New York City

New York (officially The City of New York) is the largest city in the United States of America. Thanks to the leading and influential role in trade and finance, media, education, theatre, music, art, fashion and publicity applies it as one of the most important world cities. The city is also called New York City NYC or simply called to distinguish it from the State of New York, in which it is located. New York City is not the capital of that State, that's Albany.

The agglomeration of New York is one of the largest urban areas on Earth. The city is also the most densely populated major city in the United States[1] [2]  with more than 9.5 million inhabitants spread over an area of 789,43 km². [3]  [4]  New York City consists of five boroughs or districts: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island.

Many monuments and areas of the city are known throughout the world and are often a symbol for the us in General. For example, there are the statue of liberty, Wall Street, several skyscrapers like the Empire State building, to the Twin Towers in 2001 and now the new One World Trade Center, nearly completed. Because of the hustle and bustle and vibrancy the city has the nickname The City That Never Sleeps ("the city that never sleeps") acquired. Another popular nickname is the Big Apple, though it is less certain the exact origin of this nickname. [5]



Content
[hide] *1 History 
 * 1.1 colonial period
 * 1.2 18th and 19th century
 * 1.3 20th century
 * 1.4 21st century
 * 2 Geography
 * 2.1 Topography
 * 2.2 Districts and neighbourhoods
 * 2.3 Parks
 * 2.4 Climate
 * 2.5 Environment
 * 3 demographics
 * 3.1 Religion
 * 3.2 Population origin
 * 3.3 Crime
 * 4 Economy
 * Activity 4.1
 * 4.2 Media
 * 4.3 tourism
 * 5 politics and Government
 * 5.1 Executive Branch
 * 5.2 legislative branch
 * 5.3 judiciary
 * 5.4 official seal and flag
 * town-twinning 5.5
 * 6 Culture
 * 6.1 Architecture
 * 6.2 Museums
 * 6.3 music and cultural centers
 * 6.4 Theatre
 * 6.5 Sports
 * 6.6 food and drinks
 * Education 7
 * health care 8
 * traffic and transport 9
 * 9.1 public transport
 * 9.2 road traffic
 * 9.2.1 bridges and tunnels
 * 9.3 aviation
 * 9.4 shipping
 * 10 see also
 * 11 external links
 * 12 sources and footnotes

Colonial times
Lower Manhattan in 1660, when still part of Nieuw-AmsterdamThe lower reaches of the Hudson, where New York City now is, was at the time of the discovery by Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 inhabited by about 5,000 Lenape Indians. [6] Da Verrazzano, which enter in the service of the French Crown, called the area "Nouvelle Angoulême". [7]  however, Presumably he sailed far beyond the Strait and The Narrowsbridge named after him. Only with the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman in service of the Dutch VOC, the area was effectively mapped. Hudson discovered Manhattan on september 11, 1609 and enter the current that now bears his name, the Hudson, on up to the current Albany.

Hudson discovered pretty quickly that the fur trade to Europe meant a lucrative source of income. Hudson led months later several Dutch trading vessels to the area. Trade between the Netherlands and the native population flourished but still led not to permanent settlements. [8]

In 1624 a Walloon families first Protestant group founded a settlement on the island of Manhattan. They were followed by fellow countrymen and other families of German, Dutch and British descent. The area was originally called New-Netherlands both as new-Belgium. In may 1626 Peter Minuit was the German appointed first Governor of the colony.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Historical_facts_of_New_York_9-0" len="194" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [9]  the settlement was given the name Nieuw-Amsterdam.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1626 "bought" Minuit Manhattan from the Indians for trinkets worth 60 guilders, now some 700 euros or thousand dollars worth.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [10]  In the run-up to the Second Anglo-Dutch war in 1664 new Amsterdam was captured by the English, who named the settlement New York, to the Duke of York.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [11]  In 1673 the Netherlands again had in possession, but soon after the name in "New-orange" had changed, it became at the Treaty of Westminster in 1674 finally handed over to the British. Conversely, the British did to this Convention, that rather than factual, but especially formal changes included, finally away from Suriname. Under the British administration the importance of New York City grew as a trading post. In 1754 the Columbia University was founded under the direction of George II of Great Britain.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [12]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Around the city took place during the American Revolutionary War a number of major battles known as the New York campaign. After the battle of Fort Washington in Upper Manhattan in 1776 the city became a British military and political base to the end of the war in 1783.

18th and 19th century
Mulberry Street, on the Lower East Side in Manhattan, circa 1900<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Five years after the end of the war of independence, in 1788 New York the capital of the United States. In 1789 George Washington was in the Federal Hall named first president. In that building was also in the same year the first meeting of the US Congress and the Bill of Rights written.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [13]  In 1790 was New York City surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city of the United States. Philadelphia was in that year, however, the new capital.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On May 17, 1792, 24 shares traders under a Buttonwood tree on Wall Street the Buttonwood Agreement. The New York Stock Exchange was already a fact, this was the name until 1863 New York Stock & Exchange Board.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The city changed in the 19th century strongly by large-scale immigration and expansion of the infrastructure. Examples are the Commissioners ' Plan of 1811 to the streets in Manhattan to project according to a chessboard pattern and the opening of the Erie Canal in 1819, whereby the Atlantic port was connected to the agricultural markets of the North American Interior.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [14]  members of the old merchant aristocracy lobbied for the construction of Central Park, that in 1857 the first designed landscaped park in an American city was.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Dissatisfaction with the conscription during the American civil war (1861-1865) led to the Conscription riotsin 1863. The riots lasted just a few days, but there were at least a hundred civilians killed.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On the end of the 19th century were built the first above-ground metro lines ' elevated '. Along with the rail lines and tram networks the city could attract far outside of the city's commuters and grew quickly throughout the agglomeration around the city. In 1898 the contemporary New York City formed by the merger with Brooklyn (until then an independent city), the County's New York (where were included in parts of the Bronx),Richmond and the western part of the county of Queens.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [15]  the opening of the underground New York City subway six years later, in 1904, contributed to it a be of the new city.

20th century
The Borough of Manhattan in 1931.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the twenties of the twentieth century was New York City a major destination for African Americans during the great migration left the South of the country. Economic growth was accompanied by the development of the skyline by the construction of competing skyscrapers. New York City was in the early 1920s the most urbanized area in the world.Early years was the limit of 10 million inhabitants reached 30 with which New York the first megacity in human history was.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [16]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The return of Veterans of the Second World War and new immigrants from Europe created a postwar economic growth and stimulated the development of large areas in Eastern Queens. In 1960, New York hit by economic problems, rising crime and tensions between races which would reach a peak in the 1970s.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the 1980s, flourished the financial sector back on and took the city in this development. Against the 90 's were the racial tensions reduced, sank the crime strongly and large numbers of immigrants arrived from Asia and Latin America.

21st century
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On 11 september 2001, New York was hit by a double terrorist attack. It was a large part of the World Trade Center completely destroyed and attacked 2750 dead; of 24 missing persons are believed to have died as well.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [17]  on the site of the destroyed WORLD TRADE CENTRE will be known as 1 World Trade Center, a Memorial and three other office buildings to be built, which will be completed in 2013.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nypost-ap1_18-0" len="178" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [18]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the early 21st century is there for New York much progress in environment and education. Many companies establish themselves in New York, the population continues to grow and there will be more tourists, while the crime falls.

Geography
Satellite image of New YorkThe five boroughs:<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:inherit;font-size:11px;"><span len="2" style="border-style:none;color:rgb(44,63,149);">█ █  Manhattan

<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:inherit;font-size:11px;"><span len="2" style="border-style:none;color:rgb(249,216,49);">█ █  Brooklyn

<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:inherit;font-size:11px;"><span len="2" style="border-style:none;color:rgb(240,125,47);">█ █  Queens

<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:inherit;font-size:11px;"><span len="2" style="border-style:none;color:rgb(219,56,44);">█ █  The Bronx

<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:inherit;font-size:11px;"><span len="2" style="border-style:none;color:rgb(138,56,135);">█ █  Staten Island

Topography
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York City is located in the northeast of the United States and in the southeast of the State of New York, centrally between the cities of Washington, D.C. and Boston. The city is situated at the mouth of the Hudson River where this port is a sheltered natural before going into the Atlantic Ocean plays. These geographical advantages have helped greatly in its growth to world trade New York City. Most of the city is on the three islands of Manhattan, Staten Island and Long Island built. The scarcity of land in some areas a high to very high population density as a result.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Hudson flows through the Hudson Valley (Hudson Valley) in the Bay of New York. Between New York City and the city of Troy is the Hudson estuary.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [19]  Where the Hudson River the border between New York City and New Jersey is the East River, separates the boroughs of The Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. Harlem River, just like the East River, a tidal riverconnects the East-with the Hudson River, and forms the border between Manhattan and The Bronx.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The coastline of the city is by land reclamation in the course of history changed dramatically. As early as colonial times by the Dutch this is begun. Especially in Lower Manhattan has the land acquisition changes triggered, various projects such as the development of Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s of the 20th century, there are the result of.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gillespie-p71_20-0" len="181" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [20]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The total land area of the city amounts to approximately 789,43 km², while the entire surface is 1214,4 km².<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYC_Land_Estimate_3-1" len="183" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [3]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_Land_Estimate_4-1" len="183" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[4]  The highest natural point of New York City is Todt Hill onStaten Island with a height of 124.9 m above sea level. This small mountain ridge on the coast is largely covered with forests and is part of the Staten Island Greenbelt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [21]

Districts and neighbourhoods
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York is divided into five city districts or boroughs, equal to five counties of the State of New York. This structure is unique in the United States. What is striking is that if these boroughs/counties cities would be in itself, four of the five in the top-10 of the most densely populated US cities would stand.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The island of Manhattan is the center of the city New York. Manhattan is by bridges and tunnels connected to Brooklyn, Queens and the Bronx, and also with the State of New Jersey on the other side of the Hudson.
 * The Bronx (Bronx County, population:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-census_22-0" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[22] 1.373.659) is the northernmost borough of New York City, the location of the Yankee Stadium, home of the New York Yankees.Here is also the district co-op City, the largest housing project of a housing association in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [23]  On a very small piece of Manhattan (Marble Hill) after, The Bronx is the only part of the city that are on the American mainland is. The Bronx is known as the birthplace of rap and hip hop culture.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Toop-RapAttack2_24-0" len="183" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [24]
 * Brooklyn (Kings County, population: 2.528.050<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-census_22-1" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[22] ) is the borough with the largest population. It was an independent city until 1898. Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social and ethnic diversity, specific art scene, distinct neighborhoods with its own character and for its unique architectural heritage. It is the only borough outside of Manhattan who has a clear Centre. There is a long coastline with many beaches and the famous Coney Island, one of the first amusement parks in the region.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [25]
 * Manhattan (New York County, population: 1.620.867<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-census_22-2" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[22] ) is the borough with the highest population density and is world renowned by the skyscrapers and the largeCentral Park. Manhattan is the financial centre of the city and head offices of many multinational companies and international organisations, such as the United Nations.There are also major universities, cultural attractions such as museums, the Broadwaytheatre district, Greenwich Village, and Madison Square Garden (where the New York Knicks home games). Manhattan is divided into Lower, Midtown and Upper Manhattan. Upper Manhattan is divided into the Upper East Side and the Upper West Side, separated by Central Park. The northernmost portion is called Harlem.
 * Queens (Queens County, population: 2.270.338<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-census_22-3" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[22] ) is the largest borough and the most ethnically diverse county in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-queensdiverse_26-0" len="181" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [26]  it will probably overtakeBrooklyn in the future in terms of population. Of origin is Queens a collection of villages founded by the Dutch. Today, the borough inhabited mainly by middle classAmericans. It is the only large county in the us where the average income of a African American with about 52,000 dollars higher than that of a white American. In Queens are two major airports, LaGuardia Airportand John f. Kennedy International Airport (JFK).
 * Staten Island (Richmond County, population: 481.613<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-census_22-4" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[22] ) is the most suburban borough. Staten Island with Brooklyn is connected by the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge and to Manhattan by the free Staten Island Ferry, which also serves as a popular tourist attraction. The Staten Island Greenbelt, which is centrally located on Staten Island and 25 km² large, offers such a 56 km of hiking trails and one of the last undisturbed forests in the city. The f.d.r. Boardwalk, located along the South Beach 2.5 km, with the fourth-longest boardwalk in the world.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Each of these boroughs contains dozens or even hundreds of districts, often with its own identity. There are several on Manhattan boroughs, which are often really "villages in the city" are. Examples includeChinatown, Greenwich Village, Little Italy, SoHo (short for South or Houston Street) and TriBeCa (short for Triangle below Canal Street). View of the Midtown Manhattan skyline from the Empire State building===Parks===

Central Park in Manhattan is the most visited park in the United States<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TPL.org-CFCPE_27-0" len="181" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[27] <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York City has 11,000 acres of municipal parkland and 14 miles of public beaches.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [28]  this surface is so large by the thousands of hectares of the Gateway National Recreation Area, part of the National Park Service, which is located within the city limits. The Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, is the only nature reserve within the National Park system and covers with over 3,600 hectares of water and swampy Islands most of the Jamaica Bay.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Central Park in Manhattan, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, with 30 million visitors each year is the most visited park in the United States. The park stretches from 59th to 110th Street and has a total area of 341 hectares. It took 16 years to build the park. In 1873 it was completed; in 1965 it was officially listed as a historic monument in 1974 and a New York City Landmark. Prospect Park in Brooklyn is also designed by Olmsted and Vaux and covers an area of 36 hectares.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [29]  Flushing Meadows-Corona Park in Queens is the third largest park of the city and was the scene of the world fairs of 1939 and 1964. Bryant Park is a green oasis between the skyscrapers of Garment District in Midtown Manhattan.

Climate
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York City has according to the Köppen climate classification a maritime climate, because the temperature in the coldest months on average-1.5 ° c is on the John f. Kennedy International Airport and 0 ° c in Central Park. The city has an average of 234 sunny days a year.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The summers are usually hot and humid with average temperatures of 21-25 ° c.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Weatherbase_30-0" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [30]  winters are cold, but due to the location of the city on the Atlantic coast, temperatures are a bit less cold than in the Interior, with high temperatures just above the freezing point and low just below freezing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYC_climate_31-0" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [31]  spring and autumn are variable and could vary from cool to hot, although they are usually mild with low humidity.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Weatherbase_30-1" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [30]  come each year for Extremes. In the summer the temperature averages 16 to 19 days above 32 ° c; over longer periods of time from 4 to 6 years come every now and then even temperatures of 38 ° c for. There are also winter extremes: every year a few days the temperature can drop to-12 ° c or rise to 10-15 ° c.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [32]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The annual rainfall, which is fairly evenly spread throughout the year, is about 117 cm.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[33]  the average snowfall is around 63.5 cm, but differs considerably from year to year. The city is sometimes hit by very severe, crippling snowstorms (blizzards) everything. Thunderstorms, which may be sometimes violently, are a normal occurrence during the summer months. Although hurricanes are not directly associated with New York they come for. So induced in 1821 the Norfolk & Long Island-Hurricane flooding in the South of Manhattan. In 1938-the New England hurricane destroyed the eastern part of the city.

Environment
Comparison of energy use of six American cities during the period 2000-2005, measured by average annual per capita energy consumption in kWh<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York City is doing what environment good compared to many other cities. So is the use of public transportation in the city is the highest of the whole United States. As a result, fuel consumption equal to the national average in the twenties of the twentieth century.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYC_energy_consumption_35-0" len="190" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [35]  by the intensive use of public transportation saved New York City in 2006, 6.8 million gallons of oil.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [36]  Thus the city is an important contributor to energy saving through the use of public transport; It makes New York City into one of the most energy-efficient cities in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [37]  the emission of greenhouse gases in New York is 7.1 tonnes per inhabitant, which is less than a third of the national average of 24.5 tons.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYC_emissions_38-0" len="181" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [38]  New Yorkers are Collectively responsible for one percent of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the United States,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYC_emissions_38-1" len="181" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[38]  while New York City is home to 2.7% of the population. The average New Yorker consumes half as much electricity than a resident of San Francisco and just over one quarter of the amount of electricity consumed by a resident of Dallas.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [39]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York City also focuses on using less energy in City offices and public buildings.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [40]  the city is a leader with the building of energy-efficient green office buildings, such asHearst Tower.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-greenbuilding_41-0" len="181" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [41]  there is also a large vehicle fleet with energy-efficient public transport buses, with buses that run on natural gas (CNG) and also hybrid powered buses. In city driving in addition some of the first hybrid taxis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [42]  despite these measures have especially the inhabitants of the poorest districts by air pollution still there are above average suffer from asthma and other respiratory problems.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [43]

Demographics
Immigrants arrive at Ellis Island, in New York City. Photo from 1902<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York City is the city with the largest population in the United States, with 8.363.710 inhabitants on July 1, 2008 (from 7.3 million in 1990).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-census_22-5" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [22]  this number makes up about 40% of the total population of the State of New York and about the same percentage within the metropolitan area. During the last decade the number of inhabitants grew and New York by 2030 is expected to between 9.2 and 9.5 million inhabitants will have.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [46]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York's two key demographic features are the population density and the cultural diversity. The population density of the city is 10.194 inhabitants per km², which is the largest density of all municipalities in the United States with a population higher than 100,000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[47]  Manhattan's population density is 25.846 per square kilometer, which is the highest density of all regions in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [48]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-census2000_49-0" len="178" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[49]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York City has a high degree of income inequality: in 2005 in the wealthiest census area the median household income at $ 188.697, while in the poorest area amounted to $ 9.320.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [50]  This inequality has become bigger by persistent salary increases for the higher income class, while the wages of the middle-class and low incomes stagnated. In 2006 the average weekly wage in Manhattan was $ 1453, the highest salary among the largest and fastest-growing counties in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ManhattanLabor_51-0" len="182" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [51]  This borough has to do with a baby boom, unique for an American city.Since 2000, the number of children under five in Manhattan increased by 32%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [52]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">House property is in New York City with about 33% much lower than the national average of 69%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [53]  the percentage of vacant rental properties is usually between 3% and 4.5%. This is below the limit of 5% that is used to determine that there is a housing problem. It is used as a justification to be a part of the rental market to control and stabilize.About 33% of the rental prices are regulated by the Government. Finding accommodation, and certainly affordable housing in New York City, can be very difficult.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [54]

Religion
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York City is a multicultural city and also in the religious area the city is quite diverse. At the time of the Dutch rule, was only the Dutch Reformed Church (Dutch Reformed Church later) allowed. Niethervormde inhabitants, such as the Quakers were even persecuted by the Government because of their other religious views Peter Stuyvesant .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The city was also after British rule and the American independence long time Protestant. Only by the arrival of large groups of immigrants from Italy and Ireland, the Roman Catholic Church was not visible in everyday life. This caused much suspicion among Protestants. There were many riotsantipaapse. In addition, the Protestants found the new species American immigrants a threat to their freedom and independence, because they felt that the Catholics especially to the authority of the Pope would listen.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the second half of the 19th century large groups of Chinese migrated to the city. These ancestors of Chinese Americans built in the Chinatowns own religious buildings. Usually these were Chinese temples which are a mixture of the three main religions of China: Confucianism/ancestor worship, Taoismand Chinese Buddhism . It was only in the 20th century were several Buddhist temples, Taoist temples, and a Confucian temple.

Population Origin
Chinatown in Manhattan<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The demographics of New York City is particularly diverse. Throughout the history the city is always an important arrival point for new immigrants from many countries. The termmelting pot (melting pot) is used first to the composition of the densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side or. Nowadays is 36% of the population of New York born outside of the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYC_immigration_55-0" len="183" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [55]  By the American cities this number exceeded only by Los Angeles and Miami.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-census2000_49-1" len="178" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [49]  While the immigrant communities in those cities are dominated by a few nationalities, in New York no single country or region of origin that dominates. The ten largest countries of origin of contemporary immigration are the Dominican Republic, China, Jamaica, Guyana, Mexico, Ecuador, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia and Russia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-newestnewyorkers_56-0" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [56]  In the city are approximately 170 different languages are spoken.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-languages_in_NYC_57-0" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [57]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the New York metropolitan area lives the largest Jewish community outside Israel. 1.048.900 Jews living In New York City.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [58]  this is the largest Jewish community in the world, larger than those of Tel Aviv. About 13.5% of New Yorkers is Jewish. In addition also lives almost a quarter of the Indian Americans<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[59]  and the largest African Americancommunity of all cities in the United States in New York.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The five largest ethnic groups according to the Census of 2005 are: Puerto Ricans, Italians, West Indians, Dominicans and Chinese.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-acs_socio_05_60-0" len="180" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [60]  the Puerto Rican population in New York City is the largest outside Puerto Rico.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [61]  Italians emigrated to the city in large numbers in the early twentieth century. There are also many people of Irish descent: they are the sixth largest ethnic group. In New York City to find his three Chinese neighborhoods . The Chinese neighborhoods are divided again on the ancestral home of the Chinese Americans. By strong segregation are many neighborhoods dominated by a certain section of the population.

Crime
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Since 2005 the city has the lowest crime rate of the 25 largest u.s. cities, so that it has become significantly safer after the crime peaks in the 80 's and 90 's. In 2002, New York City had one of the lowest crime rate of all u.s. cities with a population greater than 100,000. Violent crime in New York City declined from 1993 to 2005, more than 75%, while the crime rate increased throughout the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [62]  the number of murders committed In 2005 was at its lowest level since 1963. In the year 2007 there were less than 500 murders committed, that was the first time since the crime rate began to publish in 1963.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Sociologists and criminologists do not agree on the causes of the decline in crime rates. Some say that's because of the new tactics of the New York City Police Department. Others search the cause in the decreased use of cocaine, or demographic changes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [63]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York City was for a long time associated with organised crime. That began with the Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards, two Irish street gangs that were active in the Five Points slum around 1820. In the 20th century came the mafia that was dominated by the Five Families. Gangssuch as the Black Spades excelled against the end of the 20th century.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [64]

Activity
Midtown Manhattan looking from theEmpire State building to the North.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York is a major Center for finance, insurance, real estate, media and art in the United States and beyond. Along with London and Tokyo is the city up to the financial centres of the world economy included.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [65]  The metropolitan area has the largest regional economy in the United States and is, after Tokyo, the largest city economy in the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-World.27s_Most_Economically_Powerful_Cities_66-0" len="211" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [66]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[67]  many large companies have a head office in New York City, including 44 Fortune 500companies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [68]  New York is also unique among American cities in relation to the large number of foreign companies: one in ten private sector jobs in the city comes from foreign companies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [69]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In New York City are some of the most valuable buildings of the country and the world. 450 Park Avenue was sold on July 2, 2007 for $ 510 million, about $ 17,100 per square meter. It was barely a month old broken record by an American company building at 660 Madison Avenue that in June 2007 $ yielded 15.890 per square meter.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-70" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [70]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Midtown Manhattan is the largest central business district in the United States and contains the largest concentration of the city's skyscrapers. Lower Manhattan is the third largest central business district in the United States. In this area you will find the New York Stock Exchange -to Wall Street and the NASDAQ, the world's largest stock exchanges measured by average daily trading volume and market capital.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [71]  financial services are graded for 35% in the employment of the city.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [72]  investment property is an important part of the economy of the city, as was the value of all property in 2006 in New York City $ 802.4 billion.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYC_real_estate_73-0" len="183" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [73]  The Time Warner Center is worth 1.1 billion the building with the highest market value in New York City.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYC_real_estate_73-1" len="183" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [73]

The New York Stock Exchange onWall Street.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The television and film industry is the largest in the country after Hollywood .<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [74]  creative industries as the new media, advertising, fashion, design and architecture are growing part of employment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [75]  High-high-tech industries such as life sciences, software development, game design, and internet services are also growing. These sectors took advantage of the location of the city at the end of several transatlantic fiber optic connections.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-76" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [76]  other important sectors include medical research and technology, non-profit institutions, and universities.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Production is an important but declining share of employment. Clothing, chemicals, furniture and metal-and food products are some of the main products.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [77]  The food processing industry is the most stable production sector of the city.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-food_manufacturing_78-0" len="186" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [78]  it is an industry worth $ 5 billion and employs more than 19,000 residents, including a large number of immigrants who barely speak English.

Media
In Rockefeller Center, the NBC Studios located<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In New York are located some of the most important newspapers, largest publishing houses, most successful television stations and biggest record companies in the world.Under the established media conglomerates are Time Warner, News Corporation, the Hearst Corporation , and Viacom. Seven of the eight largest advertising agency's worldwide have a head office in New York.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [79]  three of the big four record labels ( Sony,Universal, Warner and EMI) are located in the city. Publishing houses, includingRandom House, Simon & Schuster and Penguin Group offer joint work to about 25,000 people.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-80" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [80]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">More than 200 newspapers and 350 magazines have an Office in the city, including the two major newspapers The Wall Street Journal (circulation: 2.1 million) and The New York Times (circulation: 1.1 million). Large tabloids in the city include the New York Daily News (circulation: 795.000) and the New York Post (circulation: 650,000), founded byAlexander Hamiltonin 1801. The city also has a large ethnic press, with 270 newspapers and magazines in more than 40 languages.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-81" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [81]  El Diario La Prensa is New York's largest Spanish-language newspaper with a circulation of 265,000 per day. The New York Amsterdam News, published in Harlem, is a prominent African American newspaper.In addition, there are a number of newspapers that are focused only on the boroughs, such as the Brooklyn Daily Eagle and the Staten Island Advance.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The television and film industry is an important employer in the city and employs 100,000 people. The four major US channels ABC, CBS, FOX and NBC all have their headquarters in New York. Many cable channels are also based in the city, such as MTV, Fox News, HBO and Comedy Central. In 2005, more than 100 television shows recorded in New York City.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-82" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [82] The statue of liberty is a major tourist attraction===Tourism=== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Tourism is important for New York City, with about 46 million foreign and domestic tourists in 2007.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-83" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [83]  the most famous point of interest is probably the statue of liberty, a major tourist attraction and one of the most famous icons of the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-84" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [84]  in addition also places such as the Empire State building, Wall Street, Ellis Island, Broadwaytheatre productions, museums as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and other tourist attractions including Central Park, Washington Square Park, Brooklyn Bridge, Times Square, Rockefeller Center, United Nations Headquarters, the Bronx Park containing the Bronx Zoo and the New York Botanical Garden, shopping on Fifth Avenue and Madison Avenue, events such as the Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village, the Tribeca Film Festival, and free performances in Central Park during Summer internship as tourist attractions. After the september 11, 2001 attacks were also the remains of the World Trade Center, also known as Ground Zero, visited by many people.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-85" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [85]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">According to the tourism office in 2012, most tourists came from: Canada (1.063.000), the United Kingdom (1.033.000), Brazil (806.000), France (667.000), Germany (547.000), Australia (595.000), China (541.000), Middle East (478,000), Italy (449.000) and Mexico (387,000).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-86" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [86]

Politics and Government
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Board of New York is more centralized than that of most other American cities, of the Board. In New York City is the Central Administration responsible for the public education, prisons, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply and social security.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The $ 50 billion budget of the city is with the greatest of all cities in the United States. This budget is spent on education (31%), social services (20%), public security (13%) and pensions (10%). The city employs about 250,000 people.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-87" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [87]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Representatives of the Democratic Party hold most public functions in the city. Of the registered voters in the city is 66% Democrat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-88" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [88]  since 1924 has no Republican in New York to achieve a majority in the presidential election or know State election. The Manhattan Municipal building is home to many government agencies and is one of the largest public buildings in the world===Executive power=== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Executive Branch of New York City consists of the Mayor, the Public Advocate, the Comptroller and the five Presidents of the boroughs.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Mayor is responsible for all services of the city, police and Fire Department, execution of all laws in the city, public ownership and control over the most public institutions.The Mayor is directly elected for a term of four years and renewable once. Deputy Mayors are appointed by the Mayor, which assist in important matters, such as education, economy and health care. However, they have no right to the Mayor to follow when they are no longer capable of performing tasks.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Michael Bloomberg was from 1 January 2002 to 31 december 2013 as the successor to Mayor of New York Rudy Giuliani. Bloomberg was known as Democrat, but exchanged shortly before the elections of party and participated as a Republican, so as to be able to avoid busy primaries of the Democrats. Bloomberg won the election with about half the votes and was re-elected in 2005 with 59% of the vote.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-89" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [89]  since 2007, Bloomberg independent. Bloomberg, a former businessman, took over as Mayor include the State and carried out an aggressive education about health care policy, among other things by introducing a smoking ban in the hospitality industry. During his second term he made of school reform, the fight against poverty and strict arms control priorities of his policies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-90" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [90]  on 1 January 2014 Bloomberg was succeeded by Bill de Blasio.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Public Advocate is directly elected and is responsible for improving the relationship between citizen and Government. He investigates complaints about City institutions, mediates between city institutions and citizens, acts as ombudsman and advises the Mayor in the field of community relations.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Comptroller manages the finances and is also directly elected by the citizens. In addition to managing the pension fund of the city, the Comptroller advises the Mayor and City Council on any financial matters.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The residents of the boroughs choose a Borough President through direct elections. They advise the Mayor on borough-related things. New York City Hall is the seat of the City Government===Legislative power=== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The New York City Council (City Council) is the legislature. The Bills are adopted by majority and are then sent to the Mayor, they can confirm by his signature. If the Mayor pronounces his veto on the proposal, the Council has 30 days to get time to a two-thirds majority the proposal yet to enter into force. The City Council is a eenkamerig organ and consists of 51 Council members. They are elected by districts, each of which approximately 157,000 people counting. Councillors are generally chosen for four years, except in years when there is a census takes place in the years that are divisible by twenty. Then the districts again defined and there are two successive terms of two years. The building of the New York County Supreme Court===Judiciary=== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The judiciary in New York consists of civil, criminal and family courts. These courts are present in all boroughs and have a jurisdiction for the whole city. The Civil Court handles all civil cases with claims up to $ 25,000. The criminal Court treats small criminal cases. Thefamily court deals with cases that concern children and families. Serious crimes and major civil cases are submitted by the New York State Supreme Court treated. Different than the rest of the State of New York, New York City has no typical County Courts (regional courts). Instead, the courts have jurisdiction in the five regions that correspond to the five boroughs.

Official seal and flag
Seal of New York City<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The seal of the city of New York dating back to 1686 SIGILLVM CIVITATIS NOVI EBORACIcontains the inscription, which simply means "the seal of the city of New York". Eboracumwas the Roman name of the modern city of York, the titular seat of James II as Duke of York. The two figures for the equality between the native Americans and the settlers.The four windmill recall the Dutch history of the city as New Amsterdam. The Beavers and flour bags refer to the earliest trade goods of the city. After the American Revolution is above the seal the American Eagle added. The vintage "1625", is listed at the bottom of the seal, that is the year in which the city was founded.

Flag of New York City<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The flag of New York City was adopted in 1915. The flag has blue, white and orange courses; These colors refer to the Dutch flag that had flown above the city during the Dutch time. In the middle of the flag is in blue to see the official seal.

Town Twinning
<p lang="en" len="442" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York City has official twinning with the following cities:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-91" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[91]


 * Budapest - Hungary
 * Cairo - Egypt
 * Jerusalem - Israel
 * Johannesburg - South Africa
 * London - United Kingdom
 * Madrid - Spain
 * Beijing - China
 * Rome - Italy
 * Santo Domingo - Dominican Republic
 * Tokyo - Japan

Architecture
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The buildings that are most commonly associated with New York City, the skyscrapers. The buildings of New York changed all in the 19th century by traditional European low-rise to high-rise in the business districts.In August 2008, there were 5.538 high buildings in New York City, of which 50 skyscrapers higher than 200 meters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-92" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [92]  this is more than any other city in the United States and second in the world after Hong Kong.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Highrises_93-0" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[93]  It surrounded by water, the population density and high real estate prices in the business districts accounted for the largest collection of free-standing Office and residential towers in the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-94" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [94]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In New York are buildings in wide range of architectural styles. One of the most notable is 1913 Woolworth building, a neo-Gothic skyscraper with style elements that are easily seen from the street.

Brownstone-terraced houses in Harlem from the 19th century<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the construction of the Equitable building in 1916 Zoning Resolution was adopted. This cascade of new buildings demanded that they constructed and suggested values to the height of towers to prevent them would take away too much sunlight.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-95" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [95]  The Art deco design of the Chrysler building in 1930 with its tapered top and steel Spire is a reflection of these new requirements. It is seen by many experts as the most beautiful building of New York. A good example of the international style in the United States is theSeagram Building (1957).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The elegant brownstone-terraced houses and apartments are characteristic of the large residential areas that were built during the rapid growth of the city between 1870 and 1930.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-96" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [96]  stone and brick were first choice building materials after the building of wooden houses curtailed after the great fire of 1835.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lankevich-p82_97-0" len="181" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [97]  other than in Paris, where for centuries almost exclusively was built with stone from nearby limestone quarries, building materials for New York came from different quarries which used stones vary in structure and colour.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-98" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [98]  typical of many of the buildings in the city is the presence of wooden water towers on the rooftops. The Board decreed the installation of water towers for buildings higher than six stories because the high water pressure that otherwise was needed too often the pipes would burst.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-99" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [99]  The garden cities in the outdoor areas such as Jackson Heights in Queens were popular during the 1920s. They were easily accessible after the extension of the urban rapid transit system.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-100" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [100]

Museums
The Guggenheim Museum<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In New York City is also filled with small and large museums and galleries. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Met), founded in 1870, is one of the largest and most important art museums in the world. It is located east of Central Park. The permanent collection contains more than 2 million works of art including many paintings and sculptures from all over the world. There are treasures from Antiquity and the work of practically every European master as well as an extensive collection of American art. A separate establishment called "The Cloisters" stands in Upper Manhattan and includes medieval art.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in Manhattan is one of the leading museums of modern and contemporary art in the world. The collection consists of painting and sculpture of the 20th century, movies and photos and an extensive collection of books. In Manhattan is also the Museum of Arts and Design established. The Brooklyn Museum is afterThe with the largest museum of New York City and contains 1.5 million works of art. Shown Egyptian art, contemporary art and art of different cultures. The American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), founded in 1869, is a museum of natural history. The museum displays among other mounted mammals from around the world and remains of dinosaurs and early ancestors of humans. In New York is also where the Guggenheim Museum to see especially painting of the 20th century and that thanks to the special architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright one of the most important museums of modern art in the world. Starting from the 82nd to 104th Street runs the Museum Mile to which nine museums are located.

Music and cultural centers
The Lincoln Center, a large complex of cultural institutions<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York is a center of the American music industry since the first record recordings in the early 20th century. A number of companies and organizations of this industry have their head office in New York. In addition are also several editorial boards of leading music magazines based in New York, such as those of rock magazine Rolling Stone.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gotham_101-0" len="176" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [101]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Carnegie Hall is one of the most important concert halls in the world, she is primarily used for classical music, the Hall is celebrated for its good acoustics. In 1890 the building was built by the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. It fell into disrepair but was renovated between 1983 and 1995. Radio City Music Hall is a large concert and theatre Hall located in Rockefeller Center. It is a rare example of art deco style and a major architectural attraction.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RadioMusicHall_102-0" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [102]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Lincoln Center is a 61,000 m² cultural center that can accommodate several institutions, such as the Metropolitan Opera, New York Philharmonic, New York City Ballet, theVivian Beaumont Theater and Juilliard School.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lincoln_103-0" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [103]

Theatre
Theaters to 45th Street<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The advent of electric lighting led to extensive new theater productions. In the eighties of the nineteenth century developed in the theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street a new kind of performance that became known as the Broadway musical. These productions reflect the feelings of the many new immigrants. It was played experiences, supported by singing and dancing. Hope and ambition In the songs were common themes.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Nowadays the 39 largest theatres in New York collectively known under the name "Broadway", named after the large street that runs right through the theater district.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-104" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [104]  these theatres are mainly located near Times Square in Manhattan. Many Broadway shows are world famous as the musical Cats and The Phantom of The Opera. The theatre district is a popular attraction for tourists. In the season 2007-2008 12.3 million tickets were sold for Broadway theatres that 937 million dollar yielded.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-annual_105-0" len="176" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [105]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-livebroadway_106-0" len="182" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[106]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Smaller theatres, with between 100 and 500 chairs, off-Broadway and if they are less than 100 chairs have called off-off-Broadway .<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-League_107-0" len="176" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [107]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-108" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[108]

Sports
The new Yankee Stadium, home of the New York Yankees, that has been used in 2009<p lang="en" len="92" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York City has teams in the four major North American professional sports leagues.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York is one of the few places in the United States where baseball is more popular than American football.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-109" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [109]  there are fourteen World Series tournaments (a tournament between the champions of the two baseball leagues, the American League and the National League) between baseball teams from New York City. The two current New York baseball teams from Major League Baseball in the umbrella are the New York Yankees and the New York Mets. The Yankees have won 27 World Series titles, which the Yankees the most successful baseball team ever in the Major League Baseball, and the Mets two. The Yankees played until 2008 their home games at old Yankee Stadium. In april 2009, the New Yankee Stadium opened in the Bronx. The Mets play the home games at Shea Stadium in Queens. The city also was once home to the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants) and the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the Los Angeles Dodgers). Both teams went to California in 1958.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">With American football is the city in the National Football League by the New York Jets and New York Giants (officially the New York Football Giants). Both teams play their home games at Giants Stadium that on the other side of the Hudson in New Jersey is.

The US Tennis Open in Queens is one of the four Grand Slams<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The New York Rangers ice hockey team represents the city in the National Hockey League. In the metropolitan area are two other teams, the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders who play on Long Island . With New York football is represented by Red Bull New York in Major League Soccer. Also the "Red Bulls" play their home games at Giants Stadium in New Jersey.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the National Basketball Association will play the New York Knicks basketball club and in the women's National Basketball Association plays the team New York Liberty, that the female counterpart is the Knicks. In the metropolitan area is also still the NBA team New Jersey Nets.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In New York City are many other sports events. In Queens, in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, is held the U.s. Open, one of the four major grand slam tournaments. The New York City Marathon is the world's largest with most runners who get the finishing line. Because of its popularity, there is a limit of 37,000 participants.

Food and drinks
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The food culture of New York is heavily influenced by the immigrants who have come to the city in large numbers. They introduced numerous dishes. Eastern Europeans and Italians made the town famous for its bagels, cheesecake and pizza. In New York are many different dining options, from breakfast bars and cafés to bistros and restaurants, American or foreign, from cheap to very chic. The number of foreign dining options is also very diverse, so there are Italian, French, Spanish, German, English, Russian, Greek, Moroccan, Chinese, Indian andJapanese restaurants. A number of restaurants in the Michelin Guide of North America (2005) awarded three stars. Massively present also the various chains of fast food restaurants such as McDonald's, Burger King, Pizza Hut and Kentucky Fried Chicken. Furthermore, the coffee chain Starbucks a known part of the street scene.

Education
The main building of the New York Public Library<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">About 1.1 million New York City students get lesson in more than 1,200 public primary and secondary schools.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-110" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [110]  in addition, there are about 900 private schools on secular or religious basis, some of which is one of the most prestigious in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-111" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [111]  Although there are about 594,000 students in New York City, the most of all the cities in the us, the city is not often called a student city.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-112" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [112]  higher education is offered by the City University of New York, which is the third largest public University of the country.There is also a number of private institutions such as the Columbia University and New York University.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The New York Public Library has the largest collection of books of all libraries in the country. Founded in 1895, the library has 87 locations spread across Manhattan, the Bronx and Staten Island.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-libraryspot_113-0" len="181" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [113]  Queens and Brooklyn are served by own public libraries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-libraryspot_113-1" len="181" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [113]  When these three are considered as one library, then it consists of 208 locations with more than 30 million books. Under the New York Public Library includes a number of research libraries, such as the Arthur Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture.

Health Care
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For the first time since the Second World War, life expectancy for New Yorkers (78.6 years) longer than those for the average American (77.8 years). Since 2001 this figure every year grew faster than the national average. The death rate for black New Yorkers lay in 2005 23% higher than that for white New Yorkers, in 1990 this was still 40% of the regular rates. The cause of the increase in average life expectancy of the New Yorker is especially strongly declining number of deaths among young people. The number of murder victims, by often young men, decreased from 2,272 in 1990 to 579 in 2005. Another important factor is the decline in the number of deaths from aids. In 1994 still went 7,100 people death by aids. In 2005 this number through improved care and treatment dropped to 1,419 deaths. Also the halved baby mortality, 13.3 deaths per 1,000 in 1989 against 6.1 per 1,000 in 2004, contributes to the higher life expectancy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-114" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [114]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Heart disease and cancer were the leading causes of death in 2005, this was followed by diabetes. In the last decade the number of deaths from diabetes, increased by almost 20%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-115" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [115]  Higher excise duty on cigarettes and a ban on smoking in public areas and on the advertising of tobacco products has led to a decline between 2002 and 2007, 20% of the number of smokers in the city. This decline is the largest since 1965.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-116" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [116]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In New York there are many private and public hospitals. The NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, based in Manhattan, is seen as the best hospital of the city and is sixth on the list of the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-117" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [117]  The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center is a treatment and Research Centre for cancer that was founded in 1884 in Manhattan. This hospital was seen in 2007 as the second best treatment center for cancer in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-118" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [118]  The Bellevue Hospital Center was founded in 1736 and is the oldest public hospital in the United States. It is based in Manhattan and also has a renowned psychiatric clinic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-119" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [119]

Traffic and transport
In New York City are the two busiest stations of the USA one is the Grand Central Terminal, seen here.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Public transport is by far the main form of transportation for New Yorkers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2001summary_120-0" len="181" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [120]  approximately one in three users of public transport and even two-thirds of all train passengers in the United States live in New York or its suburbs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MTAinfo_121-0" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [121]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-122" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[122]  this is in contrast to the rest of the country, where about 90% of the employees with their car going to work. In New York City is the average travel time for commuting with 39 minutes the fastest of all major US cities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-123" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [123]  of the people who work in the city used 32% the drive by car, subway, 25% 14% take the bus, 8%, 8% travel by train runs to work, 6% carpoolt, 1% uses a taxi, 0.4% 0.4% with the bike and take the ferry.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-124" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [124]

Public transport
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The regional public transport is provided by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. In addition, New York served by Amtrak, the national railroad company for passenger transport in the United States that uses the Pennsylvania Station. Amtrak offers connections to destinations including Boston, Philadelphia and Washington D.C.. The rail network connects the suburbs in the region with the city through 20 different railway connections and 250 stations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MTAinfo_121-1" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [121]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-125" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[125]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-126" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[126]  the regional rail links come together on Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">New York City's bus network and rail network are the largest of North America.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MTAinfo_121-2" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [121]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The New York City subway is the largest underground network in the world in terms of the number of operational stations, namely 468. It is the third largest when looking at the number of users (1.5 billion passenger journeys in 2006).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MTAinfo_121-3" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [121]  because of the importance of the underground network for many New Yorkers, this is operational 24 hours a day. This is in contrast to the nightly closure of many other metro systems. There are differences on some lines at night or heavy with the frequency of daytime. Many metro lines in the city are viersporig leaving on that pathways can run as both stop express services.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Since 1817 the Staten Island Ferry between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan over a distance of 8.4 kilometers. This ferry service speed free 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and transports 19 million passengers annually. The ferry is also popular among tourists because it allows them the skyline of Lower Manhattan and the statue of liberty is clearly visible.

Road Traffic
Taxis at the Murray Hill Tunnel<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Commissioners ' Plan of 1811 Manhattan has the characteristic chessboard pattern that the physical development of the city is determined to a large extent. There are twelve avenues that run parallel to the Hudson and 220 numbered streets (Streets) that line right on the River are. Some road and street names like Broadway, Wall Street andMadison Avenue, are used as synonym for the sectors found there; These are, respectively, the theatres, the financial institutions and the advertising settings.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In New York City drive 13,000 taxis,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-127" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[127]  in New York also called Yellow Cab called. By the famous yellow color are the icons of the city.

Bridges and tunnels
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">By the presence of a number of rivers like the Hudson and the East River bridges and the city is depending on tunnels. The Brooklyn Bridge on the East River, completed in1883, is one of the most recognizable architectural buildings of the city. This bridge is 1,825 feet long and the largest span is 486 metres. This was the longest span in the world until 1903 . The Williamsburg Bridge and Manhattan Bridge are two other bridges over the East River. Between Queens and Manhattan is the Queensboro Bridge. The boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn are connected by the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. The George Washington Bridge is considered to be one of the busiest bridges in the world and connects the District of Washington Heights in Manhattan with Fort Lee in New Jersey.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-128" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [128]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition to bridges has New York a number of tunnels. The Lincoln Tunnel is under the Hudson River and processed 120,000 vehicles daily, making it one of the busiest tunnels in the world. The Holland Tunnel, also under the Hudson, was the first mechanically ventilated tunnel. Two other tunnels that are connected with Manhattan are the Queens Midtown Tunnel and the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel.

Aviation
John f. Kennedy International Airportis the most famous New York airport<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The city has three major airports: John f. Kennedy International, also known as JFK, Newark Liberty International and LaGuardia. These three airports together processed 100 million passengers in 2005.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-129" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [129]  JFK and Newark are connected to the regional rail network. Both airports also handle most international flights and long domestic flights.LaGuardia processed especially short domestic flights.

Shipping
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The port of New York has the advantage of a sheltered deep water location with an open channel to the Atlantic Ocean. It is historically one of the most important ports in the United States. Currently it is the third busiest port in North America. Each year, more than 25 million tons of goods and bulk skipped, including 4.5 million containers.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The port is also an important Center for passenger ships. More than half a million people depart annually from the New York Passenger Ship Terminal on the Hudson.