History of the United States (1763-1789)

The history of the United States (1763-1789) covers the period in which the thirteen British colonies that the later United States of America began to loosen the motherland to the signing of theTreaty of Paris, which the British recognition of the independent US was all about.



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[hide] *1 leading up to the revolution  ==Leading up to the revolution[ Edit] == The period from 1763-1789 is crucial for the history of the United States. In this time the birth hour of this country. Around 1763, there were thirteen colonies along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean:
 * Revolution 2
 * 2.1 Declaration of Independence
 * 3 a nation is born
 * 4 external links

Among these settlers grew a strong American self-awareness. However, one saw the colonies from Europe as a colony, that fellow had to contribute to the payment of war debts. Right around taxation from the mother country England gave rise to the conflict that would eventually lead to the independence of the United States in 1776. The commitment to the fight with England was the question: can the mother country of their own accord impose taxes on the colonies? The settlers said ' no ', the motherland said "Yes". The conflict was born.
 * Connecticut
 * Delaware
 * Georgia
 * Maryland
 * Massachusetts
 * New Hampshire
 * New Jersey
 * New York
 * North Carolina
 * Pennsylvania
 * Rhode Island
 * South Carolina
 * Virginia

In the period 1763-1775 England tried to impose all kinds of tax measures to the colonies. The British Government suggested the following tax laws in:

The reaction to these measures was violently. John Dickinson fought in a pamphlet, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, the legality of these new taxes. The British export to the colonies received a blow: of 2.4 million pounds in 1768 to 1.6 in 1769. Especially New York and Boston was changing in other colonies imported less, responded. [1]  only the charges apply From 1770 on tea.
 * The sugar act (1764): the American colonists had to pay import duties on sugar, while smuggling strictly was punished. As a result, there were also searches and inkwartieringen.
 * The stamp act (1765): tax on each piece of paper (through a label).
 * The Townshendheffingen (1767): import duties on paper, lead, paint, and tea. The settlers fought the legality thereof. They were not represented in the English Parliament and therefore can not do without them burden. No taxation without representation, is a winged term at that time. In 1767 the English Minister Townshend came with new taxes, among other things on tea.

It came to a violent conflict and openly when people in Boston to address the English soldiers went. The soldiers shots on the people and the Boston massacre (Boston Massacre)) was a fact. The anti-English propaganda has this event been exploited. Also in other places (in 1772Rhode Island ) it came to bursts against the English. Quite famous is the affair known as The Boston Tea Party in 1773. The opposition to the motherland grew In 1773. Also, the thought of independence of the English Parliament already at your fingertips. 1774 James Wilson came in a famous pamphlet, Considerations on the Nature and Extent of the Legislative Authority of the British Parliament, to the conclusion that Parliament had to say nothing about the colonies. ==Revolution[ Edit] == Under pressure from the English measures came in 1774 in Philadelphia for the first time the Continental Congress met. The 13 colonies joined together to more closely. It also stated the English tax laws The Coercive Acts invalid. It was also called to boycott trade with England. The final eruption followed In april 1775 . The English Commander, Sir Thomas Gagein Boston, heard that settlers have been setting a Armory in Concord, 30 miles west of Boston. The Commander wanted to seize on these stocks and two settlers arrested: John Hancockand Samuel Adams . In the early morning of april 19, 1775 the British soldiers were on the way to Concord by warned settlers met in Lexington, after which gunfire broke out. In Lexington, the British knew the settlers still to beat, but a few hours later in Concord, they were hunted by the settlers gathered on the flight there with shots, which the poet Ralph Waldo Emerson later described as "shots that sounded throughout the world". With the skirmishes of the battles of Lexington and Concord began the war for independence. ===Declaration of Independence<span class="mw-editsection" len="382" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Declaration of Independence, painting by John Trumbull<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1775 the Continental Congress came together for the second time. The Congress appointed George Washington, a planter from Virginia, Commander-in-Chief of the American troops. It was decided to armed resistance against the English domination. In 1776 the Congress came together for the third time. Thomas Paine in a pamphletCommon Sense has made it clear that the English Parliament and the English kingship is a dangerous setting. America was the last refuge for true freedom, says Paine. Of his pamphlet, for 2 shilling for sale, 120,000 copies were distributed in three months, an unprecedented number of for that time. The Continental Congress carried to five people to draw up a declaration of independence. To the authors of this statement were Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. On July 4, 1776 the Declaration by the Continental Congress accepted; the United States of America were born. There are 13 States (colonies) joined together in opposition to the English domination.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The United States Declaration of independence is a crucial document in the history of the United States. The statement said that all men have the right to "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness". Women are immediately excluded from political participation: according to Jefferson, they are "too wise to get wrinkles in their foreheads of politics".Only granted women the right to vote, but New Jersey drew this in 1807 again. The slavery was not abolished.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" len="200" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]  however, the slaves, of whose activity was dependent on the u.s. economy, in the Constitution (in broad sense) included: when calculating the number of delegates that a State provides counted a slave as 3/5 of a free person. In adopting these precise ratio existed fight between the northern and Southern States; the latter had a relatively much larger slave population and to maximize their delegations were trying. In contrast, Indians were mostly considered to be a ' particular tricky nature element ', that stands in the way of expansion to the West and were thus held outside the Constitution.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" len="200" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [3]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Although progressive for its time, democratic in the modern sense of the word was not the new State: the right to vote and remained reserved to men with a taxable property that only a tiny minority in Maryland property (about 10%). Only Pennsylvania abolished this provision correctly.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Also the freedom of religion, which was formally introduced, was immediately limited: North Carolina State retained the right to any person who "treacherous or enticing" sermons to prosecute, legal holds. The separation of Church and State was introduced, at least in the North, and on paper. Some time after the revolution claimed the Northern States also taxes to support the Church.

<p lang="en" len="284" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Abraham Lincoln has later stated that this statement had to be the directive for any free society. ==A nation is born<span class="mw-editsection" len="375" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the Declaration of independence arises a series of armed conflicts with the English motherland. Initially it runs in it not so good for the settlers. However, In the autumn of 1777 general Gates achieves a clear victory on the English. Then also the opportunities for the settlers. France is, partly by influencing by Benjamin Franklin, the settlers support against England under the Treaty of Amity and Commerce. Spain is also In1780 the settlers support. As the third nation support the Dutch, the bankers of Europe, the settlers. John Adams, the first American envoy in Netherlands. Netherlands in those days was one of the few examples of a functioning Republic and Adams reported extensively about-especially the defaults of-the old Republic. Adams, first from Friesland got here in February 1782, later the rest of the Republic, as the first recognition of the then young Republic. In 1781, the battle over the independence ended. On 18 October 1781 the English must surrender to the American-French troops. England is now the war have grown tired. There will be peace talks. In 1783 the final peace in Versailles (Treaty of Paris) signed. A new nation was born. The 13 colonies from than the United States of America.