mountains) is an old and eroded mountain range with an age of around 380 million years. Notable peaks in the Appalachian mountains are Mont Jacques-Cartier (Quebec, 1 268 m) and the Carleton (New Brunswick, 817 m). Certain parts of the Appalachian mountains have a rich native flora and fauna and are believed to have been nunataks during the lastglacial era. ===The Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The Horseshoe Falls in Niagara Falls (Ontario), one of the world's largest waterfalls,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AtlasSignificantFacts_1-0" len="194" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[1]  a major source for hydro-electric power and a tourist destination.The Great Lakes from space<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The southern parts of Quebec and Ontario, in the area of the Great Lakes (completely bounded by Ontario on the Canadian side) and the basin of the St. Lawrence River (often called St. Lawrence lowlands ), is a fertile plain of sediments. Prior to the colonization and the strong urban extensions of the twentieth century this area was covered with large mixed forests on a flat land between the Appalachian mountains and the Canadian Shield. Most of this forest was cleared for agriculture and logging but the remaining pieces are largely protected.
 * Appalachian mountains 1.1
 * 1.2 the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence
 * 1.3 Canadian Shield
 * 1.4 the Canadian Plains of the Interior
 * 1.5 the Western Cordillera
 * 1.6 Volcanoes
 * 1.7 the Canadian polar regions
 * 2 hydrography
 * 2.1 catchment
 * 3 political geography
 * 4 natural resources
 * 5 Extreme points
 * 6 References

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">While the relief of this lowland is flat and regularly are a set Group under the name of Monteregian Hills spread along a mostly regular line along the area. The most famous are Mont Royal and Mont Saint-Hilaire in Montreal. These hills are known for their precious minerals ===Canadian Shield<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Large parts of Ontario and Quebec as well as Nunavut and parts of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Labrador are covered by a vast rock formation named Canadian Shield. The shield mostly consists of eroded hilly landscape and features many important rivers used in hydro-electric power stations, particularly in Northern Quebec and Ontario. The shield includes wetland areas of the lowland of the Hudson Bay. Some regions of the shield are referred to as mountain ranges. Examples include the Torngat and Laurentian mountainsthe.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The shield is not able to allow intensive agriculture, although in most river valleys and around the numerous lakes sound agriculture and small-scale dairy farms exist, particularly in the southern regions. Boreal foreststake up most of the shield, with a mixture of conifers as an important raw material for the logging. The region is known for its large mineral files. ===The Canadian Plains of the Interior<span class="mw-editsection" len="365" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Canadian Prairies are part of the vast Great Plains sedimentary that much of Alberta and Saskatchewan and Southwestern Manitoba include. The prairies generally describe the extensions of (mostly flat) arable agricultural land which allow extensive grain farming in the southern part of the provinces. Nevertheless, some areas such as the Cypress Hills and the Alberta Badlands yet fairly hilly. In the West of Alberta the prairies over in the Foothills of the Rocky Mountains. ===The Western Cordillera<span class="mw-editsection" len="351" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Canadian Cordillera, which is part of the North American Cordillera, stretches from the Rocky Mountains in the East to the Pacific Ocean.

<p lang="en" len="552" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Columbia River and the Fraser River have their headwaters in the Canadian Rockies and are respectively the second-and third-largest river, which drain to the west coast of North America.

The temperate climate of Vancouvermakes the growth of different types of palm trees as possible.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Adjacent to the West of the mountains is a large continental plateau that the regions of the Cariboo Chilcotin District and in the central part of British Columbia (the Fraser plateau and basin complex) and the Nechako plateau further in the North include. The Peace RiverValley in the northeast of British Columbia is the most northerly agricultural area of Canada. The dry, temperate climate of the Okanagan Valley in South Central British Columbia offers ideal conditions for fruit-growing and has a thriving wine industry. Between the plateau and the coast is a second mountain range, the Coast Mountains. The Coast Mountains have some of the largest ice fields in the world in a temperate climate.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On the South coast of British Columbia Vancouver Island is separated from the Mainland by the continuous water masses of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, the Strait of Georgiaand Johnstone Strait. In these Straits include a large number of islands such as the Gulf Islands. In the North are the Queen Charlotte Islands along the Street by Hecate in the region of Bella Coola. Unlike the plateau areas of the Interior and the river valleys, most of British Columbia a conifer forest. The only temperate rain forests in Canada are found along the Pacific coast in the Coast Mountains, on Vancouver Island, and on the Queen Charlotte Islands. ===Volcanoes<span class="mw-editsection" len="335" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Mount Garibaldi from Squamish in British Columbia<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Western Canada has many volcanoes and is part of a system of volcanoes to the margins of the Pacific Ocean called Ring of fire. There are over 200 young volcanic centres spread between the Cascade Range and the Canadian Yukonterritory. They are grouped into five volcanic belts with different volcano types and plate tectonics. TheNorthern Cordilleran Volcanic Province was formed by faulting, cracking, rifting, and the interaction between the Pacific plate and the North American plate. The Garibaldi volcanic belt was formed by subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath the North American plate. The Anahim volcanic belt was developed as a result of the North American plate that westbound about Anahim hotspot. It is assumed that the Chilcotingroep is emerging as a result of back-arc extension behind the Cascadia subduction zone of. The Wrangell volcanic field formed after a subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the North American plate at the easternmost side of the Aleutian Trench.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There are also found in the Canadian Shieldvolcanism. It contains over 150 volcanic belts (now deformed and eroded to nearly flat plains) that range from 600 million to 2.8 billion years. Many of the Canadian ore deposits are associated with Precambrian volcanoes. There are pillow lava's in the Northwest Territories that are about 2.6 billion years old and are preserved in the Cameron River volcanic belt. The pillow lavas in the Canadian Shield rock formations in which more than 2 billion years old, show that great oceanic volcanoes existed during the early days of the formation of the Earth's crust. Ancient volcanoes play an important role in estimating the mineral potential of Canada. Many volcano belts have ore deposits that be related to volcanism. ===The Canadian polar regions<span class="mw-editsection" len="351" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">While most of the Canadian Arctic consists of endless permanent ice and Tundra areas north of the tree line, it encompasses geological regions of different types: the Arctic Cordillera (with the British Empire Range) and the United States Range on Ellesmere Island) covers the most northern mountain range in the world. The Arctic lowlands and the lowlands of the Hudson Bay take a substantial part of the geographical region, often referred to with the name Canadian Shield (in contrast with the sole geological area). The bottom of the pool area consists mainly of permafrost, making construction works more difficult and agriculture is virtually impossible.

<p lang="en" len="389" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">When it is described as everything North of the tree line, takes the Arctic most of Nunavut and the most northern parts of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Labrador. ==Hydrography<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada has a vast water resources: the rivers are responsible for approximately 9% of the world's reusable water supply.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" len="172" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]  it contains a quarter of the wetlands in the world and the third largest number of glaciers (afterAntarctica and Greenland). Due to the extensive glaciation, there are more than two million Lakes in Canada: of those that are entirely in Canada there are over 31000 aged between 3 and 100 km² in area, while 563 are larger than 100 km2.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" len="172" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [3] ===Water Catchment Areas<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ==Political geography<span class="mw-editsection" len="347" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada is divided into thirteen provinces and territories. According to Statistics Canada 72% of the population is concentrated within 150 km from the border with the United States, 70.0% live South of the 49th parallel, and over 60% of the population living around the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River between Windsor (Ontario) and the city of Quebec. That makes the vast majority of the Canadian territory is a little inhabited wilderness. On the prairies are some large cities such as Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Edmonton and Calgary with further above all smaller population centres while in British Columbia most inhabitants in the area around Vancouver and on the southern part of Vancouver Island living
 * The Atlantic watershed drains into the Atlantic provinces completely (parts of the border between Quebec and Labrador are the Atlantic Continental Divide), most of the inhabited part of Quebec and large parts of southern Ontario. It is mainly drained by the economically important St. Lawrence River and its tributaries, notably the Saguenay, the Manicouagan and Ottawa. The Great Lakes and the Nipigon are also drained by the St. Lawrence River. The Churchill River and the Saint John River are also important flows from the Atlantic watershed in Canada.
 * The Hudson Bay watershed takes a third of Canada for her account. She covers Manitoba, Northern Ontario and Quebec, most of Saskatchewan, Southern Alberta, Southwestern Nunavut and the southern half ofBaffin Island. This catchment area is extremely important for the fight against the drought in the Canadian Prairies and producing hydroelectricity, mainly for the production of hydro-than in Manitoba, Northern Ontario and Quebec. Important elements of this watershed are the Winnipeg more, the Nelson River, the North Saskatchewan River, the South Saskatchewan River, the Assiniboine River and Nettilling Lake on Baffin Island.The Wollaston Lake lies on the border between the watersheds of the Hudson Bay and the Arctic Ocean along both. It is also the largest lake in the world that naturally flows in two directions .
 * The Continental Divide in the Rocky Mountains separates the Pacific watershed in British Columbia and the Yukon of the Arctic and Hudson Bay watersheds. This watershed irrigates the major agricultural areas of the Interior of British Columbia (such as the valleys of the Okanagan and Kootenay valleys) and is used for the generation of hydro-electricity. Significant elements are the Yukon River, the Columbia River and theFraser River.
 * The northern parts of Alberta, Manitoba and British Columbia, most of Northwest Territories and Nunavut, and parts of the Yukon are drained by the Arctic watershed. This is little used for hydroelectricity, with the exception of the Mackenzie River, which is the longest river in Canada. The Peace, Athabasca and Liard riversthe, as well as the Great Bear Lake and Great Slave Lake (the largest and second largest lakes wholly enclosed respectively are situated in Canada) are significant elements of the Arctic watershed. Each of these components results in the end along with the Mackenzie River, whereby most of the Arctic watershed.
 * The most southern part of Alberta flows into the Gulf of Mexico through the milk river and its tributaries. The milk river originates in the Rocky Mountains in Montana. Then she runs off to Alberta and then returns to the United States to empty into the Missouri. A small area in southwestern Saskatchewan is drained by Battle Creek Brook that empties into the milk river.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada's population density is 3.5 inhabitants per km2, which is one of the lowest in the world. Despite this, 79.7% of the Canadian population lives in urban areas where the population density increases.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada shares with the United States the world's longest undefended border with at; which 2.477 km between Canada and Alaska. The Danish island of Greenland is located northeast of Canada, separated from theCanadian Arctic islands by Baffin Bay and the Davis Strait. The French islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon- lie near the southern coast of Newfoundland in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and have a maritime territorial enclave within Canada's exclusive economic zone .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The geographical proximity of the two countries Canada and the United States has historically also politically tied together. The cantilevered position of Canada between the Soviet Union (now Russia) and the United States was important for strategic reasons during the cold war, since the route over the North Pole and Canada was the fastest as the crow flies between the two countries and the most direct route for intercontinental missiles.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Since the end of the cold war there was increasing speculation about the fact that the Canadian maritime claims to the Canadian Arctic will be increasingly important as the ice will melt enough to passage the Northwest Passage as possible. Canada intensifies her claims since 2006 on its northern regions and carries out regular military patrols in the polar regions.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In much the same way it can be disputed and little Hans Island (with Denmark), in the Nares Strait between Ellesmere Island and northern Greenland, a reference point for General claims of Canadian sovereignty in theNorth of Canada. ==Natural resources<span class="mw-editsection" len="350" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The abundance of natural resources in Canada is reflected in their continued importance in the Canadian economy. Examples of large sectors are fisheries, forestry, agriculture, mining and petrochemical industry.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The fishing has been going strong in Canada. The numerous Cod stocks on the Grand banks of Newfoundland gave rise to the development of this industry during the sixteenth century. Today these stocks almost exhausted, but their protection is the responsibility of the Atlantic provinces. The tuna stocks on the west coast are also limited. The less depleted (though still strongly diminished) salmon population continues to maintain a productive fishing industry. Canada claims a territorial sea, a contiguous zone of 44 km, 370 km exclusive economic zone of and a continental reef of 370 km or until the end of the continental margin.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Forestry has long been an important sector in Canada. The products are manufactured, it forms some twenty per cent of the exports. The provinces that are most active in the forestry are British Columbia, Ontario andQuebec. Fifty-four per cent of the land area of Canada is covered with forest area. The boreal forests make for some part of the all Canadian forests.

Grain silo's in Alberta<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Five per cent of the Canadian land area is agricultural land. Nowhere there can permanent crops grow. Three per cent of the land area consists of permanent pastures.Canada property according to an estimation from 1993 7 200 km² to irrigated land. The agricultural areas are mainly located in the Canadian Prairies, the Lower Mainland and the Inland plateau of British Columbia, the catchment area of the Saint Lawrence River and the maritime provinces. The main crops that are grown in Canada are flax, oats, wheat, barley, maize, sugar beet and rye in the prairies. Flax and maize in Western Ontario, mainly oats and potatoes in the Maritime Provinces in the East of Canada. Fruit and vegetables grow especially in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia, Southwestern Ontario, the Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario, along the southern coast of Georgian Bay and in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. Cattle and sheep are raised in the valleys of British Columbia. Cattle, sheep andpigs are also raised on the prairies, cattle and hogs in the West of Ontario, sheep and hogs in Quebec, and sheep in the maritime provinces. There are significant dairy regions in the central part of Nova Scotia, southern New Brunswick, the Valley of the Saint Lawrence River, Northeastern Ontario, Southwestern Ontario, the Manitoba 'sRed River Valley and the valleys of the East of British Columbia, on Vancouver Island and the Lower Mainland.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Fossil fuels are a more recently acquired raw material in Canada. Petroleum and natural gas are extracted from sediments in the sedimentary basin of Western Canadasince the mid twentieth century. While petroleum sediment in Canada have less numerous, the technological developments in the last decades the oil mining in the tar sands of Alberta do increase. This ensured that Canada today about some of the largest oil reserves in the world. The Canadian industry also has also for a long time from large coaland natural gas resources drawn.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Canada's mineral resources are varied and extensive. Along the Canadian Shield and in the North there are large stocks of iron, nickel, zinc, copper, Gold, lead, molybdenum and uranium. Recently there are also largeDiamond concentrations have been formed in the Arctic that Canada has become one of the largest producers in the world with regard to Diamond exploitation. In the whole area of the Canadian Shield is full of my villages that these minerals mining. The largest and best-known my village is Sudbury, Ontario. Sudbury is an exception to the conventional process of mineral formation in the shield, since there is solid evidence that the Sudbury Basin an old impact crater is a meteorite . The nearby, but less known Temagami magnetic anomaly possesses outstanding similarities to the Sudbury Basin. It has magnetic anomalies that closely resemble those of the Sudbury Basin and so it could be a second metal-rich impact crater are.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GH_4-0" len="175" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [4]  the shield also features vast boreal forests that are important for the logging industry.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The many rivers of Canada make a large-scale development of hydro-electric energy possible. The numerous dams that were built in British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec and Labrador have already long been a green and reliable energy source can provide. ==Extreme points<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Topographic map<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The most northern point within the boundaries of Canada is Cape Columbia on Ellesmere Island in Nunavut (83 ° 08 ' N, 74 ° 13 ' W). The most northern point of the Canadian mainland is Murchison promontory on Boothia peninsula, Nunavut (71 ° 58 'n).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The southernmost point is Middle Island in Lake Erie in Ontario (41 ° 41 'n, 82 ° 40 ' W). The most southern point in the territorial waters is located just south of this island on the border between Ontario and the American State of Ohio (41 ° 40 ' 35 "N). The southernmost point of the Canadian mainland is Point Pelee, Ontario (41 ° 54 ' 23 "N).

<p lang="en" len="449" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The westernmost point is the long, straight border between the Yukon and Alaska Canadian territory (141 ° 00 ' W).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The easternmost point is Cape Spear in Newfoundland (47 ° 31 'n, 52 ° 37 ' W). The easternmost point of the Canadian Mainland and continental North America is Cape St. Charles in Labrador (52 ° 13 'n, 55 ° 37 ' W).

<p lang="en" len="420" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The lowest point is the sea level 0 m, while the highest point is Mount Logan at 5 959 m.