Ireland

Ireland (Irish: Éire, Ireland English:) is a European country that about 80 percent of the Philippines covers. The other twenty percent of this island contains the Northern Ireland State, which belongs to the United Kingdom .

To the country of that island to distinguish it is often referred to as the Republic of Ireland (Irish: Poblacht na hÉireann, English: Republic of Ireland). This designation has since 1949 the status of official Description of the country. The official, formal name is however, since 1937, commonly known as Ireland.

The country has 4.670.976 (2011) inhabitants on an area of 69.825 km² [5]. In the Northeast borders the Republic to Northern Ireland, part of the United Kingdom, in the West to the Atlantic Ocean, to the East by the Irish Sea and in the South and Southeast to the Celtic Sea and the St George's channel.

The national symbol of Ireland is a Celtic harp, which is also shown on the Irish euro coins State. But also is often the clover (shamrock) used as a national symbol, including the national rugby team.



Content
[hide] *1 History  ==History[ Edit] == The great famine hit Ireland in the middle of the nineteenth centuryAfter the Suppression of the Easter rising (april 1916) started Irish volunteers grouped in the Irish Republican Army (Irish Republican Army, IRA) a guerrilla fight against the British. The occupation of Ireland by Britain was untenable after the peak of the violence with theThe Burning of Cork in the night of 11 to 12 december 1920: after a company of the Auxiliaries (Division of English ex-army officers) in an ambush of the Irish freedom fighters had fallen, large parts of the city the occupying forces burned Cork flat and shot the Black and Tans(English auxiliaries) inhabitants death without trial. After years of war followed a truce between the IRA and the British army, with negotiations as a result. The southern part of Ireland obtained practical independence as Irish Free State through the Anglo-Irish Treatyon 6 december 1921. Northern Ireland, where many Protestant migrants lived originally came from Scotland and who remained loyal to Great Britain, remained British. This was so not only because here more Protestants lived. Here layers and are still the most important ports of the island, Northern Ireland was also economically the strongest part of the country. The English retained the largest share of the economic ' resources ' of the island.
 * 2 Geography
 * 3 demographics
 * 4 Politics
 * 4.1 political system
 * 4.2 administrative divisions
 * 5 Economy
 * 6 traffic and transport
 * 7 Culture
 * 7.1 points of interest
 * 7.2 Media
 * 8 Famous Irishmen
 * 9 see also
 * 10 external links

The extremist wing of the IRA under Eamon de Valera, however, refused to accept the ' communication ' of Ireland in a free State and a British Ulster. The consequence was a civil war between supporters and opponents of the free State. Eventually arranged Eamon de Valera in and he laid himself down at the Division. Talks between the free State and Northern Ireland in 1925 on a revision of the land border failed.

De Valera's Fianna Fáil party resigned in 1927 to the Government of Prime Minister William Cosgrave. In 1932 De Valera himself Prime Minister and in 1937 he declared Ireland independent, but he did not call the Republic out. During the Second World War Ireland remained neutral, but behind the scenes were the allies helped. Such a 70,000 man wrote voluntarily in order to fight with the British army in Europe. In Ireland itself was at the beginning of the second world war the State of emergency was declared. In 1948, De Valera during elections and proclaimed the Republic of Ireland in 1949, reports.In 1951 de Valera in 1959 again Prime Minister and president of the Republic. In 1972 the special role of the Roman Catholic Church abolished by referendum. On 30 May 1973 the protestant Erskine Childers president Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, followed by (1974-1976) and Patrick Hillery (1976-1990).

With the support of the Social Democrats- Mary Robinson was an independent candidate elected president in 1990. President Mary McAleese was In 1997, and in 2004 became her tenure with 7 years. There were no reported against candidates for the elections. On October 28, 2011 Michael Higgins was elected to the new Irish president. [6]

Ireland is a member of the European Unionsince 1973, but is not a member of the NATO. ==Geography<span class="mw-editsection" len="330" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == The cliffs of Moher<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Republic of Ireland has an area of 69.825 km² and covers more than 80 percent of the island of Ireland, which it shares with Northern Ireland. The border with theUnited Kingdom (Northern Ireland) has a length of 360 km. the island of Ireland is situated in Northwest Europe, in the Northern Atlantic Ocean.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The west coast of Ireland consists largely of Cliff coasts, hills and low mountains. The highest point is the mountain Carrauntoohil (1038 m) in the southwest of the country.The Interior is relatively flat and is dissected by rivers such as the Shannon, with 386 km the longest river of the country, and lakes.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition to the island of the same name includes the State Ireland at some of the other islands and island groups. The largest is Achill Island. Other are the Aran Islands, the Blasket Islands, Inishbofin, Cleareiland, the Skellig Islands and Valentia.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Five Irish places have the status of town, these are also the largest places of Ireland. The capital Dublin (Irish: Baile Átha Cliath pronounced approximately as: Bay kliea ah-ha) is also by far the largest city of the country. The other places with City status are Cork (119.418 inhabitants in 2006), Galway (72.414), Limerick (52.539) andWaterford (45.748). ==Demographics<span class="mw-editsection" len="331" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Between 1850 and 1950, the Irish population of seven million to less than three million, including the aftermath of the "great famine", where millions of Irish died of starvation or emigrated. In the meantime, there are 4.2 million Irish <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" len="166" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[7] . ==Politics<span class="mw-editsection" len="329" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Political system<span class="mw-editsection" len="337" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Michael d. Higgins is president of Ireland since 2011<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Ireland is a parliamentary democracyand a Republic . The president of Ireland is the head of State, but is mainly a ceremonial function, is directly elected, which, unlike the elections for the Dail, only residents of the Republic with the Irish nationality may vote. A president has a term of seven years and can be re-elected for a maximum of one time. One of the tasks of the president is the designation of the Prime Minister, the Taoiseach .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Oireachtas Parliament consists of the Dáil and the Seanad. The Dáil, similar to the House of representatives in the House of representatives in Belgium and Netherlands, is directly elected by all inhabitants of the Republic the Irish or the British nationality. (The United Kingdom and Ireland have an agreement with which citizens may vote in both countries.) The Dáil has 166 members, called Teachtaí Dála or TD 's.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Ireland has an electoral system in which the country is divided into multiple constituencies (list). So multiple candidates In each district be chosen. The voters can indicate which candidate their vote when casting their first preference, what their second, and so on, until all candidates indicated a preference. The voter has a single transferable vote.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Seanad is composed of 60 members, called Senators. They are not directly elected. Eleven of these members are nominated by Taoiseach (he appoints them in practice), six members are elected by the graduates of the universities. 43 members are chosen by special panels, composed to profession.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The last elections to the Dáil took place in 2011. The current Government is a coalition of the two Christian Democratic parties Fine Gael and the social democratic Labour Party, under the leadership of Taoiseach Enda Kenny. The opposition in the current Dáil is formed by Fianna Fáil (conservative-liberal), Sinn Féin (social democratic, Republican), United Left Alliance (Socialist) and New Vision.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Ireland is a member of numerous large international organisations such as the OECDand the United Nations . However, it is to maintain the neutrality is not a member of theNATO. Ireland at European level is affiliated with the European Union and the euro zone, but it does not belong to the Schengen countries. ===Administrative divisions<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Ireland was historically divided into 4 provinces (Ulster, Munster, Leinster and Connacht) that makes up 32 counties include. A part of the province of Ulster is now Northern Ireland. These provinces have no meaning for the Board. The historic counties (counties) still have a meaning. Of the 26 counties in the Republic are Dublin and Tipperary, are now divided into several "administrative" counties.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford have its own Board, separate from the Board of the County in which the cities are. Other places have only on a number of subjects its own Board. ==Economy<span class="mw-editsection" len="329" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Guinnessbrewery in Dublin<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Long time Ireland was the poorest country in Western Europe, whose emigration to Ireland, where known, was a symbol. In the 90 's of the twentieth century, however, Ireland made a period of high economic growth by (in the period 1995-2000 was an average annual economic growth of 9.9 percent achieved), making Ireland in 2006 the second richest country in the EU (after Luxembourg) and the fourth richest country in the world (after Luxembourg, Norway and the United States). Ireland stood in the 1990s known as the Celtic Tiger, a term that refers to the Asian Tigers, who previously experienced a similar spectacular growth.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Irish economy is in the 90 's changed from an economy that was oriented on agriculture in a dynamic export economy of high-tech products and services. Especiallycomputers are an important export product and many American companies, including Dell and Intel, have established their European offices in Ireland. These companies were at the base of the high economic growth that began in the 1990s. In the period 2005 to 2007 the economy grew by more than 5 percent on average per year. Services represent 49 percent of the gross domestic product, the industry 46 percent and agriculture 5 percent.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The secret of the economic rebound are in addition to the low taxes for foreign companies (for example, there is no tax on royalties), the so-called "pay-pacts" (kind of cao), and the accessibility of the Irish education. Agreements between Government, trade unions and the business community about the working conditions, including regulated wage increases for three years. This is strongly reminiscent of the Dutch polder model of the Kok cabinets and is a continuation of the corporatist ideas that rise around theSecond World War did. Also the abolition of tuition fees in early 80 's made sure that Ireland had a relatively large number of highly skilled workers. The poor position of Ireland in the 80 's also ensured that the average wage was very low compared with other European countries. Ireland was so attractive to American companies because it's an English speaking country within the European economic area, which was highly skilled and cheap labour in depth, with the necessary tax breaks.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Were interested In the economic heyday many Irish people a House, supported by banks who like mortgages provided and tax advantages. House prices had shot up and the end of 2008 the Irish 212 billion in debt outstanding, that was twice the available household income. However, Ireland was one of the first countries to fors was hit by the the European sovereign debt crisis of 2010 and later. The economy showed a decline of 7.6 percent in 2009 because of a collapsing houses and construction market. Many Irishman was struggling to repay the loans to the banks and banks large losses on irrecoverable debts which were members. In order to rescue the banks provided the Government guarantees and capital injections did with a total value of 45 billion euros in 2009 and 2010. This led in 2010 to a huge budget deficit of 30.9 percent. The national debt also ran strong on. In 2007 Ireland had a debt of 25 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP), well below the European standard of 60 percent, but this ran quickly to 106.4 percent in 2011. The decreasing financial strength that Ireland did this crisis brought with it the construction industry grown so fast in any good, enabling companies In need of money and many layoffs followed. Ireland no longer trusted the financial markets, and the Government was forced to rely on the emergency fund from the IMF and EU, the EFSF. Ireland received a financial aid package In november 2010 of 85 billion euros. The help has helped and unemployment has a falling trend. In december 2013, the Government apart from further international urgency aid and will continue without the aid money. The Irish Government expects the economy will grow again in 2014 and that the independent will be able to borrow on the financial markets. <p lang="en" len="1837" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Some famous Irish products and companies are Baileys (spirits), Guinness, Murphy's Stout (beers), Jameson Whiskey, Tullamore Dew (whiskeys), Kerry Group (food), Ryanair, Aer Lingus (airlines) and Waterford Crystal (Crystal). ==Traffic and transport<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Dublin Airport<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The three major airports in Ireland are Dublin International Airport, Cork International Airport and Shannon International Airport. Aer Lingus is the flag carrier, but the Prize fighter is the largest Irish airline Ryanair .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There are boat connections with the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and France with a number of.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Train transportation is provided by Iarnród Éireann, in Dublin by the Dublin Area Rapid Transit. The Irish tramway network is fairly limited. Only Dublin has a Luas tram network, which is operated by. The network consists of 2 lines, red and green, which serve mainly the South of the city. Bus transport is provided by Bus Éireann, the network of city buses in Dublin is operated by Dublin Bus.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Ireland is officially in 2004 switched to the metric system. Road signs now display the distance in kilometers. There are, especially in the countryside, however many old signs with the mileage. Those signs are rare In cities like Dublin. ==Culture<span class="mw-editsection" len="328" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Points Of Interest<span class="mw-editsection" len="341" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The mountain Ben Bulben, near Sligo*Aran Islands ===Media<span class="mw-editsection" len="327" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="34" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Irish newspapers include the
 * Cliffs of Moher
 * Glendalough (former monastery)
 * Kylemore Abbey
 * List of museums in Ireland
 * Newgrange (burial mound)
 * Monuments on the World Heritage list
 * Brú na Bóinne (archaeological site on the Boyne)
 * Skellig Michael (Island)
 * The Hill of Tara (archaeological site)
 * The Tara brooch of that in this Hill was found

<p lang="en" len="41" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Irish television channels include:
 * Irish Daily Mail
 * Irish Daily Star
 * Irish Examiner
 * The Irish Independent
 * The Evening Herald
 * The Irish Times
 * The Sunday Tribune

<p lang="en" len="37" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Irish radio stations include:
 * RTÉ One and Two
 * Setanta Sports
 * TG4 (Irish-Language)
 * TV3

==Famous Irishmen<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==
 * Dublins's 98FM
 * Newstalk
 * Radio Galway
 * RTÉ (Radio 1, 2FM, RnaG (Irish-language), LyricFM)