Ayn Rand

Ayn Rand (Alissa Zinovievna Rosenbaum "Alice") (Saint Petersburg, 1905 – February 2, New York, 6 March 1982) was an American novelwriter and philosopher.She is the founder of the philosophical flow of Objectivism. Although she was born in Russia and came to the u.s. in 1926, she again revive the theories of Aristotle , but closed her own theories in (such as her admiration for capitalism). She has the most fame with her novels The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged. The latter book is her ' magnum opus ' and was in an investigation of Time Magazine by American readers, after the Bible, described as the most important book of the twentieth century.



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[hide] *1 early life  ==Life Course[ Edit] == ===Background[ Edit] === Ayn Rand was called actually Alissa Zinovievna Rosenbaum (Russian: Зиновьевна Розенбаум, who was born). Her father and mother were Rosenbaum and Anna Borisovna Rosenbaum Zinovy Zakharovich. She was the eldest daughter and had two sisters, Natasha (1907) and Eleanor (1910, call sign ' Nora '). Her parents and sister Natasha have not survived the second world war. Her sister Nora has only met again in 1973. Until then, they lived also in the assumption that Ayn Rand was dead.Nora died in 1999 in Russia. Her parents had a Jewish background but were agnostic. Alissa was atheist at an early age. ===Early life and education[ Edit] === Alissa at an early age developed a huge interest in books and films and started writing early. Her childhood heroes were the writers Walter Scott, Alexandre Dumas,Victor Hugo and other writers of the romantic period. Because of the Russian revolution of 1917, the family fled to the Crimea, but when Rosenbaum that peninsula in 1921 also fell in the hands of the Bolsheviks, they keep back to St. Petersburg, where Edge went to study philosophy and history in college. Here they came into contact with the works of Edmond Rostand, a writer from the French romance, and Friedrich Schiller, which she loved because of its Grand heroic style. They also admiredFriedrich Nietzsche for its glorification of the heroic and the independent individual, but she loathed the altruism in "thus spoke Zarathustra". She completed her education In 1924 and began a study stage writing. ===Emigration[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">When they got a visa to visit her family in the United States she saw her chance. Upon arrival in New York, she was almost immediately in love with the skyline of the "Big Apple". Later she would be there among other things in her books still come back to it often: "I would give the greatest sunset in the world for one sight of New York's skyline. Particularly when one can't see the details. Just the shapes. The shapes and the thought that made them. The sky over New York and the will of man made visible. What other religion do we need? I feel that if a war came to threaten this, I would throw myself into space, over the city, and protect these buildings with my body. " (The most beautiful sunset Exchange I like for once the sight of the New York skyline. Especially if you do not see the details. Only the forms. The shapes and the thought that acquire it. The New York skyline and the power of man made visible. What religion do you need? Like that by a war danger would run, I would myself think I in space objects, above this city, and protect these buildings with my body.). ===The Hollywood years<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After a few months to have stayed with relatives in Chicago she moved towards Hollywood to screenwriter to be. During this period, she took the name Ayn Rand to, based on the way her last name Rosenbaum in the Cyrillic alphabet was written on her diploma. The theory that her name from the Remington Rand typewriter can't be right, because they are the name used before this device on the market.
 * 1.1 Background
 * 1.2 early life and education
 * 1.3 Emigration
 * 1.4 the Hollywood years
 * 1.5 first successes
 * 1.6 Her successful books
 * 1.7 The Objectivism
 * 1.8 political influence
 * her last years 1.9
 * 2 Trivia
 * 3 Bibliography
 * 3.1 Fiction
 * 3.2 Non-Fiction
 * 4 external links
 * 5 footnotes

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Hollywood she met Cecil b. DeMille in 1927 and got a tiny part in King of Kings. In addition, they also got jobs, for example, the costume Department of a movie studio. On the set of King of Kings she learned the young actor Frank O'Connor common, whom she married. ===First successes<span class="mw-editsection" len="331" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Her success as a writer started slowly. She sold her first script, Red Pawn, in 1932 to Universal, but it's never made into a film. In 1934 she came with the play The Night of January 16th that Broadway was made into a film in 1941 and took out. The script would Later You Came Along, the Massies book based on Chris Love Letters and some of her own books be made into a film. In 2004, the television series Ideal released based on her book The Fountainhead. ===Her successful books<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1936 came the somewhat autobiographical edge with We The Living and two years later with Anthem. We The Living was because of the fierce anti-Communist show received with mixed feelings in the us. The years of the great depression (also called ' The Red Decade ' called) were at the publication of the book on their low point and there lived a great sympathy for socialism among the American population. ForAnthem, a book in which is described a futuristic society where socialism triumphs, she could find no publisher in the US and it was issued in the United Kingdom. Her big success came with the bestselling The Fountainhead (in Dutch translated under the title The eternal source) in 1943. The book was already rejected by twelve publishers. They thought it was too intellectual and not join the mainstream. Number thirteen (Bobbs-Merrill Company Publishing House) However, swallowed. The book would be a worldwide success and some 6 million units sell. In 1949, the book made into a film starring Gary Cooper. In 1957 publishedAtlas Shrugged (in Dutch translated as World shock and Atlas on strike) that hit like a bomb and intellectual America put on its head. Atlas Shrugged is in 2012 re-issued by Luitingh Sijthoff as ' the power of Atlantis '. ===The Objectivism<span class="mw-editsection" len="331" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Apart from a novelist she is also founder of Objectivism. Together with the young Psychology student Nathan Blumenthal (later Nathaniel Branden), his wife Barbara, Barbara's cousin Leonard Peikoff, and others, she founded the Objectivistische movement (jokingly referred to as "The Collective") This small circle of confidants on. they collected around him grew to a think tank, and was later the ways of a cult. In 1954 it was RAND's close relationship with the younger Nathaniel Burn a romantic affair, with the permission of their husbands. The Collective went at the bottom of quarrel and jealousy: none of the members had the adulterous relationships within the group can process rationally. In 1968 came there is a break in the cooperation between the couple burn and edge. The cause has been extended to read and see in the book and film Ayn Rand: A sense of Life. ===Political influence<span class="mw-editsection" len="332" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Her theory the virtue of selfishness (The virtue of selfishness) is very influential in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  include Alan Greenspan, former Chairman of the Federal Reserve System (The Fed), belonged to The Collective. Alan Greenspan was an adherent of the essence of her thought.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]  Also the Republican vice-presidential running-mate Paul Ryan is calculated to her followers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [3]  Paul Ryan did well away from Rands ideas when he could be the running mate of Mitt Romney in the United States presidential election of 2012 because he could not accept her as a Catholic atheism.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bye_bye.2C_solidariteit_4-0" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [4]  It is one of the most important sources of inspiration of the libertarianism called <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[5] . ===Her last years<span class="mw-editsection" len="334" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Grave of Frank O'Connor and Ayn Rand.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After her breakup with the Objectivistische Movement fell apart and burn DVDs many of her friends went their separate ways. Only Leonard Peikoff stayed with her friend until her death in 1982. She worked during the 1970s to a script for a tv series of Atlas Shrugged and a new novel "To Lorne Dieterling", but has never been able to complete both projects. First because of the death of her husband Frank in 1979 and eventually by her own death in 1982.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At the end of her life, she was faced with the disadvantages of her views. Although her books continued to sell, had to Edge in the 1970 integration allowance and sickness benefits, a kind of accept two types of support against which they had gefulmineerd all her life. A number of members of The Collective came to her funeral, including Alan Greenspan. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bye_bye.2C_solidariteit_4-1" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[4] ==Trivia<span class="mw-editsection" len="322" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">According to some, the main characters modeled Edge from her main novels to iconographic historical figures. For the architect Howard Roarke from The Fountainhead would have been Frank Lloyd Wright model. For the super entrepreneur and libertarian Messiah from John Galt Atlas Shrugged would that Nikola Tesla have been. ==Bibliography<span class="mw-editsection" len="328" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Fiction<span class="mw-editsection" len="322" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Non-Fiction<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===
 * Night of January 16th (1934)
 * We The Living (1936)
 * Anthem (1938)
 * The Fountainhead (1943) (en: The eternal source)
 * Atlas Shrugged (1957) (en: first translation: earthquake; 2nd: Atlas in staking; 3rd: the power of Atlantis)
 * For the New Intellectual (1961)
 * The Virtue of Selfishness (with Nathaniel Branden) (1964)
 * Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal (with Nathaniel Branden, Alan Greenspan, and Robert Hessen) (1966)
 * Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology (1967)
 * The Romantic Manifesto (1969)
 * The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution (1971)
 * Philosophy: Who Needs It (1982)