Theoretical physics

Theoretical physics or theoretical physics is a branch of physics that deals with the formation of new physics theories . This distinguishes this branch from the experimental physics, which include theories usingexperiments or trialsCONFIRMS or refutes, and applied physics , which is the well-known physical lawsAPPLYING in appliances, such as machinery, aircraft, power stations and so on.



Content
*1 Types  ==Types [  edit ] == There are basically two types of theories in physics.
 * 2 Develop existing theory
 * 3 Verification
 * 4 History
 * 5   Big Three

This remains close to the measured phenomena and trying to conceive a pattern found together in a rule or law. An example is the Hooke's law for the strength that you need to stretch a spring: it does not describe the underlying principles but only the directCONNECTION between two phenomena (strength and elongation).
 * 1 The phenomenological theory

This posits one or more basic principles and then deduces the consequences of these principles. If they are found to provide a good explanation for a much large class of phenomena, the theory is considered satisfactory. One example is the general theory of relativity . This assumes a few postulates (principles) and leading it for a whole world away from that later suffered a number of experimental tests. ==Elaborating existing theory [  edit ] == Besides theory also holds theoretical physics is concerned with the development of existing theories. Thus, on the basis of the long-tested andACCEPTED laws for the behavior of electrons, toCALCULATEthe behavior of electrons in a specific metal. These derivative laws contain no new fundamental principles but are useful to test andAPPLY the theory. ==<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[Authentication  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Testable predictions must be derived from a scientific theory. According to the falsifiability of the philosopher of science Karl Popper, those predictions attempts at experimental falsification can stand, so the theory, at least temporarily for where it can be assumed. It is necessary to carry out experiments are thus decisive of which a result can mean that the theory is rejected.
 * 2 The fundamental theory

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Therefore, the worst criticism that can affect a theory nicht einmal falsch accused of being (not even wrong, a statement by the Austrian theorist Wolfgang Pauli ). Even false theory by eliciting a refuting experiment further help science, but an untestable theory does not make sense at all. Against the string theory, which otherwise putsNEW RELATIONSHIPS, often as an objection raised that key experiments might not be feasible. Incidentally, the first test, of course, that theory no known symptoms may exclude.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The notion of testability otherwise controversial within the philosophy of science . Thinkers such as Thomas Kuhn , Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend have all kinds of objections and complications conceived by Popper's standard theory. Incidentally, the physics demanded even before Popper the possibility of experimental testability - such as the deflection of starlight by the sun as a test of general relativity . Before Popper, however, it was easier to think about the final CONFIRMATION or verification of a theory. ==History <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Theoretical physics is older than the experimental physics: the ancient Greeks philosophized do about nature but made no experiments to test their theories. As claimed Aristotle that heavy objects fall faster than light. This would have been easy to test, but a "lord of state," as the Greek intellectual saw himself, kept far from handicrafts. They had it in principle craftsmen can leave, but was a more fundamental objection that an experiment was seen as unnatural. With this vision was not until the Early Modern Period broken. Then came the scientific method, in which the theory is tested against quantitative measurements, whether or not in a controlled experiment.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">For a long time the most theorists were also experimentalists, whoCHECKED their theories. Which at that time was more feasible thanTODAY, because then were trials to speak at the kitchen table to do that could lead to groundbreaking results. Galileo made ​​possible even self experiments with falling objects; Huygens made ​​include telescopes and observing Saturn , Newton did experiments with light refraction and observations with a self-built reflecting telescope .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">The specialized theoretical physicist is more recent. It was in the first half of the 19th century still quite common for prominent physicists have developed important insights in fields as diverse as thermodynamics and electrical engineering, then it quickly became rarer. The experiment itself fell into disuse. Hendrik Lorentz was in 1878, as one of the first in Europe, a professor in the new separate section of theoretical physics at the University of Leiden . In the twentieth century, the theorist usually specialize in one field: for example, in statistical mechanics , nuclear physics and particle physics . Yet it happens that a researcher in a field both experiment and theory controlled. ==Big three <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;">Of the numerous practitioners of theoretical physics from history are the "big three" Isaac Newton (1642-1727), James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) and Albert Einstein (1879-1955) the most important.