Astrid Lindgren

Astrid Lindgren (Swedish pronunciation:/lɪndɡre ˈ ː n/), born Astrid Anna Emilia Ericsson (Vimmerby, 1907 - november 14, Stockholm, January 28, 2002) was a Swedishwriter of stories for both children and adults.



Content
[hide] *1 early life and family life  ==Early life and family life[ Edit] == Ericsson grew up near Vimmerby in Småland in southern Sweden, on the farm, which her parents Samuel August Ericsson Näs (1875-1969) and Johanna Sofia Hanna Jonsson (1879-1961), dating. Astrid was their second child. She had an older brother, Gunnar (1906-1974), and later two younger sisters, Stina (1911-2002, married to Hergin) and Ingegerd (1916-1997).
 * 2 Work
 * 3 Writing
 * 3.1 Pippi Longstocking 60 years
 * 3.2 Translations
 * 3.3 Archive
 * 4 politically active
 * 5 Death and funeral
 * 6 To Astrid Lindgren named prices
 * 7 named after Astrid Lindgren
 * 8 Prices
 * 9 Bibliography
 * 10 secondary literature
 * footnotes 11
 * 12 external links

When she was 18 years old and a journalist in training at the local newspaper Vimmerbytidningen, she was pregnant. The father of the child, the editor-in-Chief of the newspaper, wanted to marry her, but they hit this proposal off and moved to Stockholm. Her child, a son named Lars (' Lasse ') was born on 4 december 1926 in the National Hospital of Copenhagen. She had been given a lawyer's help to arrange the formalities. This was the only hospital in Scandinavia where children could be born without information to public bodies; in particular she did the name of the father not to give up. The child lived there for the first few years of his life in foster care, until Astrid Lindgren Stockholm in 1929 to him when his foster mother fell ill. In the meantime they saved her pay on of her modest Office job and visited him as often as she could. In the beginning, they lived together in the room that they hired. Because there is no day care centres existed, paste the landlady daytime at Lars. The summer after he was placed in Lindgren's Näs parents at home. In Stockholm she learned for Secretary, got work as Office help and stenografe and lived there the rest of her life.

In 1928 she began as a Secretary at the Swedish Motormännens Riksförbund motorists organization and met her future husband, Sture Lindgren (1898-1952), who at that time was kantoorchef. They married in april 1931 and she took his last name about. They moved to a two-room flat on the Vulcanusgatan and Lars got back to Stockholm. On 21 may 1934 they got their daughter Karin. Lindgren stopped afterwards with her work and was until 1937 at home with the baby.

In 1941 the family moved to a flat at number 46 in the Dalagatan, overlooked the Vasa Park. In keeping with its modest personality Lindgren lived the rest of her life in this three-room flat.

Daughter Karin married in 1958 with Carl-Olof Nyman and took the surname of her husband about it. Son Lars was at that time already married. Astrid Lindgren lived after her husband's death (in 1952) and home of the children alone. Lars died in 1986.

The Lindgrens had seven grandchildren. Six of them are Mats Lindgren, Annika Lindgren, Anders Lindgren, Carl Johan Nyman, Olle Nyman and Nils Nyman. ==Work[ Edit] == Parallel to her writers course worked Astrid Lindgren from her 40th until her 65th as editor at the publishing house Rabén & Sjögren, who also issued all its books. Of her adult life, except by her writers life, not much is known because they loved her personal life for themselves. ==Writing<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Lindgren described her father, Samuel August, as an excellent storyteller who was able to the smallest detail people, environment and situations drawn from Smålandse landscape alive. He was very important for her and his stories can be found in her books. She has written a biography of her parents, who out of love got married, had a good life together, as parents were there for their children and gave them a lot of leeway. Their love story has written them in Sevedstorp Samuel August från och Hanna Hult, released in 1976.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Her writing is strongly influenced by her childhood in the Småland of the early twentieth century. They borrowed to nature and the environment of its most books. Its own sheltered childhood was the key.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">From her fifth las them everything they came across and at school she got constantly told that they would be decided later writer. Therefore she took for that they would never do. At the age of thirteen she wrote a little story for the local newspaper where they later got work. In the 1930s she wrote two stories for the magazine and every night they Landsbygdens jul told a little story for her children. Her writing career began with a story about Pippi Longstocking (Swedish Pippi Långstrump).

Villa Villekulla<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The history of Pippi Longstocking began in the winter of 1941, when Karin, seven years old, lying in bed with pneumonia and her mother asked a little story to tell about Pippi Longstocking, a name they came up with at that time. Lindgren began to tell and the story took shape. However, it took much longer before they wrote down. This was for the first time three years later, meant as a gift for Karins tenth anniversary.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1944 she released her first book, "Britt-Mari Britt Mari sitt hjärte" (Britt-Mari air her heart) and they obtained second prize in a children's book contest. The following year, she won with a manuscript of Pippi Longstocking, that they previously, in another version, sent back had gotten a publishing house. Pippi Longstocking was the beginning of a new era in the children's book world. She became a symbol for the free man that conventions and authorities put overboard and freed as the child and the children's literature of the heavy moral. Together with Tove Jansson and Lennart Hellsing Astrid Lindgren is therefore considered one of the so-called ' Giants ' of the Swedish-speaking children's literature, that the living world and the fantasy of children placed.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">When Lindgren made his debut as a writer, she created a period of illness and concerned about the family. Especially the autumn 1944 was worrisome. She began to write spontaneously, as a way out of reality and a therapy against the concerns: "when I write, I am unreachable for all concerned".

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">She has for children both idyllic stories like detective stories or stories about lonely children written. Lindgren also wrote essays and books for adults, picture books, songs lyrics and scripts for film and theatre. About 40 movies are based on her books.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">According to the Norwegian writer Jo Tenfjord laughed she always wanted her books to those who ' psychologizing '. If someone on her back to be tried by a back not essential ' pretentious ' question, she could there suddenly in the Smålandse dialect on reply with: "how much does an average Brown horse?" It was said that she retained throughout her life the child in themselves. They said themselves that they always "a kind of playfulness in relation to life" had. She meant that children have a special kind of humor and that that must be present in children's books. In addition, she found that children belong to know of grief, evil and death. That are present in the world and children need to learn to cope with it. Particularly In the brothers Lionheart (Bröderna Lejonhjärta) she writes about death.

''I want to write for an audience that creates miracles. Children create miracles if they read.''<p lang="en" len="268" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Her last manuscript, a short story, supplied Lindgren off when she was 74 years. ===Pippi Longstocking 60 years<span class="mw-editsection" len="344" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 2005, Pippi Longstocking sixty years and that did not go unnoticed. She was the most popular brainchild of Lindgren. ===Translations<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Her books have been translated into nearly 90 languages in 100 countries, including Thai, Russian, Arabic and Slovak. They sold a total of more than 100 million copies.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Pippi Longstocking was Lindgren's first book that was translated into German. This book was already denied by five German publishing houses before a just started publishing house in 1949, moving to the publication. Lindgren stayed with this publishing house.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The French translation of Pippi Longstocking appeared in 1951 and was severely censored, because the book was considered as anarchic and provocative. The first uncensored French version of Pippi Longstocking only appeared over 40 years later in 1995. ===Archive<span class="mw-editsection" len="329" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The personal Archive of Lindgren, including much of her original manuscripts and a large collection of reader letters, is in the Royal Library in Stockholm and is since 2005 on the World Heritage list for documents. ==Politically active<span class="mw-editsection" len="337" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p lang="en" len="133" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Astrid Lindgren was very politically involved and the last thirty years of her life she uttered often in social debates.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">They spoke out as an opponent of the inclusion of Sweden in the EU, they defended the rights of the animal and took part in environmental debates. Pomperipossa i Monismanienher story, which appeared in theExpressenevening journal, was the beginning of a belastingrel in Sweden, which indirectly led to losing elections fall 1976 by the Government of Olof Palme. Then came the Social Democrats for the first time in 44 years not in the Government.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The story she wrote after she found out had come to have 102% tax paid (this is the marginal tax rate) and the Minister of finance Gunnar Sträng mockingly claimed that the publishing house had a mathematical error. Later he had to recognize that this was not the case.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A few years later, the Social Democrats got its support back when her Minister Ingvar Carlsson and the rest of Sweden, in line with a new dierenrechtenwet in 1988. This law was given the name Lex Lindgren, but Lindgren called the law brought about hot air because they do not what they promised.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Partly because Lindgren the peace prize of the German book trade was awarded, she wrote the speech "never violence". But they didn't like him executed, because they compared domestic violence with violence in this world, what the German public may be shocks. Lindgren found that if one would give the prize to a children's book publisher it is pointed out that they had to count the nursery would take as a starting point. If they could not keep the speech she didn't come. She held her speech anyway. This was in a large printings and became very influential. The following year, Sweden got a law against child abuse.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In a referendum in 1980 Lindgren took a clear stand against nuclear energy.

Statue in Stockholm<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In interviews she gave a casual and often humorous impression, but the Swedish literary Vivi Edström, who managed her estate, showed that she was a well-read author and intellectual. Many traces of other literature are to be found in her books.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Throughout her life she was heavily involved in the rights of the child. Margareta Strömstedt wrote in her biography that the Lindgren tormented that they are not so much at the first years of her son could be. This may be one of the reasons that they took no heed to the rights of the child, not least in her books. Lindgren's own answer to the question why they children's books wrote, was that they "wrote for the child in themselves".

<p lang="en" len="132" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Lindgren donated much of her wealth to business in which they believed, including to writers who were persecuted in their homeland. ==Death and funeral<span class="mw-editsection" len="346" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Astrid Lindgren died on 28 January 2002 in her apartment in Stockholm after a short illness due to a virus infection. If the fasting person that she was, had already agreed in 1988 with a female Reverend Lindgren that that the funeral would lead. The year before had written a rich Lindgren testament .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The funeral service in the Stockholm Cathedral or large Church was attended by 1,500 people, including King Carl XVI Gustaf, Queen Silvia and the then Prime Minister Göran Persson. The Stockholm Cathedral is the Church where usually the Swedish Royal family are weddings and coronations keeps.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Astrid Lindgren was buried on international women's day, 8 March 2002. On her wish she was in the grave of her parents buried in Vimmerby . On the tomb is a large stone that comes from the area where she grew up. ==To Astrid Lindgren named prices<span class="mw-editsection" len="360" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ==Named after Astrid Lindgren<span class="mw-editsection" len="352" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Astrid Lindgren's Barnsjukhus inSolna*Astrid Lindgrens Världin Vimmerby , theme park; ==Prices<span class="mw-editsection" len="330" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Lindgren has a large number of Swedish and international literary awards, and in 2000 she received an honorary doctorate at the University of Linköping.
 * The Astrid Lindgrenprijs was in 1967 set by the book publishing house Rabén & Sjögren with the aim to reward Swedish authors of children's books.
 * In 1969 in Germany likewise and Astrid Lindgrenprijs set.
 * The Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award was established in 2002 by the Swedish Government. The award goes to children's authors, artists or organizations which the rights of the child and reading promote the child in Astrid Lindgren's ideas.
 * Astrid Lindgrens skola, a school in Vimmerby;
 * Astrid Lindgrens gata, a street in Vimmerby, Norrtälje and Ystad;
 * Astrid Lindgrens Terass, Stockholm;
 * Astrid Lindgrens Barnsjukhus, Solna, a children's Hospital;
 * Astrid Lindgrens mountain, in the Hansta naturreservat (1989);
 * asteroid No. 3204;
 * The Swedish Astrid 1 reconnaissance satellites, but has (1995) and Astrid 2 (1998);
 * That Astrid-Lindgren-Schulen in Germany, also called AL-Schule, of which over 100 are;
 * Astrid Lindgren child care, day care centres in Utrecht, Nieuwegein and Culemborg;
 * Astrid Lindgren Näs, culture Centre in Vimmerby.

==Bibliography<span class="mw-editsection" len="335" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ==Secondary literature<span class="mw-editsection" len="344" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==
 * 1950 Nils Holgersson-placket
 * 1958 Hans Christian Andersen medal
 * 1963 included in the society the nine
 * 1970 Express sens Heffaklump
 * 1970 peace prize of the German book trade
 * 1971 great Gold Medal of the Swedish Academy
 * Litteris et Artibus 1975
 * 1987 Tolstoy medal
 * 1990 Frödingstipendium
 * 1994 Right Livelihood Award
 * Swede of the year 1997
 * Britt-Mari Britt Mari sitt hjärta (1944 debut novel)
 * Pippi Långstrump (1945)
 * Kerstin och jag (1945)
 * Pippi Långstrump går ombord (1946)
 * Mästerdetektiven Blomkvist (1946)
 * Alla vi barn i Bullerbyn (1947)
 * Pippi Långstrump i Söderhavet (1948)
 * Mera to oss barn i Bullerbyn (1949)
 * Nils Karlsson Pyssling (1949)
 * Kajsa Kavat (1950)
 * Kati in America (1950)
 * Pippi Longstockingseries (1952-...)
 * Blomkwist series (1953-...)
 * Kati in Italy (1954)
 * Mio, my Mio (1956)
 * Noisy village series (1957)
 * And Erik Karlsson of the roof (1959)
 * Rasmus and the tramp (1959)
 * Rasmus and the sword SAH (1960)
 * Together on the island Tarannom (1965)
 * Emil of the farm at Katthultseries (1967-...)
 * Karlsson of the roof (1968)
 * There is a robber in the forest-forest-forest (1970)
 * The children from the Uproar Street series (1971-...)
 * The red bird (1972)
 * Murugan of the Red House (1974)
 * The brothers Lionheart (1974)
 * Who can jump the highest (1975)
 * Murugan and Liesbet (1977)
 * The country that disappeared (1978)
 * Stefan and the sword SAH (1980)
 * Fairy Tales (1981)
 * Ronja the robber's daughter (1982)
 * If I were you still hadn't (1983)
 * Watch Becky, it's snowing! (1984)
 * Plays my linde sings my Nightingale (1985)
 * Winter stories (1987)
 * Astrid Lindgren tells (1988)
 * Assar Bubbla (1988)
 * All the stories of Astrid Lindgren (1992)
 * Margareta Strömstedt , Astrid Lindgren-and levnadsteckning, Rabén & Sjögren, Stockholm. ISBN 91-29-en50279-9, 1977
 * Astrid Lindgren Website
 * Paul Berf, Astrid Surmatz (Hrsg.): Astrid Lindgren. Zum Donnerdrummel! Ein Werk-Porträt. Zweitausendeins, Frankfurt 2000 ISBN 3-8077-0160-5
 * Vivi Edström: Astrid Lindgren. Im Land der Märchen und Abenteuer. Oetinger, Hamburg 1997 ISBN 3-7891-3402-3
 * Maren Gottschalk: Jenseits von Bullerbü. That Lebensgeschichte der Astrid Lindgren. Beltz & Gelberg, Weinheim 2006 ISBN 3-407-80970-0
 * Jörg Knobloch (Hrsg.): Praxis Lesen: Astrid Lindgren: A4-Arbeitsvorlagen class 2-6, AOL-Verlag, Lichtenau 2002 ISBN 3-89111-653-5
 * Sybil Gräfin Schönfeldt: Astrid Lindgren. 10. Aufl., Rowohlt, Reinbek 2000 ISBN 3-499-50371-9
 * Margareta Strömstedt: Astrid Lindgren. Ein Lebensbild. Oetinger, Hamburg 2001 ISBN 3-7891-4717-6
 * Astrid Surmatz: Pippi Långstrump as paradigm. Die deutsche Rezeption Astrid Lindgrens und ihr internationaler Kontext. Francke, Tübingen, Basel 2005 ISBN 3-7720-3097-1