John Steinbeck

John Ernst Steinbeck (Salinas (California), February 27, 1902 – december 20, New York, 1968) was an American author and winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in 1962. In his career wrote Steinbeck twenty-seven books: sixteen novels, six non-fiction books and five volumes of short stories.

Steinbeck wrote in a naturalistic/social-realist style, often about poor people from the working class. His work The Grapes of Wrath (the grapes of wrath) tells the story of the Joads, a poor family from Oklahoma in the United States during the "Dust Bowl" and their trip to and their problems in the State of California. The novel presents a penetrating way the immigration issue and is seen as a defense of the poor against the rich.

East of Eden is probably the most important work of Steinbeck. In this novel the author stops watching social injustice as the source of evil and are looking for the roots of evil instead in human psychology.



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[hide] *1 Biography  ==Biography[ Edit] == John Ernst Steinbeck came from the social middle class. His father's family was of German descent and his mother was from Northern Ireland. Father (John Ernst Steinbeck) entertained his family with various jobs as Treasurer of Monterey County, was administrator of a flour factory and was owner of a feed and grain shop. Mother (Olive Hamilton Steinbeck) was a schoolteacher before her marriage. John Steinbeck grew up, surrounded by three sisters, in Monterey County in the Salinas Valley. It was a farming area. In the summer he worked on the farms in the area, and later on Sajid ranch. Here he worked with immigrant workers. He was strongly aware of the harsh aspects of migrant life, at the same time as the dark side of human nature. This provided him with the material that enabled him to write books as Of Mice and Men.
 * 2 Bibliography
 * 3 Filmography
 * 4 sources, references

Already during his school time he wrote stories and poems. After he graduated in 1919 with the College of Salinas pulled out, he went to please his parents – to – the toStanford University to study marine biology . He always saw himself as a writer and sjeesde therefore with conviction after six years ' now and then ' what study. [1]

In 1925 he went to New York City, where he worked as a freelance reporter for The American. He also wrote stories, but his work was not published. Eventually was left him nothing but to return to California.

In California he provided for his living by working as opperman, apprentice-painter, surveyor, in a department store, as a fruit picker and as overseer of a farm. Here he met his first wife Carol Henning (1930-divorced 1941). He continued to write. In 1929, his first book published: Cup of Gold (a historical novel about the life of the Jamaican buccaneer Captain Henry Morgan). [2]  it was not a direct hit. Shortly afterwards he published two books, but these could not convince the literary world by his writing abilities.

Steinbeck lived with Carol Henning in Pacific Grove in a cottage of his family,[2]  where he collected material for two successful books: Tortilla Flat and Cannery Row.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Tortilla Flat (1935), a collection of funny stories about the ' paisanos ', farmers at work, around Monterey, was the turning point in Steinbecks career.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" len="166" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [3]  He received from a California writers circle a gold medal for the best debut. Winning this price renewed confidence in its abilities. That he was a successful writer with future, became additional confirmed by in 1939 with The Grapes of Wrath to win the Pulitzer Prize . This book was made into a film with Henry Fonda in the lead role. Book and film brought the social consciousness of Americans going and were regularly compared to Uncle Tom's Cabin (Uncle Tom's Cabin) by Harriet Beecher Stowe. The main character Tom Joad was later sung by Woody Guthrie and Bruce Springsteen.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">His book was made into a East of Eden (1955) with James Dean in a leading role.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" len="166" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [4]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the Second World War was Steinbeck war correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune. He got special reporter assignments abroad. Some of his posts were later collected and bundled into Once There Was a War. In 1944, in North Africa, after which he became Steinbeck injured war weary, resigned and went back home. Here are ordinary life as a writer again pecked Steinbeck. In 1947 made Steinbeck together with the famous photographer Robert Cappa his first trip to the Soviet Union. Many visits followed, in which Moscow, Kiev, Tbilisi, Batumi and Stalingrad were done to them. Steinbeck wrote about the book A Russian Journal (1948), which was illustrated with Capa's photos. Also in that year, Steinbeck nominated to the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">By now it was Steinbeck in the us become controversial by its support for the disadvantaged population and his visits to the Soviet Union. It was the Red Scare-time of senatorMcCarthy, making his new work was ignored. He suffered under the long term and many negative reviews in America, but he remained very popular in Europe. In the early 1960s he made a tour through 40 US States, with its French poodle Charley. This resulted in the book Travels with Charley: in search of America (1962).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1962 followed the ultimate Award for his writing career, he received the Nobel Prize in literature.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">John Steinbeck remarried twice – Gwyn Conger (1943) and Elaine Anderson (1950) – and had two sons, Thomas and John.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bio_2-2" len="170" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2] ==Bibliography<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p lang="en" len="262" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the Salamander by Querido published 13 titles of Steinbeck in translation. ==Filmography<span class="mw-editsection" len="332" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==
 * Cup of Gold (1929)
 * The Pastures of Heaven (1932) (the promised land)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" len="166" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[5]
 * The Red Pony (1933)
 * To a God Unknown (1933)
 * Tortilla Flat (1935) (Danny & compagnie)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" len="166" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[6]
 * In Dubious Battle (1936)
 * Of Mice and Men (1937) (of mice and men)
 * The Long Valley (1938)
 * The Grapes of Wrath (1939) (the grapes of wrath )
 * The Forgotten Village (1941)
 * Sea of Cortez: A Leisurely Journal of Travel and Research (1941)
 * The Moon Is Down (1942) (The Flycatcher)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" len="166" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[7]
 * Bombs Away: The Story of a Bomber Team (1942)
 * Cannery Row (1945) (a look in Cannery Row)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" len="166" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8]
 * The Wayward Bus (1947) (The misguided bus)
 * The Pearl (1947) (the Pearl)
 * A Russian Journal (1948)
 * Burning Bright (1950)
 * The Log from the Sea of Cortez (1951)
 * East of Eden (1952)
 * Sweet Thursday (1954) (good Thursday)
 * The Short Reign of Pippin IV: A Fabrication (1957)
 * Once There Was A War (1958) (once upon a time there was a war)
 * The Winter of Our Discontent (1961) (Wintertij of reluctance)
 * Travels with Charley: In Search of America (1962) (travelling with Charley)
 * America and Americans (1966)
 * Journal of a Novel: The East of Eden Letters (1969)
 * Viva Zapata! (1975)
 * The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights (1976)
 * Working Days: The Journals of The Grapes of Wrath (1989)
 * Steinbeck in Viet Nam: Dispatches from the War (2012), Thomas e. Barden (Editor)
 * 1939- Of Mice and Men — directed by Lewis Milestone, featuring Burgess Meredith, Lon Chaney Jr., and Betty Field
 * 1940- The Grapes of Wrath — directed by John Ford, with Henry Fonda, Jane Darwell and John Carradine
 * 1941- The Forgotten Village — directed by Alexander Helena and Herbert Kline, Burgess Meredith, Narrator music Hanns Eisler
 * 1942- Tortilla Flat — directed by Victor Fleming, with Spencer Tracy, Hedy Lamarr and John Garfield
 * 1943- The Moon is Down — directed by Irving Pichel, with Lee j. Cobb and Cedric Hardwicke
 * 1944- Lifeboat — directed by Alfred Hitchcock, featuring Tallulah Bankhead, Hume Cronyn and John Hodiak
 * 1944- A Medal for Benny — directed by Irving Pichel, with Dorothy Lamour and Arturo de Cordova
 * 1947- La Perla (The Pearl, Mexico) — directed by Emilio Fernández, featuring Pedro Armendáriz and María Elena Marqués
 * 1949- The Red Pony — directed by Lewis Milestone, featuring Myrna Loy, Robert Mitchum and Louis Calhern
 * 1952- Viva Zapata! — directed by Elia Kazan, featuring Marlon Brando, Anthony Quinn and Jean Peters
 * 1955 – East of Eden — directed by Elia Kazan, featuring James Dean, Julie Harris, Jo Van Fleet and Raymond Massey
 * 1957- The Wayward Bus — directed by Victor Vicas, featuring Rick Jason, Jayne Mansfield, and Joan Collins
 * 1961- Flight — with Efrain Ramírez and Siddharth Cortez
 * Ikimize bir dünya 1962-(Of Mice and Men, Turkey)
 * 1972- Topoli (Of Mice and Men, Iran)
 * 1982- Cannery Row — directed by David s. Ward, with Nick Nolte and Debra Winger
 * 1992- Of Mice and Men — directed by Gary Sinise, with John Malkovich and Gary Sinise