Outland (film)

Outland is a 1981 British science fiction thriller film written and directed by Peter Hyams. The film stars Sean Connery, Peter Boyle, and Frances Sternhagen.

Set on Jupiter's moon Io, it has been described as a space Western,[3] and bears thematic resemblances to the 1952 film High Noon.[4][5]

Contents
[hide]
 * 1 Plot
 * 2 Cast
 * 3 Production
 * 3.1 Soundtrack
 * 4 Reception
 * 5 Home media
 * 5.1 DVD release
 * 5.2 Blu-ray release
 * 5.3 Other formats
 * 6 North American airings
 * 6.1 Pay television
 * 6.2 Network television
 * 7 Adaptations
 * 8 Remake
 * 9 References
 * 10 External links

Plot[edit]
In the future, Federal Marshal William O'Niel (Sean Connery) is assigned to a tour of duty at the titanium ore mining outpost 'Con-Am 27' operated by the company Conglomerates Amalgamated, on the Jovian moon of Io. Conditions on Io are difficult: gravity is 1/6 that of Earth's with no breathable atmosphere, spacesuits are cumbersome, and miners carry their own air supply. Shifts are long, but significant bonuses are paid. Con-Amalgamated mining franchise general manager Mark Sheppard (Peter Boyle) boasts that since he took over the running of Io, productivity has broken all previous records.

Carol O'Niel (Kika Markham) feels she cannot raise their son Paul to live inside a sterile environment far from Earth and with little to do. She takes Paul and flees to the space station serving Io, awaiting a shuttle back to Earth.

A miner named Tarlow (John Ratzenberger) suffers an attack of stimulant psychosis: he sees spiders and rips open his spacesuit, resulting in his death by explosive decompression. Cane, another miner, enters an elevator without his spacesuit during an apparent psychotic episode, and likewise dies from decompression.

With the reluctant assistance of Dr. Lazarus (Frances Sternhagen), O'Niel investigates the deaths. Another incident involves a worker, Sagan, who takes a prostitute hostage and threatens to kill her with a knife. O'Niel attempts to calm the man while Montone (James B. Sikking), O'Niel's sergeant, sneaks in via the air duct. Montone kills Sagan with a shotgun.

O'Niel and Lazarus discover that Sagan had traces of a highly powerful amphetamine-type drug in his bloodstream, which would allow the miners to work continuously for days at a time, until they "burn out" and turn psychotic after approximately 10 months of use. O'Niel uncovers a drug distribution ring run by a corrupt Sheppard and sanctioned by Montone.

Using surveillance cameras, O'Niel finds and captures one of Sheppard's dealers, Nicholas Spota; but before Spota can be questioned, he is killed. Montone is then found garroted. O'Niel finds the latest shipment of drugs in a meat locker that was shipped from the Jupiter space station, but then he's attacked by one of the other dealers, Russell Yario. O'Niel knocks him out, then destroys the highly valuable shipment of drugs. When Sheppard finds out, he threatens O'Niel and then contacts his drug distributor, asking him to send in professional hitmen. O'Niel is ready, though, having been monitoring Sheppard's communications.

O'Niel waits as a digital clock counts down the time for the arrival of a supply shuttle from the other side of Jupiter. Knowing the assassins are on their way, and with only Dr. Lazarus willing to help him, as his "last act" O'Niel sends a message to his wife Carol (Markham) and his son Paul, promising to return to Earth when his "job is done."

When the hitmen arrive, O'Niel tracks and ambushes each, killing them one by one. Lazarus helps him kill the first by trapping him in a pressurized corridor. O'Niel (outside in a spacesuit) activates a bomb, causing an explosive decompression that kills the hitman. The second assassin is killed in the greenhouse structure when O'Niel drops a hatch cover down the outside of the greenhouse. Thinking it is O'Niel, the hitman shoots the window, causing it to crack and then burst, which blows him out to his death, disintegrating his body.

O'Niel is then confronted by Sheppard's "inside man," who turns out to be one of his own deputies, Sgt. Ballard. The two fight outside the station at the satellite power panel structure until O'Niel pulls Ballard's oxygen hose, suffocating him. O'Niel then confronts the surprised Sheppard in the base recreation bar, knocking him out with one punch. It is implied that Sheppard will now either be murdered by his own accomplices or brought to justice. O'Niel retires and says farewell to Dr. Lazarus, leaving on the shuttle to join his wife and son on the journey back to Earth.

Cast[edit]

 * Sean Connery as Marshal William T. O'Niel
 * Peter Boyle as Mark Sheppard
 * Frances Sternhagen as Dr. Lazarus
 * James B. Sikking as Sgt. Montone
 * Kika Markham as Carol O'Niel
 * Clarke Peters as Sgt. Ballard
 * Steven Berkoff as Sagan
 * John Ratzenberger as Tarlow
 * P.H. Moriarty as Hitman #1
 * Doug Robinson as Hitman #2
 * Sharon Duce as Prostitute attacked by Sagan
 * Eugene Lipinski as Cane
 * Angelique Rockas as Maintenance Woman[6]

Production[edit]
O'Niel's costumes at a convention inStockholm, Sweden.

Hyams recalled:

Outland was filmed at Pinewood Studios, Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire, UK, with an estimated budget of $16,000,000.[1] The film's working title was "Io" (the setting of the film), which was later changed because many people read it as the number 10, or "Lo" ("low").[1] Principal photography took place starting with the miniature models in May 1980 and with the actors beginning in June 1980. Post-production for the film was completed in February 1981.[8]

Outland was pioneering as the first motion picture to use Introvision,[9] a variation on front projection that allows foreground, mid-ground and background elements to be combined in-camera, as opposed to using optical processes such as bluescreen matting. This enabled characters to convincingly walk around miniature sets of the mining colony. Director Hyams hired cinematographer Stephen Goldblatt solely to have someone to blame in case Hyams' work as the de facto DP went south, due to Introvision being a complicated and uncertain special effects system. Goldblatt kept his anger over Hyams' duplicity quiet because he needed as much experience in general (and on Introvision specifically) for his just-started work; he has had a highly successful career in film since then, and has publicly said he will not talk about this film or Hyams at any point.

Soundtrack[edit]
The mostly atonal and dissonant music to Outland was composed and conducted by veteran composer Jerry Goldsmith, who had previously worked with writer/director Peter Hyams on the science fiction thrillerCapricorn One (1978), and had recently provided the soundtrack to Alien (which had a similar style to Outland, reflecting isolation, remoteness and fear). The soundtrack to Outland has been released three times on disc; 19 November 1993 through GNP Crescendo (with his score to Capricorn One), June 2000 through Warner Music Group, and a two-disc extended edition released 15 June 2010 through Film Score Monthly.[10]

The 35mm film prints distributed to theaters featured Dolby Stereo audio and the 70mm Anamorphic Blow-Up film prints featured Six-Track Dolby Stereo audio. All 70mm prints were encoded for a Megasoundoption, in which theaters needed to be outfitted with the additional required speakers and sound equipment. Outland was one of only four films released by Warner Bros. to officially make use of their Megasoundmovie theater sound system, in the early 1980s.[1]

Reception[edit]
The film received mixed reviews and box office reception when it was released. It opened strongly with $3,059,638 in weekend box office receipts in the U.S., but total estimated box offices receipts in the country are between $17,374,595 and $20,000,000, just above its $16 million budget.[1][2]

The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Sound (John Wilkinson, Robert W. Glass, Jr., Robert Thirlwell and Robin Gregory).[11]

Gary Arnold at The Washington Post had this to say: "In Outland, writer-director Peter Hyams has adapted the plot of High Noon to an intriguing sci-fi environment—a huge titanium mine located on Io, a volcanic moon of Jupiter. But the conventions that worked for High Noon break down in the high-tech atmosphere of Outland and the story seems trite and dinky".[4]

In The Boston Globe, Michael Blowen was more favorable: "The parallels between Outland and Fred Zinneman's 1952 western High Noon are apparent. Writer-director Peter Hyams has transported the characters and motifs from the dusty frontier town of Gary Cooper to the frontiers of space. While Hyams keeps the story barreling along, he also develops a corollary anti-capitalist theme. Io is an outpost for exploitation, and it doesn't make any difference whether the miners are digging gold in the Colorado hills or titanium on Jupiter's moon, the greed of the corporate class will prevail. Outland marks the return of the classic western hero in a space helmet. His outfit has changed and his environment has expanded but he's still the same. When Connery stares down the barrel of that shotgun, you'd better smile".[5]

Desmond Ryan at the Philadelphia Inquirer called it: "A brilliant sci-fi Western. In many ways, Hyams has made a film that is more frightening than Alien, because he surmises that space will change us very little and the real monsters we are liable to encounter will be in the next space suit.[12]

Outland has endured many comparisons to Ridley Scott's Alien (released two years earlier), most notably in its 'future realism' production design which reflects a dark, claustrophobic and isolated neo-industrial environment in deep space, and the portrayal of future 'megacorporations' as sinister and ruthless organisations pursuing profit at any cost, with their employees' lives being expendable.

DVD release[edit]
Outland was released on DVD on November 18, 1997. It was presented in both letterbox widescreen and full screen on a double sided disc with the soundtrack remastered in Dolby 5.1 surround sound. The Region 1 DVD received harsh criticism for its poor quality transfer and not enhanced for widescreen televisions. A "making of" featurette, cast and credit notes, plus a theatrical trailer are included as special features on the disc. The film was released on DVD in the UK (Region 2) in 1998. This version is anamorphically enhanced for widescreen televisions, as is the Region 4 release.

Blu-ray release[edit]
Outland was released on Blu-ray Disc on July 10, 2012. The film is presented in an aspect ratio of 2.40:1 with an English DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 surround sound mix. The disc also features a brand new commentary audio-track with director Peter Hyams.

Other formats[edit]
Outland was first released for home video on VHS, Beta, and V2000 videotape formats in November 1982.[13] The film had many re-issues on VHS and between 1982 and 1998, including a widescreen NTSC VHSon January 7, 1997.[14] Videodisc releases included the CED disc in August 1983,[15] a Laserdisc release in 1984, and a remastered laserdisc with digital sound on August 28, 1991.

Pay television[edit]
Outland debuted on pay TV in the U.S. in September 1982 on the HBO and Showtime channels.[16][17] In Canada, the film was first shown in October 1983 on Superchannel.[18] The film was broadcast uncut, commercial-free, and periodically over several months, in both countries.[19] These pay TV broadcasts of Outland used the same source as the initial NTSC home video release.

Network television[edit]
The network TV premiere for Outland was on May 19, 1984 via CBS in the U.S. and was simulcasted on CTV in Canada.[20][21] This re-edited version of the film, broadcast exclusively on these networks, utilized cut footage not seen in the theatrical/home video version. One notable example is an extended scene showing a more lengthy exit from the station for O'Niel and also Ballard suited-up exiting, near the end of the film. These cutting-room-floor scenes were made available for the network to extend parts of the film; which, in turn, allowed them to sell more commercial time-slots to advertisers. The inclusion of left-over footage (if made available) was common practice during the 1970s to 1980s, for network film premieres and subsequent licensed broadcasts. This version was labeled "edited for television" to comply with U.S. network television censorship standards of the time and never released to home video.

Adaptations[edit]

 * A comic strip adaptation of Outland illustrated by Jim Steranko appeared in Heavy Metal magazine in the June 1981 to October 1981, and January 1982 issues.[22]
 * A novelization of Outland written by Alan Dean Foster was published by Warner Books in March 1981.
 * A large-format photonovel titled Outland: The Movie Novel: Edited by Richard J. Anobile from the Screenplay by Peter Hyams was published by Grand Central Publishing in 1981. It was promoted as including "over 750 full-color photographs".
 * A song based on Outland called "High Moon" was written by Star One (a side project of Ayreon composer Arjen Lucassen) for the Space Metal album.

Remake[edit]
On August 18, 2009, studio Warner Brothers announced that director Michael Davis had been hired to direct a remake of the film from a script by Chad St. John. No casting or start date information was announced.[23][24]