George Orwell

George Orwell, pen name for Eric Arthur Blair (Motihari (India), June 25, 1903 – January 21, London, 1950) was a British writer, journalist and critic. He is one of the most admired English-language authors of the 20th century. The best known are the two works he wrote toward the end of his life: Animal Farm and 1984. The its sharp charges against Stalinism and totalitarianism.



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[hide] *1 Eton College and Indian Imperial Service  ==Eton College and Indian Imperial Service[ Edit] == Eric Arthur Blair was born on 25 June 1903 in Motihari, Bihar, India from a Scottish family. His father Richard Blair worked for the opium Department of the Civil Service.His mother Ida Lamo brought him to England after a year. He had an older sister, Marjorie, and a younger sister, Avril. Ironically he would Later describe his family background as lower-upper-middle class.
 * participatory journalism 2
 * a Spanish adventure 3
 * Second World War 4
 * 5 are masterpieces
 * 6 Death
 * 7 political views
 * 8 Bibliography
 * 8.1 Books
 * 9 see also
 * 10 external links

As a child he was sent to Eton College from 1917 to 1921. From some school reports indicate that he was a weak student but from other the opposite. A number of teachers clearly could not handle what they experienced as a lack of respect for their authority. He was relatively happy with his independence in Eton, but it has him for the rest of his life an aversion of the British upper class do get. His family could not pay and so he joined University in 1922 at the Indian Imperial Service in Burma. He served there as a government functionary in Katha and Moulmein. When he returned on leave to England in 1927, he resigned from the colonial service.

This period later inspired him to write the novel Burmese days (Burmese Days). The story is set in Burma from the background of the colonial British Empire. The main character John Flory does not feel at home in the European Club in the right-wing atmosphere of the settlers environment. He loves to Burma and the Burmese, but abhors the British colonialism and imperialism. His life is lonely and bitter. One may assume that that then also true of Orwell himself. ==Participatory journalism[ Edit] == Blair then switched to journalism. In 1928 he moved to Paris where his aunt lived. His career as a freelance journalist wouldn't succeed, he stayed in the poverty of the slums and toiled in hotel kitchens to survive.Back in London he shared in 1929 forced the fate of homeless wanderers. What started as a number of miserable months, grew into a literary project about people who live on the fringes. His dark period was over, but from 1929 he went further in that world to get to know her better. Blair took the name of the river Orwell in Suffolk and made his debut in January 1933 as a writer with Down and Out in Paris and London(translated as on the ground in London and Paris). Society looked down on the arms, the dishwashers and the beggars, but he took it up for the faint. They are ordinary people with less resources for the rest are not different from those of the other citizens.

In 1936, Orwell paid by the Left Book Club to write a report about the poverty of the working class in the North of England. The first part of The Road to Wigan Pier described life in the coal mines of Lancashire andYorkshire. In the second part told Orwell about his growing political awareness. He complained so strongly to certain irresponsible elements of the left, that the Publisher a demulcent preface to the book added. After his research work married Orwell with Eileen O'Shaughnessy. With these two books can Orwell be regarded as one of the founders of participatory journalism. ==A Spanish adventure[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In december 1936 he went to Spain to get into the Spanish civil war (1936-1939) to fight against the fascism. He took service with the militia of the POUM and Marxist was on 17 May 1937 to the front at Huescaseriously injured by a shot wound in his neck. To great surprise by Orwell they came heavily into collision with the Spanish Communists who are corrugated to the international interests of the Soviet Union. When the POUM in June 1937 was forbidden, he had to flee from Barcelona. In Catalonia, Orwell the dictatorial nature of the know Stalinism . The Stalinist witch hunt against the POUM with smear campaigns, false accusations, searches and arrests have made him a lifelong allergy stalinist. He described his experiences in homage to Catalonia (Homage to Catalonia). ==Second World War<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">As a new Member of Independent Labour resisted Orwell is first against the rearmament of England in the run-up to the war with nazi Germany. Shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War, however, he left that political party because of their extreme pacifism and joined the British Home Guard. As Marxist patriot he hoped that the war would lead to a revolutionary movement among the British people.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1941, he worked for the BBC Eastern Service those Indian and East Asian support wanted to win for the British war effort. He was aware of the propagandistic content. The British Ministry of information was the inspiration for the Ministry of truth from 1984. Orwell's resignation from the BBC followed shortly after a report that showed that very few Indians listened to the broadcasts. He was also impatient to embark onAnimal Farm . ==His masterpieces<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1945 knew his anti-Stalinist satire Animal Farm (translated as animal farm and Farm of the animals) good luck. The story was about a commune of intelligent farm animals. The pigs Snowball and Napoleon to dislodge the idea to launch their tyrannical boss, so that the animals can live and work as equals. After the revolution's going the animal farm for the wind, but the pigs are corrupt and the utopian ideals in the service of their own interests. The basic principle all animals are equal is changed to all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others. In the end it is the commune has become a dictatorship. The allegory was referring to the Russian Revolution which, in his view, totally degenerated under the influence of the dictator Joseph Stalin. Orwells Animal Farm meant breakthrough as a writer. For the first time in his life Orwell got a comfortable income. His wife died in 1945 during an operation, after they briefly before a boy, Richard Blair, had adopted.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">His most famous work is the dystopian future novel 1984. In 1949 Orwell sketched a bleak picture of how humanity would look there 35 years later: a totalitarian society under the control of the all-seeing eye of Big Brother in which human freedom was completely restricted. The book the world had to warn of totalitarianism. Orwell doubted initially between the titles The Last Man in Europe or 1984, but its publisher helped him to choose for 1984 . He wrote much of the novel on the island of Jura for the Scottish coast. ==Death<span class="mw-editsection" len="330" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In October 1949 he married with Sonia Brownell died on 21 January 1950, but the 46-year-old Orwell in London to tuberculosis. He had probably contracted the disease during the period of Down and Out in Paris and London. The last three years of his life he has in many hospitals located. He was buried in accordance with the Anglican rite and is the All Saints ' Churchyard of Sutton Courtenay in Oxfordshire. ==Political views<span class="mw-editsection" len="341" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Orwell was always to the political left. In the beginning of his political commitment he manifested itself as a revolutionary marxist. He was strongly influenced by Trotskyist critique of the Soviet Union and theanarchist emphasis on individual freedom. From 1943 did change his thinking. He gradually began to defend the democratic socialism and took specifically disclaim of Soviet Russian totalitarianism. Although he knew that collectivism could lead to tyranny, he estimated the danger of the capitalism in 1944 still bigger in. During the elections of 1945 he came on for Labour.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1949 he handed to a friend, who worked for the anti-Communist contra propaganda of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a list of 37 journalists and artists of which he guessed that they had hidden Communist sympathies. He played her the names in her give warning them not to take the arm for the work of her organization. On the list were the actors Michael Redgraveand Charlie Chaplin . His list contained a grain of truth: the persons mentioned had all made statements publicly pro-Communist. ==Bibliography<span class="mw-editsection" len="332" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Books<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===
 * 1933 – Down and Out in Paris and London
 * 1934- Burmese Days
 * 1935- A clergyman's Daughter
 * 1936- Keep the Aspidistra Flying
 * 1937- The Road to Wigan Pier
 * 1938- Homage to Catalonia
 * 1939- Coming up for Air
 * 1945 – Animal Farm
 * 1949 – Nineteen Eighty-Four