Inchon (film)

Inchon (also called Inchon!) is a 1981 South Korean-American war film about the Battle of Inchon, considered to be the turning point of the Korean War. The film was directed by Terence Young and financed by Unification Church founderSun Myung Moon. It stars Laurence Olivier as General Douglas MacArthur, who led the United States surpriseamphibious landing at Incheon, South Korea in 1950. Also featured are Jacqueline Bisset, Ben Gazzara, Toshirō Mifune, and Richard Roundtree. It was filmed in California, Italy, Ireland, Japan and South Korea.

Inchon's plot includes both military action and human drama. Characters face danger and are involved in various personal and dramatic situations. The film concludes with the American victory over North Korean forces in the Battle of Inchon, which is considered to have saved South Korea. The film cost $46 million to produce and encountered many problems during production, including a typhoon and the death of a cast member. Both the Unification Church and the United States military provided personnel as extras during the filming.

Inchon was released to theaters in the United States and Canada in September 1982 and then quickly withdrawn because of its poor performance at the box office. It has never been released on video or DVD, although it has sometimes been broadcast on television. It was the largest financial loss in film of 1982, earning less than $2 million. Reviewers at the time gave it consistently bad reviews and later commentators including Newsweek, TV Guide, andCanadian Press have classed Inchon among the worst films of all time.



Contents
[hide]  *1 Plot  ==Plot[ edit] == Inchon begins with this disclaimer: "This is not a documentary of the war in Korea, but a dramatized story of the effect of war on a group of people. All persons other than those whose real names are used in this film are fictitious and any similarity between them and any persons living or dead is purely coincidental. Where dramatic license has been deemed necessary, the authors have taken advantage of this license to dramatize the subject."[2]
 * 2 Production
 * 2.1 Financing
 * 2.2 Writing
 * 2.3 Casting
 * 2.4 Music
 * 2.5 Filming
 * 3 Promotion
 * 4 Release
 * 5 Reception
 * 5.1 Box office
 * 5.2 Reviews
 * 5.3 Later commentary
 * 5.4 Awards
 * 6 See also
 * 7 References
 * 8 Further reading
 * 9 External links

The film depicts the Battle of Inchon during the Korean War,[3]  which took place September 15–19, 1950 and is considered to the turning point of the war.[4]  The protagonist of the film is General Douglas MacArthur (Laurence Olivier), who led the United States surprise amphibious landing at Incheon in 1950.[3] [5]  A sideplot in the film involves an American couple who encounter difficulties in their relationship because of the ongoing war.[6]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Inchon begins with a depiction of North Korean soldiers moving past the 38th parallel north into South Korea in June 1950.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-arnold_7-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[7]  People flee into the country's capital,Seoul.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6]  A United States Army major's wife Barbara Hallsworth (Jacqueline Bisset) lives in a village located at the 38th Parallel, where she was attempting to buy antique furniture and items for her business as an interior decorator.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-arnold_7-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[7]  She hears a bulletin over the radio "The communists are coming", and decides to leave the village.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kelleher_8-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[8]  A limousine driven by a chauffeur takes her to Seoul.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6]  She encounters a group of five South Korean children, and after her chauffeur is killed, she drives them to a safe location called the "Inn of the Sixth Happiness".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-5" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kempley_9-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[9]  Along the way, she shoots a North Korean soldier between the eyes, which kills him.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kelleher_8-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[8]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">U.S. Major Frank Hallsworth (Ben Gazzara) is attempting to break off an affair with a young South Korean woman (Karen Kahn).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-6" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-arnold_7-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[7] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kempley_9-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[9]  Her father (Toshirō Mifune) is aware of his daughter's affair with Hallsworth and does not disapprove of it.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-7" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6]  Hallsworth receives word of the invasion by the North Koreans, and he travels north in an attempt to locate his wife with the assistance of army sergeant August Henderson (Richard Roundtree).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-8" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-arnold_7-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[7]  Henderson encounters Hallsworth's wife and fixes her vehicle's battery, and then reunites her with her husband.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kempley_9-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[9]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">David Feld Park (David Janssen), a journalist in Tokyo, is waiting with other reporters for a press conference to begin which will be held by MacArthur.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-9" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-variety_10-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[10]  Longfellow (Rex Reed), a second reporter awaiting the press conference, is generally a music critic but also reports on the serious events developing in Tokyo.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-10" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-variety_10-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[10]  MacArthur is at his residence in Tokyo with his wife, and does not appear at the press conference.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-11" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6]  He agrees with his wife that he is the only person who can rescue South Korea from the invasion by the North Koreans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-12" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Hallsworth and his former lover succeed in turning on a lighthouse to signal 261 U.S. ships, and the South Korean woman's father activates mines in the channel.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kempley_9-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[9]  She dies during the ensuing battle.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kelleher_8-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[8]  The U.S. troops drive out the North Korean forces and people wave South Korean and American flags.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kempley_9-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[9]  The last scene shows MacArthur reciting the Lord's Prayer. After this scene, a newsreel of MacArthur is shown.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-coleman_11-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[11] ==Production<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Financing<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Inchon was financed by Sun Myung Moon and Japanese newspaper publisher Mitsu Haru Ishii.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vermilye_5-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[5] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-niemi_12-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[12] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TV_Guide_13-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[13]  Moon was involved with the film's production from the very beginning.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2]  Ishii was a member of the Unification Church in Japan, and a friend of Moon, and served as the film's producer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kelleher_8-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[8] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_14-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[14]  Moon initially did not want the public to know that he was behind the financing of the film and its production.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-niemi_12-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[12]  Ishii said he was instructed by God to make the film.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kelleher_8-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[8]  Moon gave $30 million to Ishii's film production company One Way Productions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kelleher_8-5" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[8]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Ishii said he was a member of the Unification Church "just like a Catholic is a member of the Catholic Church and I believe Rev. Moon is very sincere about doing the Lord's work". Ishii was president of the World Daily News, which is published by Moon's media conglomerate News World Communications which also published other newspapers, including The Washington Times in the United States. Robert Standard, associate producer of Inchon, was a member of the Unification Church of the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Before deciding on the subject of the proposed film, Moon and Ishii considered the possibility of films on the life of Jesus or Elvis Presley.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-niemi_12-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[12] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TV_Guide_13-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[13]  In 1978, psychic Jeanne Dixon was consulted to communicate with the spirit of General MacArthur, and Dixon said that MacArthur's spirit endorsed the production of the film.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-niemi_12-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[12] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TV_Guide_13-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[13]  Dixon also helped choose Terence Young, who earlier directed the James Bond films Dr. No, Thunderball, and From Russia with Love, as the film's director.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-niemi_12-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[12] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TV_Guide_13-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[13]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Inchon cost $46 million to produce.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-boxofficemojo_1-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[1] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-inchontops_15-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[15] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rickey_16-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[16]  The film's producers encountered difficulty after attempts were made to raise funding for the film from banks in Japan, and so the entire project was funded from Moon and the Unification Church.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-coleman_11-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[11]  The screen credits credited Moon as "Rev. Sun Myung Moon: Special Advisor on Korean Matters".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-5" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kelleher_8-6" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[8] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-romano_17-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[17]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">In his book Encyclopedic Handbook of Cults in America, author and scholar of religion J. Gordon Melton cites Inchon as an example when noting, "Moon has attempted to project his ideas into all areas of American society." Melton adds, "He has courted the scientific and scholarly world and organized numerous conferences, a peace academy, and a Washington think tank."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[18]  Moon later said in a talk to church members: "Why did we put so much effort into the movie Inchon? No matter what the result the motivation was for people to understand about MacArthur. I wanted to show how MacArthur loved God and loved people. MacArthur came to Japan after World War II and put the nation back together. He really respected and loved the people. He also loved God very much and fought with great strength against tyranny and communism. That is what I want the people to understand."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[19] ===Writing<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Ishii saw a South Korean-made film about the Korean War, and came to the decision that "he wanted to make a film about the Korean War, on an international basis." He desired the film to be an "entertaining action film", but also said he was "very interested in depicting MacArthur as a human being and I want the world to know how miserable the war was for the Korean people."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-6" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Moore commented on the writing process, "The theme I had to deal with in Inchon was too big for a movie that was less than two hours. When Toho was originally involved, they wanted a love story between an American boy and a Korean girl. My technique is to research and then fictionalize, a technique I used successfully inFrench Connection. But I had to fictionalize the real landing at Inchon, making it seem that a lighthouse was a pivotal factor when in fact it wasn't. I couldn't do that, which is why other writers were brought in."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mccabe_20-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[20]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Ishii instructed Moore to include an emphasis on General MacArthur's spiritualism and faith in divine guidance. He told Moore to include three separate love stories in the film, "one between two Americans, one between two Koreans, and one between an American and a Korean." Moore explained that "the love stories were supposed to tell the story of the tragedy of Korea, the tragedy of the Korean War." Ishii stated to Moore that he did not wish for the movie to turn into an "anti-Communist tract". Prior to the completion of the film's screenplay, the film's producers encountered difficulties obtaining an affiliation with a movie studio. Ishii said that North Korea placed pressure on Toho Studios through labor unions in Japan, requesting that the studio pull out of its affiliation with Inchon. The labor unions criticized the film's production, saying that it was influenced by Moon and his Unification Church, in addition to the Korean CIA and was part of an effort to support the president of South Korea. Because of this criticism, Toho Studios canceled its participation in the Inchon project.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-7" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2] ===Casting<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Laurence Olivier was paid $1 million to play General Douglas MacArthur in the film.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-niemi_12-5" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[12]  He was contracted for six weeks of filming, and received a payment of $250,000 upon signing the contract and the remainder was given in four subsequent installments.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-coleman_11-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[11]  His salary came out to $50,000 per day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mccabe_20-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[20]  In addition to this fee, Olivier also received $2,500 per week for his expenses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-coleman_11-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[11]  Olivier was interviewed during the film's production and explained why he agreed to be part of its cast: "People ask me why I'm playing in this picture. The answer is simple. Money, dear boy. I'm like a vintage wine. You have to drink me quickly before I turn sour. I'm almost used up now and I can feel the end coming. That's why I'm taking money now. I've got nothing to leave my family but the money I can make from films. Nothing is beneath me if it pays well. I've earned the right to damn well grab whatever I can in the time I've got left."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vermilye_5-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[5]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Olivier researched the role by traveling to Norfolk, Virginia to visit the MacArthur Museum, and speaking with Alexander Haig, who had served as aide-de-camp to MacArthur.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-coleman_11-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[11]  Haig told Olivier that MacArthur's voice sounded like W. C. Fields, and Olivier tried to imitate this.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TV_Guide_13-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[13]  He enjoyed working with accents, and obtained recordings of MacArthur's voice. He was interested in various inconsistencies in these recordings, and especially in the difference in vowel sounds made by MacArthur.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vermilye_5-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[5]  During filming, the makeup process for Olivier took two and a half hours, but after it was complete, he thought he neither looked like himself nor like General MacArthur.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-coleman_11-5" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[11]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">The 72-year old Olivier, who had been in poor health for years, suffered during filming in Seoul because of the summer heat. Director Terence Young recalled when not before the camera Olivier lay on a cot, virtually immobile with pain and exhaustion, but that when needed "he dropped fifty years and stepped forward without complaint." <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[21]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Richard Roundtree, known for the title role in the film Shaft, portrayed the character of Staff Sgt. Henderson in the film.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_14-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[14]  David Janssen, known for his role in the TV series The Fugitive, accepted a part as a journalist to work with Laurence Olivier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[22]  Actress Karen Kahn portrayed the young Korean lover of Major Frank Hallsworth in the film. In a subsequent interview with The Press Democrat, Kahn said of the film, "It was supposed to be this 'Gone With the Wind'. And it was the worst movie. It's in some of those worst- films-of-all-time books. After that movie I quit. I just couldn't take L.A. I was really thin-skinned. So I just got out."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-garcia_23-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[23] ===Music<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Jerry Goldsmith, prominent and multi-award winning film and TV composer, wrote the score for the film.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ryanonmovies_24-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[24] ===Filming<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Shooting took place in Hollywood, California; Rome, Italy; Ireland; Tokyo, Japan; and Seoul, South Korea. During the filming of Inchon in 1979, the involvement of Moon was "adamantly denied". Moon recommended editing and reshooting changes to the film's script, which "caused the production to return to South Korea three times, Rome twice and Los Angeles twice."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-8" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vermilye_5-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[5] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-canby_25-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[25]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">The film included several technical errors. Cut-out cardboard pieces were used to depict military aircraft during battle scenes in the film, and one film critic said viewers were almost able to identify the threads attached to the cardboard cut-outs. Footage of a digital watch was spliced into the film, though this technology would not be invented for twenty-five years after the film's time period.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-9" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2]  There were other problems. Jacqueline Bisset developed laryngitis during the film's production.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TV_Guide_13-5" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[13]  A set-piece for the film included a re-created version of a lighthouse at Incheon, but this was obliterated by a typhoon.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-schlueter_26-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[26]  The movie had to go through a reshooting process after one of the film's stars, David Janssen, died during production.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ryan_27-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[27]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">The production hired Samuel Jaskilka, a retired Marine Corps Lieutenant General who took part in the Battle of Inchon as a company commander, as technical advisor to the film.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_14-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[14]  A portion of the movie was filmed aboard the USS Cleveland, an Austin-class amphibious transport dock during an amphibious operation off the coast of South Korea in 1978.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-navy_28-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[28]  The United States Department of Defense allowed 1,500 soldiers from the United States Army and United States Marine Corps to participate as extras in the film, at a cost of $77,000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-10" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_14-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[14] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-schlueter_26-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[26]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">The Little Angels Children’s Folk Ballet of Korea, founded by Moon in 1962, were featured in the film, along with many Unification Church members.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-11" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2]  Shooting was held in Rome, Italy in 1979.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-coleman_11-6" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[11]  Olivier had health problems, and after shooting had finished in South Korea he had gone back to England. He was told he was needed for one last shoot, but he did not wish to travel back to South Korea. Arrangements were made to film Olivier in Rome, where he portrayed MacArthur against a backdrop, reciting the Lord's Prayer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vermilye_5-5" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[5]  The film's director Terence Young was not happy with the completed version of the film, and said "the producers have turnedInchon into a Korean propaganda movie."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-12" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2]  Ishii said: "No problem. We have 20 nations who want this movie."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_14-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[14] ==Promotion<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">The Unification Church wanted to distribute the film on their own, but Young told them this would result in a "total disaster".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-coleman_11-7" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[11]  The Unification Church funded the $11 million promotion budget.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ryanreview_29-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[29]  One of the press kit releases was titled "The Korean War and Revelations", and it said that during the Korean War, a B-29 pilot took a picture of "the face of Jesus Christ ... amidst the bombers. While some called the occurrence a coincidence, many others agreed that it was only one of many incidences of God's guidance throughout General Douglas MacArthur's life. Jesus Christ has appeared at significant times throughout the 2,000 years of Christianity. It is common for Generals and those with the opportunity to change history to receive guidance through revelation." It added that MacArthur's "attempt to overcome communism was particularly significant, because the general embodied three qualities: love for God; love for mankind; and hatred for Communism." It also said that the art director for Inchon had taken a picture of the door of MacArthur's office in Tokyo, and the general's face had appeared on the photograph.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-13" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2]  The press kit for the film stated that the deceased MacArthur had said, "I was very happy to see this picture made because it will express my heart during the Korean War. ... I will make more than 100% effort to support this movie."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gorenfeld_3-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[3] ==Release<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">]  == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">The world premiere of the film was held in Washington, D.C. on May 4, 1981 at a special screening at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-14" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_14-5" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[14]  as a benefit for retired United States Navy personnel.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pond_30-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[30]  This was the only time the film was screened in its 140-minute full version.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vermilye_5-6" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[5]  Between 25 and 100 protesters came to demonstrate outside the John F. Kennedy Center event.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-allen_14-6" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[14] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-romano_17-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[17] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-criticscarry_31-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[31]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">United States Senator Alfonse D'Amato was the chairman of the benefit committee for Washington, D.C. premiere of the film. Twelve members of the United States Congress had agreed to have their names used as honorary members of the benefit committee for the film's Washington, D.C. premiere. An additional forty-eight members of the U.S. Congress accepted tickets to the film's premiere. Lawrence H. Suid wrote in Guts & Glory that "... no more than fifteen or sixteen were willing to brave the pickets outside the Kennedy Center protesting the Unification Church and its involvement with the movie."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-15" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">On February 13, 1982, President Ronald Reagan, himself a former film actor and president of the Screen Actors Guild,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SAG_32-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[32]  screened the film in the White House.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gorenfeld_3-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[3]  He noted in his diary: "Ran Inchon -- it is a brutal but gripping picture about the Korean War and for once we're the good guys and the Communists are the villains. The producer was Japanese or Korean which probably explains the preceding sentence." <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[33]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Inchon was shown at the 35th Cannes film festival in May 1982 but failed to interest any buyers despite a $250,000 publicity campaign,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ryan_27-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[27] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-goldfarb_34-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[34] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stiratcannes_35-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[35]  which included hiring the publicity firm Rogers and Cowan to arrange a large party and give out promotional Inchon jackets.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-goldfarb_34-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[34]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">In August 1982, MGM/UA contracted the distribution rights to the film.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pond_30-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[30]  One Way Productions came to an agreement with MGM that it would take care of the costs associated with advertising and distributing the film, if MGM agreed to distribute Inchon for a profit share of only 15 percent.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ryanreview_29-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[29]  The normal fee for the film distributor was thirty percent of profits.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ryanreview_29-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[29]  The film was released in the United States on the weekend of September 17, 1982.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kelleher_8-7" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[8]  It was cut from 140 minutes to 105 minutes for the U.S. release. The film was shown in the United States and Canada. It was never shown in the United Kingdom.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vermilye_5-7" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[5] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-coleman_11-8" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[11]  Inchon was swiftly pulled from theater distribution because of its poor performance at the box office.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-king_36-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[36]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">After its release, Inchon was never again shown in theaters, and was never released on videocassette or DVD.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-canby_25-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[25] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[37]  In the early years of the 2000s (decade), Inchonwas shown on the U.S. cable television outlet Goodlife Television Network (now called Youtoo), at the time owned by the Unification Church.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-13" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6]  Bootleg copies of the film circulated from individuals that had copied Inchon from these television broadcasts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-14" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6] ==Reception<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Box office<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">The film's total gross between the United States and Canada was $1.9 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vermilye_5-8" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[5]  It eventually took in $5.2 million at the box office.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-boxofficemojo_1-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[1]  Inchon lost over $44 million, and was the number one largest financial loss of 1982 films.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-inchontops_15-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[15] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[38]  In 1989, a survey released by the entertainment research firm Baseline identified Inchon as "the biggest box-office fiasco of the 1980s".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-inchontops_15-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[15] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[39]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Inchon has been included on multiple lists of box office bombs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-guthmann_40-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[40] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[41]  Michael Wilmington of the Chicago Tribune placed Inchon as number six in a "list of Hollywood's 10 worst mega-flops".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wilmington_42-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[42]  Wilmington noted that Inchon displaced the 1980 film Heaven's Gate as "the bomb of the decade".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wilmington_42-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[42]  The Washington Post described Inchonas "one of the biggest commercial disasters in film history".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[43]  In 1995, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that The Guinness Book of World Records called Inchon"the biggest money-loser in film history".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-guthmann_40-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[40]  Inchon was one of the "10 costliest movies", adjusted for inflation, at $173 million in 1997 dollars.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[44]  In a 2006 list of "The top 10 biggest box office failures", Kat Giantis of MSN Movies placed Inchon as tied with Battlefield Earth for number seven.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-giantis_45-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[45] ===Reviews<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Most newspaper reviewers gave Inchon negative reviews; among them were The Boston Globe,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mccabereview_46-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[46]  The Philadelphia Inquirer,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ryanreview_29-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[29]  The Miami Herald,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kelleher_8-8" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[8]  and The Washington Post.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-arnold_7-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[7]  In The New York Times, critic Vincent Canby commented, "'Inchon' is a hysterical historical epic, somewhat less offensive than 'The Green Berets' and far funnier. ... 'Inchon' looks like the most expensive B-movie ever made."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-canby_25-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[25]  A review in the influential entertainment-trade magazine Variety commented, "Olivier is convincing in his role throughout most of the saga, the only member of the cast to achieve that status. Screenplay generally treats all others as one-dimensional buffoons, giving them lines that are unintentionally laughable. One reason is that all plot digressions are simply window dressing to the film's focus on the brutally invading North Koreans and the big-scale counterattack by the good guys. No speaking roles are given to the Communists, for example."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[47]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Moon founded The Washington Times in Washington D.C. as a part of his international media conglomerate News World Communications in the same year Inchon was released.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[48]  According to The Times' rival The Washington Post, a full-length two and a half page version of a film review of Inchon written by critic Scott Sublett that was originally planned for the September 16, 1982 issue of The Times was killed by the newspaper's publisher and editor James R. Whelan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-romano_17-2" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[17]  Whelan told Sublett thatThe Times had a conflict of interest with regard to reviewing Inchon, and would not print his review.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-romano_17-3" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[17]  Instead, The Times printed a one-paragraph critical synopsis of the film, also written by Sublett, which said in full: "Puerile dialogue, perfunctory acting and haphazard construction doom from the start this visually impressive would-be epic about love and dead Reds in wartime Korea. Olivier (in a performance that is the nadir of his career) joshes, minces and rolls his eyes absurdly as Doug MacArthur. The script, by Robin Moore, is pure twaddle – a cross between South Pacific and The Green Berets."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-romano_17-4" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[17] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-diddctimes_49-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[49]  Moore is the author of the novel The Green Berets, upon which the 1968 movie was based.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-medved_50-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[50]  On Monday the 21st The Times ran The New York Times review of the film.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-miljournal_51-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[51] ===Later commentary<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">Multiple commentators have described Inchon as the worst film ever made, including The Washington Post,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[52]  Newsweek,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[53]  TV Guide,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TV_Guide_13-6" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[13]  and the Canadian Press.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[54] Inchon was later profiled in multiple books on worst in film, including The Hollywood Hall of Shame by Harry and Michael Medved,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-medved_50-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[50]  and The Worst Movies of All Timeby Michael Sauter.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sauter_55-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[55]  In 2000, Kenneth Lloyd Billingsley, writing in the libertarian magazine Reason, said about a proposed film on Stalinism, " A film like this could easily have turned out as big a didactic dud as the Rev. Sun Myung Moon's 1982 bomb, Inchon, with Laurence Olivier as Gen. Douglas MacArthur."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[56]  A 2009 review by Phil Hall for Film Threat was less negative, and he disagreed with the characterization of the film as the worst ever made, "I was genuinely surprised – this is hardly among the very worst films of all time. That's not to say it is a good film. It is a dull and forgettable movie, and I would never recommend it. However, its reputation for being among the bottom of the cinematic barrel is wholly undeserved."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-filmthreat_6-15" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[6]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:17.9200000762939px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14.3999996185303px;">A review in Brassey's Guide to War Films by Alun Evans was critical, calling the film "Arguably the worst war picture made in the last quarter of the 20th century".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-evans_57-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[57] Robert Niemi commented in his book History in the Media: Film and Television, "Plagued with a terrible script, horrendous production problems, and shoddy performances all around, the resulting film, Inchon ... was bad beyond belief."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-niemi_12-6" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[12]  Niemi wrote that Olivier's performance "was a low point in an otherwise distinguished film career".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-niemi_12-7" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[12]  In his biography of the actor, Olivier, author Terry Coleman called the film "probably the worst he ever made and one of the best paid".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-coleman_11-9" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[11]  Author Lawrence H. Suid wrote in Guts and Glory: The Making of the American Military Image in Film that, "what combat the film portrayed lacked any believability or authenticity... As a result, the movie met with almost unanimous critical disdain."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-suid_2-16" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[2]  Moon's 2009 autobiography, As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen, does not mentionInchon, nor did he or the Unification Church ever produce another major commercial motion picture.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-moon_58-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-size:11.1999998092651px;">[58] ===Awards<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">]  ===