Where Eagles Dare

Where Eagles Dare is a 1968 British action film by Brian g. Hutton, starring Richard Burton and Clint Eastwood.

The script for ' Where Eagles Dare ' was written by Alistair MacLean who later became his own scenario would edit to a novel. Where Eagles Dare is therefore not, as many people think, a film adaptation of a novel.

' Where Eagles Dare ' was a huge cinema success. The film made a profit of $ 7.1 million and has now become a classic in the war genre. Also the critics were enthusiastic and that's remarkable since ' Where Eagles Dare ' has no interaction with the reality. Not only is the story entirely fictional, the film is also what design and historical details of concerns regarded as very unlikely. Precisely because of the high kitsch content has the film a cult-status acquired in the meantime.



Content
[hide] *1 Story  ==Story[ Edit] == It is in early 1944, a group of British commandos for a dangerous mission assembled by Admiral Rolland, head of MI-6. The group led by major General John Smith gets a briefing by Colonel Wyatt Turner. The purpose of the mission is the liberation of Brig. Gen. George Carnaby. The American General is one of the officers which is closely involved in the planning of d-day, the invasion in Normandy, France. His plane was shot down over Crete and Carnaby is locked in Schloss Adler, the headquarters of the German Abwehr (secret service) in Bavaria. Schloss Adler is built on top of a mountain and only accessible by a cable car. The commands will be dropped in the Alps with the command to release the secret he keeps pumping and for Carnaby plans around the invasion betrays. An officer of the American commands (the Rangers), Lieutenant Morris Schaffer, is added to the team.
 * 2 Cast
 * 3 title reference
 * 4 For history
 * Scenario 5
 * 6 Cast
 * 7 Production
 * 7.1 Recordings
 * 7.2 specific scenes and technique
 * 7.3 Locations
 * 7.4 Stunts
 * 8 History and fiction
 * differences from the book 9
 * 10 Sources

The team is dropped and soon the problems begin. Two team members are being killed and it's soon clear that there is a German agent Smith in the team is infiltrated. But also major Smith seems to be a double agenda. Without knowing the other commands he works together with a female British spy, Mary Ellison, who will infiltrate Schloss Adler. In the local pub, the team noticed and arrested. Smith and Schaffer as officer separated from the other three remaining team members, Thomas, Berkeley and Christiansen. If they are whisked away to kill their attackers know Smith and Schaffer and an arms depot to blow up. By cable car to know both men invade the Castle. They are aided by Mary and another agent Heidi. Mary has been appointed as Chambermaid and attracts the attention of the Gestapo officer Major von horse riding, which is very taken with her. Meanwhile Schaffer and Smith through to the room where Carnaby is interrogated by Colonel Kramer of the SS. Just at the time that Smith and Schaffer have overpowered the guards and have the matter under control, indicative Smith his weapon on the American Lieutenant. He makes himself known as major Johann Schmidt of the SS intelligence service. Kramer gets astonished to hear that Carnaby no one else than corporal Cartwright Jones, an actor who appears on the real Carnaby. He also unmasks the Thomas, Berkeley and Christiansen also present as British double agents posing as German spies, but in reality work for MI-6. To test them out to Thomas, Berkeley and Christiansen specify the names of their accomplices in England at Smith/Schmidt. The last reveals that the whole operation was set up by MI-6 to to the names of the German spies in England and that he, Smith/Schmidt had to thwart this.

Meanwhile, Mary is in trouble. Von horse riding smells Wick and unmask her. The Gestapoman now know that has infiltrated the Castle and runs with drawn pistol the interrogation room and bothers Schmidt/Smith during his speech. The latest surrenders and everything seems lost. But then comes Mary inside. Von horse riding is derived and then shot and killed by Schaffer. Although Schaffer is still confused about Smith's sudden about-turn, he understands now that the last truly works for MI-6. They bind the hands of Thomas, Berkeley and Christiansen stuck on their backs and carry them along. Mary and Heidi have laid down explosives everywhere and Schaffer fills that here and there to. While the Group of Smith fights his way to the cable car, Thomas is killed. The rest reaches the cable car. There know Berkeley and Christiansen Schaffer to surprise you. They beat him unconscious and flights by cable car. But Smith jumps on the cable car cabin and know the two traitors to turn it off. Smith, Schaffer and the girls return to the Valley and fled with a bus to their rendez-vouspunt. They will be picked up by Colonel Turner that lands with an airplane. On board the plane by now to know that he tells Smith suddenly has come when Turner is the real traitor, the mole within MI-6. The whole operation was set up to him and his buddies to expose Thomas, Berkeley and Christiansen. Turner focuses his Sten on Smith, but it appears that Admiral Rolland has shorted out the weapon made out of precaution. This jumps Turner, without parachute, off the plane. ==Division Of Roles[ Edit] == ==Title Reference[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The title of the film comes from the play Richard III by William Shakespeare (Act 1, Scene 3) "The world is grown so bad, that wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch". It also stores on Schloss Adler, a castle on the top of a mountain, where only Eagles dare to come. ==For History<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1968 was the career of Richard Burton in the slop. His last three movies The Comedians (1967), Doctor Faustus (1967), Boom! (1968) were flopped and Burton were looking for a project that could bring him back in the top of Hollywood, a blockbuster. Burton felt much for an old-fashioned straight forward action movie. He approached producer Elliott Kastner who promised for him to look out for a good project. Kastner was impressed of the 1961 film The Guns of Navarone . The movie was based on the novel by Alistair MacLean. MacLean's other books were also made into a film and there could a story between Kastner figured out that sit for Burton. Actually he wanted a story that looked like The Guns of Navarone on a small team commands with a mission impossible. He approached the writer and asked if the writer could write an original screenplay. MacLean took the command. Kastner negotiated with the u.s. Government for funding. By the setbacks of the Viet Nam war (which raged in 1968 ) was the image of the u.s. military have dropped considerably. A heroic war movie could this image jacking. The u.s. military also suggested a number of American soldiers available to the film crew for figuration. It concerned soldiers who were in Austria for a training. ==Scenario<span class="mw-editsection" len="332" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Alistair MacLean began at the scenario and worked simultaneously to the novel. It was his first screenplay and he managed to get it in six weeks to complete. The story seems suspiciously like the story of The Guns of Navarone, where there is also a group of commands a mission impossible and is dropped into enemy territory. Everywhere is treason and there are often strange and sometimes even unlikely plot swings. MacLean would use this theme again in the novel Force 10 from Navarone. The novel that came out at the same time as MacLean wrote the screenplay rather than the movie. The book was released in 1967 and the film in 1969. This created the idea that the film is an adaptation of the novel, while the opposite is the case. Although book and film have the same story there are differences. In the book you will learn more about the motivation of the action and is also much less used violence. For example, in the book with a lot of effort saved a German soldier, while in the movie the character Schaffer alone fifty-four victims. A total of about a hundred men in the film. ==Division Of Roles<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On the choice of Richard Burton for the role of major Smith, there was no discussion. MacLean had commissioned by Kastner the character written with Burton in mind. Burton was also the star of the film, he got $ 1.2 million for his role and topped the posters. The second star, Clint Eastwood, who played the role of Schaffer got $ 800,000. Moreover, it was not a fait accompli that Eastwood was selected as Schaffer. The role was first offered to Lee Marvin, but who had his fill of the type of movie like Where Eagles Dare. Four years earlier, he had played a role in The Dirty Dozen, also a war film with an unlikely plot and he hated that role still.Richard Burton also had his preferences, he wanted the American actor Richard Egan as Schaffer. Egan was an actor who acted largely in B-films and was less of a threat to Burton than Eastwood which by now was moved up in the Hollywood hierarchy. But Egan was rejected by Kastner. ==Production<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Recordings<span class="mw-editsection" len="331" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The then relatively unknown Brian g. Hutton was attracted for the Director. Together with producer Elliott Kastner, he began the search and capture locations. The main location was Schloss Hohenwerfen in Austria that model would stand for Schloss Adler in the movie. With approximately three hundred employees in Salzburg in Austria and Hutton and Kastner arrived on 2 January 1968 started the recordings. American soldiers on exercise in Austria served as extras and played the role of German soldiers. Switzerland suggested the air force Junkers Ju 52 transport aircraft and a number of T-6 training aircraft of the same air force was repainted to serve as German combat aircraft. The weather was bad, blizzards, temperatures well below zero, frozen, icy roads, unexpected gusts and avalanches plagued the film crew. But that was not all, when a fake explosive device prematurely exploded, were Hutton, Kastner and other members of the film crew seriously injured. Hutton had burns to his arm. The recordings were completed in Austria at the end of May 1968.Then in June and July of that year was filmed at the MGM Studios in Elstree. ===Specific scenes and technique<span class="mw-editsection" len="353" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The night scenes in the film were made according to the principle ' day for night ' also known as ' la nuit américaine '. Special blue filters are with recordings made on the day that there then on film look like night scenes. In some ' night scenes ' shows how the Sun reflects on the vehicles and are to see the shadows of the trees. A novelty was the use of front projection(which nowadays happens with filming for green screens).With this technique the recordings could be made on the elevator cabin of the cable car. In the scene in which Eastwood and Burton climb a wall of the Castle, it seems as if Burton has no problems with the climb, while Eastwood has the sweat and very heavy. The reason for the apparent ease of Burtons climb is that he was on a crane that pushes him up. The crane was in the film with special techniques eliminated. Eastwood chose themselves to climb up. He was in much better condition than the older Burton who drank heavily. Derren plays the role of Major Von Nesbith that horse riding was almost blind when the ' squib ' on his body exploded in the wrong direction. A squib is a small explosive (similar to a firecracker) to which is attached a bag of blood. If the explosive is brought to blast it seems as if the body is hit by a bullet. Squibs were first used in the shooting of the film Bonnie and Clyde. The explosive on the body of Nesbitt exploded upwards, instead of straight forward. When shooting both the exploding squibs on his head as on his chest, but only the head shot was taken during Assembly. ===Locations<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For the recording of and around "Schloss Adler" was used by the 14th-century castle "Schloss Hohenwerfen in Werfen in Austria". In 1968 was the training centre of the police established there. Hohenwerfen did not use cable cars, so there had to be evacuated for the recordings of the cable car to the Feuerkogel Seilbahn at Ebensee in Austria. For the shooting at the airport Flugplatz Aigen were used in Ennstal in Austria. It is a military airfield that is still being used by the Austrian air force. The large mountain ridges in the background are the Grimmingbergen. For the recordings in the studio was diverted to the Borehamwood Studios in Hertfordshire, England, and later the MGM Studios in Elstree, England. ===Stunts<span class="mw-editsection" len="331" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">As an action film Where Eagles Dare has often dangerous stunts, such as the combat scenes on the roof of the cable car lift. The American ex-stuntman Yakima Canutt was attracted as second-unit Director and stunt coordinator. Canutt was a veteran, during the shooting, he was already over the seventy, who had been at the time of the silent film stuntman. After his active career as a stuntman, he was best known as a designer and Director of stunts and action scenes. The famous scene from Ben-Hur with the race of the chariots is by his hand, as well as the combat scenes from Spartacus (1960). Canutt had to for Where Eagles Dare deal with parachute jumps, fights on and around the cable car and a race with a bus over frozen roads. He began by selecting a number of top athletes from the world of stunt people, Joe Powell, Eddie Powell, Peter Brace, Jimmy Thong, Jackie Cooper, Doug Robison, Terry York, Alf Joint, and Gillian Aldam. It was a disappointment to Clint Eastwood that he did not do his own stunts, but the studio didn't want to have. During the shooting had the actor occasionally about the movies as ' Where Doubles Dare ' (where only stunt people dare). Eastwood was in the stunts replaced by stuntman Eddie Powell and Burton by Alf Joint. ==History and fiction<span class="mw-editsection" len="343" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Where Eagles Dare is notorious for numerous historical inaccuracies, continuity errors and plot holes. Circulate various sites on the internet where the errors are described extensively. Below is a selection of historical inaccuracies:
 * Richard Burton -Major John Smith
 * Clint Eastwood -Lieutenant Morris Schaffer
 * Mary Ure -Mary Ellison
 * Patrick Wymark -Colonel Wyatt Turner
 * Michael Hordern -Admiral Rolland
 * Donald Houston -Christiansen
 * Peter Barkworth -Berkeley
 * William Squire -Thomas
 * Robert Beatty -Brigade-Gen. George Carnaby
 * Brook Williams -Harrod
 * Neil McCarthy -MacPherson
 * Vincent Ball -Carpenter
 * Anton Diffring -Colonel Kramer
 * Ferdy Mayne -General Rosemeyer
 * Derren Nesbitt -Major Von Horse Riding
 * Victor Beaumont -Weissner
 * Ingrid Pitt -Heidi
 * Guy Deghy -Major Wilhelm Wilner
 * Jock McPherson -Torrance-Smythe

==Differences from the book<span class="mw-editsection" len="349" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Alistair MacLean wrote the novel version of Where Eagles Dare almost simultaneously with the scenario and although the book faithfully follows the film smoking varies. So is there much more humor in the book and the characters are better worked out. Although the book contains the same improbable plot as the movie know MacLean in the book better explain what's happening. The violence also is a lot less. The character Smith saves even an unconscious German from a burning building. Schaffer in the book does not dynamite or explosives down. What also is better developed in the book is the romance, especially the romantic relationship that develops between Schaffer and Heidi. A number of characters is different in the book than in the movie. So hot Major von horse riding in the book, Captain von Brauchitsch. His Secretary in the film, a woman of middle age, is in the book is replaced by a young, handsome woman, who plays a much larger role and much more dangerous than the older Secretary in the book.
 * At the end of the movie flight the team with a bus. The bus is a Gräf & Stift OGW-120 (This stands for Omnibus für die Gemeinde Wien mit 120 PS), built in 1949. The design is from after the Second World War.Buses were in time made of aluminum. No metal known for its ability to resist bullets. However, the bus In the film seems invulnerable to German barrage.
 * At the interrogation of General Carnaby threaten the Germans to inject him with a truth serum, Scopolamine. But this serum was only first used in the 1950s.
 * At the briefing of the commands the team receives a told that General Carnaby was en route to Crete for a meeting with the Russians to discuss the plans for d-day on Crete. But since the spring 1941 Crete was already in German hands and would continue until the end of the war. Also, it is not very credible that the allies would send a General that so many knew of the D-Dayplannen. The Russians were aware of an invasion, but the British and Americans were not going to to inform the Russians extended the invasion plans.
 * Also at the briefing calls the character Christiansen that a "pathfinder squadron with bombs of ten tons of the Castle including Carnaby of the map can sweep". But bombs with this kind of weight were developed only at the end of 1944, the first were dropped until March 1945. The movie plays in early 1944. In addition, pathfinder squadrons used to mark the target, not to bomb.
 * The character of Lieutenant Schaffer is introduced as an American officer of the Rangers Division. However, there was no Rangers Division. American Rangers (the equivalent of the British commandos) were divided into battalions. Moreover, there is also quite a bit wrong to the uniform of Schaffer. He wears his distinction as a parachutist (two connected wings) on the right breast pocket, in really are the qualification insignia enclosed in the u.s. Army on the left breast-pocket. Also carries Schaffer a green tie, just as the British. Americans were wearing neckties with a khaki color.
 * Colonel Kramer is the SS intelligence service. This means that he actually needs to be called on as a SS-Standartenführer. The intelligence service of the SS was called SD (Sicherheitsdienst). This organization was characterized by an exceptional cruelty. Opponents of the nazi regime were tortured and mistreated. It is therefore strange that Kramer is opposed to extradition of Carnaby on the Gestapo because this organization is so cruel. It is also strange that at the headquarters of the Abwehr in Bavaria (Schloss Adler), the SD and the Gestapo the service seem to matter. Abwehr and SD/Gestapo were competitors of each other, just as the Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS were competitors.
 * Major von horse riding is introduced as major of the Gestapo. The Gestapo (secret state police) was actually a police organization set up by Göring. Göring Later wore the Gestapo to Heinrich Himmler that the SD and the Gestapo were settled in an organization. The Gestapo almost always wore civilian clothes (such as, for example, also to the police in the recherche is a citizen). If one wore a uniform that was certainly not the black uniform that Von horse riding in the film carries. That's the parade uniform of the SS Gestapo. a number of workers was a member of the SS, but not everyone. The Gestapo wore at official occasions like the Waffen-SS, the grey-green uniform that also carried the Wehrmacht. Von horse riding would also be called no major, again the Gestapo was a police organization and a similar police rank is that of Kriminaldirector or SS-Sturmbannführer. The black uniform was actually only worn by the employees of the Allgemeine SS and abolished in 1942. Von horse riding would be on active duty have worn civilian clothes and have identified with a penny. However, it is very unlikely that a Gestapo officer or detective at the headquarters of the Abwehr would have walked around to questioning enemy generals.
 * The helicopter that lands on the courtyard of Schloss Adler is a Bell model 47 g airspace only in 1953 that chose in the us. During the Second World War the Germans used no helicopters. Only the Americans had by the end of that war have some Sikorsky R-4 helicopters.
 * During the films it reports character John Smith with Admiral Rolland. Code words are used as "Broadsword", "Danny Boy" and "Father McCree '" for Rolland and Smith. All other names, such as Colonel Turner, however, are without code.
 * If the group is rescued by Colonel Turner that pops up with a Junkers Ju 52 is not clear how the Colonel was able to be so quickly on the spot. The message to retrieve the commands had only just sent. If Turner from England should have come on the road, he was been much longer.