Judo

Judo (柔道jūdō) is a Japanese art of self-defence, which was designed around 1882 by Jigoro Kano. The word means "soft way", where the word do (way) is akin to tao and next to the meaning ' way ' also the connotation of ' path '. A practitioner of judo is called a judoka. Judo is a sport that is practiced worldwide and is also an Olympic sport .



Content
[hide] *1 list of judo techniques  ==List of judo techniques[ Edit] == Ippon Seoi NageA main classification of judo practice distinguishes
 * 1.1 Nage-waza
 * 1.2 Katame-waza
 * 2 History
 * 3 Tradition
 * 4 graduation system of judo
 * 5 Kata
 * Match 6
 * 6.1 Contest categories in the judo
 * 6.2 race time and start-stop commands from the referee
 * 6.3 FIRST AID
 * 6.4 point scoring and rating techniques.
 * 6.4.1 jogai Jonai '/' ' ', in/out
 * 6.4.2 Tachi-waza, standing techniques
 * 6.4.3 Ne-waza, ground techniques
 * 6.5 Penalties
 * 6.5.1 Shido
 * 6.5.2 Hansoku-make, disqualification
 * 6.5.3 Grabbing
 * 6.5.3.1 = names of the penalties
 * 6.6 end of the contest
 * 7 Youth rules
 * 8 judokas
 * 9 Judo schools
 * 10 World Championships
 * 11 see also
 * 12 References
 * 13 external links

In addition, the judoka well the technique of ukemi-waza falling, to master.
 * tachi-waza (standing fight)
 * ne-waza (fight on the ground)

The various combat techniques of judo are divided into:

===Nage-waza[ Edit] === The various throws can be classified as follows:
 * nage-waza (throwing technique, throws)
 * katame-waza (control engineering)

===Katame-waza[ Edit] === <p lang="en" len="63" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The different containment techniques are divided into:
 * ashi-waza (leg throws): throw techniques performed with the leg or the foot and exercised on a leg or foot of the opponent, after that is out of balance or is brought.
 * goshi-waza (hip throws); the basic technique of the hip throw is the opponent, when this is out of balance, using the hip to hip throw objects and so on
 * kata-waza (shoulder throws)
 * te-waza (armworpen, actually hand techniques)
 * sutemi-waza (sacrifice throws), throw techniques which the one run, such steps are drop, and so the own body this way if it were ' sacrifices '. The downward movement is used to throw the body of the opponent

Juji gatame (十字固 cross lock), akansetsu-waza <p lang="en" len="220" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">See list of judo techniques
 * osae-komi-waza (love handles), techniques with which one can keep under control the opponent on the ground
 * ude-kansetsu-waza (armklemmen); the intention of the elbow joint is an armlock that immobilizes
 * shime-waza (strangleholds)

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The techniques are designed to an opponent without injuring him. Store, punches and kicks are prohibited in the judo competition, but defenses against such attacks are taught at the higher degrees to better understand the history of judo. In the beginning they are deemed too dangerous for the young judokas. In the exam material for the 3rd dan is even a kata with a defense against an attack with a sword. ==History<span class="mw-editsection" len="323" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">When coming up with judo was drawn from the rich Japanese tradition to martial arts. Clips and throws combinations, however, were from the repertoire omitted: those can be dangerous, if the partner dominated normally just wouldn't do the technique of insufficient (for example, in tai-jutsu techniques that play an important role).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Jigoro Kano had when designing the sport, which derived from older defensive arts as emphatically a Jujitsu, mind training for eyes. His philosophy is characterized by two concepts:

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Originally it was intended that force at the practice no role would play: with the proper application of the learned techniques would be a small and weak person is on fairly elegant way be able to defend against a large and strong attacker. However, when the contestwas a sport, faded this starting point. After all, once both opponents the same techniques and possible responses to it (the acquisition techniques) control in equal measure, also other factors such as force yet again play a role. This allows matches today also the picture giving inelegant tensile and lashing work, where the similarity with the original intent to look far is. Contemporary contest judoka to do strength training. It is telling that during matches occasionally even prevents the gi (the suit) ripped off. Do some judokas also specifically targeted at strengthening the grip strength training in the gym, by means of pull exercises with a gi wrapped around a pulley. ==Tradition<span class="mw-editsection" len="319" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Judoka's wearing a white cotton pants and a modern jacket (uwagi) that by a band (obi) is held together. The whole is called a gi. During matches of high level, such as the Olympic Games, wears a white suit and the other one judoka judoka a blue suit. By this distinction is this dynamic for the public and the referees. Girls wear a white t-shirt under the uwagi. Judo lessons take place in a dojo and start in seiza (kneeling position).Also, it is a habit, before one enters the dojo, once to bend towards the mat (tatami). Also before the tatami leaves one does this as a sign of respect. ==Graduation system of judo<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At judo shows the color of the band to the level of the wearer. A newbie has a white band, then yellow, Orange, green, blue, Brown and black follow (the kyu-degrees, which are numbered from top to bottom — a high degree has a low number). The waiting time between kyu's is at least six months. The higher the than, the longer the waiting time.
 * Seiryoku Zenyo (Maximum effectiveness with minimum bet): what a person does, should happen with optimal use of mental and physical energy. In the judo one learns to use the power of the opponent to topple him. In life, this is the principle of doing the right things at the right time.
 * Kyoei Faiz (Mutual benefit and well-being): the participants need to have respect for themselves and for others. When practicing judo teach them to work together the skills. With no opponent to Judo one can not learn the sport; one ejects itself and is in turn thrown. This view of collaborative learning is also valid in other areas of life.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For children and young judokas to 12 years there is a subdivision in which to slip a band can sit a other color to indicate that the practitioner between the worn band and the following in it. Between the master degrees (black bands; thandegrees) is to see the distinction to white or yellow stripes cross on the tip of the black belt. A higher dangraadhouder is not required to wear those marks on his band; then a fifth, a "naked" black belt wear.

<p lang="en" len="120" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">All judoka's must be members of a national judo Association judo and possess a passport for contests and exams.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The kyuexams are conducted by the judo clubs. 1st to 3rd thenexams are conducted by regional examination boards. Only 4th and 5th thanexams are conducted by National Board of examiners. The candidates of 4th or 5th then be reviewed by the masters who have 6th or higher than . Thenbe more than 6 degrees above on the basis of merits for the judo sport than for exceptional skill in running them granted. At the sixth, seventh and eighth than there is a red and white band, alternately at the 9th and 10th than a red band. The ties are obtained in a judo Passport signed off.
 * NOTE 1: the system of colored bands and slippage is a Western system. In Japan one has the format: white (6th to 4th kyu)-Brown (3rd to 1st kyu)-black.
 * NOTE 2: a must for his black belt judoka an exam. All candidates must prove their skills. The danexamen consists of kata and the so called free part. In principle, every judoka kata show, also because kata shows whether the candidate really have the necessary knowledge or judo. Formerly judoka's who got no matches had done, a black belt with a white stripe in length (the joshi obi) instead of a whole black belt. Women at that time were allowed to play no games there, was this band soon called a ' women's band '.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Than the 10th so far awarded to only 19 judokas in the world. Most 10th-thanholders are Japanese. Only two Dutch, Anton Geesink and Jaap Nauwelaerts de Agé, and one British judoka, Charles Palmer, are in the possession of these thandegree. On 8 January 2006 three new 10th thenholders elected by the Kodokan, this was for the first time in 22 years. Jigoro Kano obtained after his death thanthe 11th, a broad white band. The philosophy of Jigoro Kano is of continuous improvement, and there is therefore no restriction to indeed an 11th, 12th or higher "than" to get. Yet the 11th than a kind of psychological border, and out of respect for Kano sensei will therefore probably never anyone actually get awarded the 11th "than".

<p lang="en" len="27" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The 19 judokas with 10th dan:

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">* = 10th dan international Judo Federation (IJF)
 * Kyuzo Mifune (1883-1965)
 * Kunisaburo Iizuka (1875-1958)
 * Kaichiro Samura (1880-1964)
 * Hidekazu Nagaoka (1876-1952)
 * Yoshitsugu Yamashita (1865-1935)
 * Haijme Isogai (1871-1947)
 * Shotaro Tabata (1884-1950)
 * Kotaro Okano (1885-1967)
 * Matsutaro Shoriki (1885-1969)
 * Shozo Nakano (1888-1977)
 * Tamio Kurihara (1896-1979)
 * Sumiyuki Kotani (1903-1991)
 * Anton Geesink (1934-2010) *
 * Charles Palmer (1930-2001) *
 * Toshiro Daigo (1926)
 * Ichiro Abe (1923)
 * Yoshimi Osawa (1925)
 * Jaap Nauwelaerts de Agé (1917) #
 * Kazuo Ito (1898-1974)
 * George Kerr (1937)

==Kata<span class="mw-editsection" len="315" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Judo has several kata. Kata can be seen as "grammar" or "the backbone" of the judo. Compare it with a language: you get flabby without grammar phrases. In judo is no different. Kata is a compulsory part of the danexamen, but is also practiced outside. Usually starts practicing kata and the nikkyugradatie around the thirteenth year.
 * 1) = 10th dan Judo Federation Netherlands (JBN)

<p lang="en" len="33" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Japanese kata in judo are:

<p lang="en" len="67" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition, there are many kata designed by others than the Kodokan. ==Contest<span class="mw-editsection" len="320" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Judo Championships in Voorburg. Wim Ruskawins the semi-final for all categories of Kuznetzov (USSR) and the final of Onashvili (USSR). (1972)<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In matches are, based on an idea of the Dutch judoka Anton Geesink, also called a blue and a white judogi used so the referee can see better what body part during the fight which athlete belongs. In addition, it is all much clearer on film and television. At small competitions and contests in Japan are a red and a white band used.The sport is practiced throughout the world by young and old in the judoka's Olympic program. Most never take part in official matches, judokas and make only mutual matches during the training sessions. Disabled athletes (G-judoka 's) are integrated, but have their own contest calendar.
 * Nage no Kata
 * Katame no Kata
 * Koshiki no Kata
 * Go no Kata
 * Joshi Goshin Ho
 * Kodokan Goshin Jutsu
 * Kime no Kata
 * Itsutsu no Kata
 * Seiryoku Zenyo Kokumin Taiiku no Kata
 * Ju no kata

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The pedagogical value of the recreational judo has been shown. Also for people with disabilities can judo of value. A positive effect has been demonstrated for (especially with children) autism and ADHD.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Judo is practiced on a mat, known as tatami, which somewhat gives way, so that even if one is thrown, there is usually no powerful on one injured. The technique of ' break ' (soften) by the fall, both one's own body as that of the opponent, is an important part of judo.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The matdelen, which make up the contest in the same plane, no gap should be placed against each other, possess a solid top surface and so arranged that shift is not possible. The mats are made of pressed straw or, more common, of pressed foam. A judo match will take place at at least 14 at 14 meters and up to 16 by 16 metres, where the wedstrijdmat at least 8 at 8 and a maximum of 10 by 10 feet in size may be. The space outside the match square for the judoka's an alternative, because the party often on a stage is held.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A race is led by a Head Referee (standing on the mat) and two assistant referees (on a Chair on the opposite vertices of the mat). Also are present: a table jury of two to three people, a umpire Committee and a main jury. Furthermore, at the match is present: FIRST AID, coaches and the General organisation. ====Contest categories in the judo<span class="mw-editsection" len="343" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Judokas are divided by age and weight at matches. A breakdown by age has the following categories. The category ' 12-' or U12 contains the judoka's who on 31 december of the year in which the competition takes place less than 12 years old will be. The category ' 15-' or U15 contains the judoka's who on 31 december of the year in which the competition takes place less than 15 years old will be. The above means that when an 11-year-old judoka on 1 January in a tournament he wants to do and on december 30, 12 years old, it has to do in the 15-category.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The match duration depends on the League in which one plays. For seniors takes a match 5 minutes with any extension. For juniors takes a match 2 to 4 minutes depending on the age.

<p lang="en" len="100" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The classification by weight currently has seven categories and can still vary depending on the age ====Race time and start-stop commands from the referee<span class="mw-editsection" len="372" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The beginning of a match is indicated by the command hajime (start). The game time is continuous and can only be interrupted by a stop command of the Referee: mate (wait) or sono-mama (do not move). After degreestarts the match and time by a command hajime which the judoka's take their start position. Start the match after sono-mama and time by the command which the judoka's yosh, adopt the same positions as at the time of giving the command sono-mama (usually a hold). The command sono-mama is referred to by the referee should be used if a match briefly shut down, so that a referee can perform an order measure. Example of such a situation is that a judoka who is in a hold, with his hand in the face pushes the judoka who bovenligt. ====FIRST AID<span class="mw-editsection" len="316" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p lang="en" len="47" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">FIRST AID may at youth competitions always on the mat.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In seniors matches (15 and older) may not enter the mat itself without consequence FIRST AID. When the FIRST AID without having to have been invited by the referee enters the mat, lose the judoka for which the FIRST AID the mat entered the contest. The referee can enter for the decision:

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For reasons other than the above may be a referee not the FIRST AID on the mat questions. Judoka's and coaches can also own the FIRST AID to enter requests for the mat, the consequence is that the judoka has lost the match automatically. ===Scoring and rating techniques.<span class="mw-editsection" len="356" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Judo techniques carried out by successful can the scores: ippon, waza-ari, yuko or are earned. Balance disturbances that lead to a successful technique and hold handles of 14 seconds or shorter (so-called kinza) get no formal appreciation, but the referee remember to provide the breakthrough at a draw at indicate the better judoka.
 * injuries to head, back and neck;
 * injuries to the scrotum;
 * cracked nails;
 * blood, which on two occasions for the same wound FIRST AID should connect. Bleed the wound a third time the judoka lost the match.

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Jogai Jonai '/' ' ', in/out<span class="mw-editsection" len="335" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Jonai, a standing technique is also known as ' in ', as the result of the action is clear before the judokas have left both the battle-space. As a result, the actual technique and landing both outside the battle-space may be, as long as the technique but within the combat area was begun. Jonai, a fundamental technique is also known as ' in ', as long as one of the judokas still has physical contact with the battle-space. A body part that floats above the battle-space, so can't be taken in determining whether any action ' in ' is. If an action is not ' in ', then a ', or ' action jogaifrom, and should the match be interrupted immediately by giving the command matte, whereby the judoka's go back to their starting positions.

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Tachi-waza, standing techniques<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A ippon (full point) one gets for a technique that both strength, speed, and which the opponent as control has largely on the back lands. A "waza-ari" (half point) one gets for a technique that do control and speed orpower and which the opponent largely on the back lands. A yuko one gets for a technique who has control and power or speed, and which the opponent lands on the side, or a technique that controls but no power and no speed and which the opponent largely on the back lands. If a judoka or knock with the word maita calls, gives this judoka the contest on; his opponent wins with a ippon.

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Ne-waza, ground techniques<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A hold should meet the following criteria: the opponent lies with his back or a shoulder on the mat, the executor carries out pressure from above, there is control, there is contact between the body of the performer and the torso of the opponent, the performer lies not with his back towards the mat (so no ura location). If a hold lasts 20 seconds or more, it will be with a ippon appreciated. If a hold 15-19 seconds is this with a waza-ariappreciated. If a hold 10-14 seconds is this with a yuko appreciated.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">If a judoka or knock with the word maita calls, this, his opponent wins the game on judoka than with an ippon. Specify can be facilitated by constructing an armlock (17 years and over) <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" len="156" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[1]  or a strangulation (12 years and older).

<p lang="en" len="125" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Points in a table (points are used in administering the result of a contest by the race officials): ===Penalties<span class="mw-editsection" len="320" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Penalties are divided into light and heavy punishments, punishments, shido, Hansoku-make. If one has a deserves punishment has no further effects on the scoreboard, but at the end of the game they can care for gain or loss. If there is a tie, but one of the judoka's has a shido, then wins the judoka with the least shido's. Four ' shido's ' are equal to one ' hansuko-make hansoku-make ' A ' ' leads to losing the match, which the other judoka points equal to an ippon (10), and can lead to disqualification, see below.

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Shido<span class="mw-editsection" len="317" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A shido is given for behavior that disrupts the game illegally. This is among other things:


 * excessively defensive judo;
 * passive judo;
 * three times the pause/Dodge kumikatagevecht<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" len="156" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[2]
 * Needless to the ground diving;
 * a lot of unnecessary the combat space run out;
 * with hands or feet in the face of the opponent are;
 * the uniform yourself or rearrange your opponent;
 * avoid gasket;
 * flood attack;
 * fingers in the sleeve or pant leg stitches;
 * unilateral gasket (gasket may as the judoka who has the unilateral right throws after grabbing);
 * create an armlock in matches with judokas from 16 years or younger;
 * strangulation in matches with judoka's from 11 years or younger;
 * the fingers of the opponent bend backwards;
 * speaking during a match.

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Hansoku-make, disqualification<span class="mw-editsection" len="341" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Hansuko-make can be given directly for a serious violation of the rules as described below or ' earned ' by four times to obtain a shido . At a ' direct ' hansuko-make always follows the exclusion of the rest of the tournament because of disqualification, except for diving. Hansuko-make an "indirect" obtained by four shido's does not lead to exclusion of the rest of the tournament but only to losing the match due to disqualification.

<p lang="en" len="53" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A ' direct ' hansuko-make is given for:

<p lang="en" len="230" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Attached the note that grabbing and diving as the only ' direct ' hansuko-makes not to exclusion for the entire tournament lead but just lead to a disqualification for the match in which the offence has been committed.
 * apply an armlock on a different spot than the elbow joint;
 * from behind an opponent with the faces in the same direction through the legs forward and fall back position wipe away kwazu-gake;
 * an opponent who has been on the mat is lifting and directly on the mat articles;
 * ignoring the referee;
 * avoid gasket (for Juniors);
 * the grasp of the ' gi ' under the ' obi '
 * call or make gestures that unnecessarily dismissive towards the referee or the opponent;
 * attempt to injure an opponent against the spirit of the judo sport in;
 * any other Act that in serious extent against the spirit of the Judo sport goes;
 * wear a metallic object covered or uncovered;
 * the address of one or both legs from standing position unless an exception in force (see below), for a first offense for the second one gets a shido, a hansuko-make, ' grabbing ';
 * While performing a standing technique with the head forward (somersaults) diving, diving.

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Grabbing<span class="mw-editsection" len="320" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At the end of 2010 is decided by the international Judo Federation (IJF) to tighten up the rules of Judo in order to ensure a greater distinction between Judo and other wrestling sports. One of the rules starting from 2011 was entered by the IJF, and also in the Netherlands by JBN, is, that it was in principle prohibited from a standing position one or both legs to grab the opponent 's, the so-called grabbing.

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Names of the punishments =<span class="mw-editsection" len="335" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ====== ===End of the contest<span class="mw-editsection" len="334" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="55" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A match can be won in the following manner:

<p lang="en" len="227" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the youth rules, there is no ' golden score ', at an equal score at the end of the regular match time, the referees determine the winner here, they look at the issues at stake and judo holds under 10 seconds. ==Youth Rules<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Judo attaches a great importance to safety. To this end, there is a separate youth rules developed for the category 12-. Some of the deviations from the normal rules of procedure mentioned above, the full list of deviations is:
 * throw the opponent with an ippon with a technique which is appreciated, the game ends immediately;
 * throw the opponent twice with a technique which with a waza-ari is appreciated, the game ends immediately;
 * create a stranglehold of 20 seconds or more, making the match ends immediately;
 * throw the opponent with a technique which with a waza-ari is appreciated and make a hold of 15 seconds or more, making the match ends immediately;
 * forcing the opponent to give up by an armlock (17 years and over) or strangulation (12 years and over), the game ends immediately;
 * penalty points of the opponent which cumulative to a second ippon or waza-ari lead directly the game is terminated;
 * the withdrawal of a judoka whereby the other judoka with a ippon WINS and ends the game instantly;
 * at the end of the regular race time have a higher score than the opponent;
 * If either judokas a waza-ari and the other not he wins the contest, regardless of the number of yuko's;
 * If the number of waza-ARI is the same for both judokas, wins the judoka with most yuko's;
 * If the number of waza-ARI and starts the match equal, yuko's again. Who makes the first a result WINS. This is called ' golden score '. The game continues until there is scored or one of the judokas a shido has gotten.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Further will be less quick to giving punishments (shido's) are passed there matches a more pedagogical character. Perhaps unnecessarily still saying that all things that are forbidden, such as in the normal regulation among other things also grabbing and diving, also at youth competitions remain prohibited. There may be directly be given Hansoku-make for the gasket avoid this money only when jeugdregelemt. ==Judoka's<span class="mw-editsection" len="320" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p lang="en" len="207" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">See: list of judoka's
 * No armklemmen;
 * No number of theft;
 * match time is two minutes, (if no extension is needed)
 * FIRST AID should always, also at the request of the judoka, the mat on as many as needed;
 * No techniques performed on one or two knees;
 * no sacrifice throws the opponent over the body of the performer is forward "glove section.

<p lang="en" len="260" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">See also article: sports nutrition at gewichtsklasse ==Judo Schools<span class="mw-editsection" len="323" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Judo.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A judo school is an Association, often called judo Association, or gym where les is given in judo by a judo teacher. Children and adults are Member and practicing and learning here the judo sport. For large associations are professional forces, with other many volunteers. There is also a judo Association competitions. Many races were organized by clubs that are intended for children under 18 years to boost the number of members to maintain.

<p lang="en" len="620" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Netherlands Judo Federation and the Flemish Judo Federation are umbrella organisations involving many judo schools are connected and where judoka's member of can be. ==World Championships<span class="mw-editsection" len="334" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The world judo Championships are organized every two years by the International Judo Federation. The first championship in the men's race took place in 1956 and at the women in1980. These tournaments are merged In 1987.