Berlin Philharmonic

The Berlin Philharmonic (in German : Berliner Philharmoniker) is a symphony orchestra German created in 1882 . It has, with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, one of the most famous orchestras in the world.

Summary

 * 1 History
 * 2 Conductor
 * 3 Others
 * 4 Listening
 * 5 Resources
 * 5.1 Bibliography
 * 5.2 External Links
 * 6 Notes and references

History [ edit | edit the code ]
The orchestra was founded in 1882 by Joachim Andersen , Ludwig von Brenner and fifty-two other defectors musicians of the orchestra led by Benjamin Bilse . The first years were difficult and the orchestra often lacks disappear. In 1887, Hermann Wolff became the agent and engages the conductor Hans von Bülow , who is considered by most musicologists as the first conductor of business. Hans von Bülow was a friend of Liszt , Brahms and Wagner and directed the world premiere of many major works from the second half of the nineteenth century, often in the presence of the composers. Brahms said that his interpretations were exactly what he had written. Therefore, the orchestra quickly became famous. It is headed over the next few years by many prestigious guest conductors, including Hans Richter ,Felix Weingartner , Richard Strauss , Gustav Mahler , Johannes Brahms and Edvard Grieg .

In 1895, the Board Liszt , Arthur Nikisch became the permanent conductor and dominated musical life in Germany for a long time making the most prestigious orchestra. Wilhelm Furtwängler succeeded him in 1922 . The conjunction between the Berlin Philharmonic and Wilhelm Furtwängler is often regarded as the pinnacle of the history of the orchestra and even the history of orchestral direction. Klaus Geitel recounts in his history of the Berlin Philharmonic:
 * "The musical authority of Furtwängler, his awareness of his own charisma, expressive art reached an extremely high level made ​​the Berlin Philharmonic earthly vicar of Western symphonic music. German idealism found there, as well, his account since continuously cultivated such a concern of magnitude. The members of the Berlin Philharmonic seemed to do more than music; they gave the impression of playing to express a worldview, the Weltanschauung of philosophers . "

During this period, the orchestra made ​​many recordings among the most important of the twentieth century often regarded by critics as even highs as the Violin Concerto  2 with Yehudi Menuhin (1953) of Bartók, the  Symphony (1943),  Symphony (1943),  Symphony (1942) by Beethoven , the  Symphony and Piano Concerto No. 2 with Edwin Fischer of Brahms(both in 1942), the  Symphony of Bruckner (1944), the  Symphony by Schubert (1942), the  Symphony of Schumann (1953), the Metamorphosen of Strauss (1947), the  Symphony ("Pathetique") ofTchaikovsky (1938), etc. The symbolic significance of these recordings was such that the Soviets seized in 1945 as "war reparation" with original of Greece ancient, the works of the Italian Renaissance, paintingsimpressionist French. These recordings will be formally made ​​only by the Soviet Union at the end of the year 1980. Since that time, the music director position of the orchestra had a strong fascination for the world of musical direction. This fascination did not diminish with Karajan because of his huge media weight and the fact that literally flooded the world of his recordings with the Berlin Philharmonic.

The orchestra continues to occur during the Second World War, and after the end of hostilities, is headed for three months by Leo Borchard . Following his sudden death in August 1945 , Sergiu Celibidachereplacement. Furtwängler direct all returns in 1947, co-directed with Celibidache until 1952 , and then as the first leader until his death in 1954 . His successor is the charismatic Herbert von Karajan, called life headin 1955 , and will remain at the head of the orchestra for thirty-four years. During this period, the orchestra performs many recordings and tours and acquires considerable media fame. In 1963, he moved to theBerlin Philharmonie , designed for him by the architect Hans Scharoun . The main auditorium is considered an acoustic model of perfection. Karajan leaves his post only months before his death in 1989 . Claudio Abbado then became head of the orchestra, and opens wide programs, which previously favored works classic and romantic, creating contemporary .

Since 2002 , Simon Rattle, a British conductor, is the head of the whole. Under his leadership, the orchestra is not dependent on any government control but a foundation.

It is a vote that the musicians of the Berlin Philharmonic choose their conductor with the notable exception of Herbert von Karajan appointed for life in 1955.

Musical direction [ edit | edit the code ]

 * Hans von Bülow (1887-1895)
 * Arthur Nikisch (1895-1922)
 * Wilhelm Furtwängler (1922-1944)
 * Leo Borchard (1945)
 * Sergiu Celibidache (1945-1952)
 * Wilhelm Furtwängler (1952-1954)
 * Herbert von Karajan (1955-1989)
 * Claudio Abbado (1989-2000)
 * Simon Rattle (since 2002)

Miscellaneous [ edit | edit the code ]
A documentary Trip to Asia - Die Suche nach dem Einklang, was shot by director Thomas Grube on the life of the orchestra during a tour of Asia .

Since October 2008, the orchestra offers a paid via internet portal, the Digital Concert Hall through which you can watch, listening and watching, to live music of the orchestra and also participate in concerts and archive since been some 2014 concerts Herbert von Karajan .

References [ edit | edit the code ]

 * Misha Aster, "Das Reichsorchester". Die Berliner Philharmoniker und der Nationalsozialismus preface Wolf Lepenies, Siedler Verlag, Munich, 2007, 400 p  ( ISBN 978-3-88680-876-2 ) [ online presentation ]
 * Mischa Aster, under the baton of the Reich, the Berlin Philharmonic and National Socialism, translated from the German by Philippe Giraudon, Editions Heloise d'Ormesson, 2009,  ( ISBN 978-2-35087-122-6 ) www.editions-heloisedormesson.com
 * Annemarie Kleinert, Berliner Philharmoniker: Von Karajan bis Rattle, Jaron-Verlag, Berlin, 2005  ( ISBN 3897731312 )