Henry VIII of England

Henry VIII (Greenwich, 28 June 1491 – 28 January Westminster, 1547) was from 1509 to 1547 King of England, Lord of Ireland and later also King of Ireland. He descended from the House Tudor and was a son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Henry is known as the prototype of the self-conscious renaissance-frost. He was intelligent and interested in art and science. However, he was also considered as unloving, selfish and cruel. Opponents, wives or the officials who stood in his way, he ruthlessly put away out of the way. Henry was notorious for its marriage issues: he has had six wives, two of whom he beheaded.

During his reign England and Wales were legally United in one Kingdom, more than two centuries after the conquest of Wales by England. An even more important development was the separation of the Anglican Church of the Church of Rome, because of a conflict with the Pope over the dissolution of his first marriage. This inadvertently the Protestant Reformation, he worked in the hand. He was involve in 1511 by Pope Julius II in the war of the League of Cambrai against France, which he in the back was attacked by France's ally Scotland. He and especially his wife Catherine of Aragon-which in France fighting Hendrik "observed"-knew Scotland however, in 1513 to inflict a heavy defeat in the battle of Flodden Field. He recorded some military successes In France, as in the battle of Guinegate.



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[hide] *1 Prince of Wales  ==Prince of Wales[ Edit] == Hendrik is the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York and was initially destined for a career in the Church. His older brother Arthur died in 1502 and was as Prince of Wales (i.e. Crown Prince) succeeded by Hendrik. Because his father wanted to see Spain again ratified the Covenant with like, married Henry in 1509, shortly after the death of his father and just before his coronation, with his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. Henry was at that time 17 years old. ==Foreign policy[ Edit] == Henry wanted England to make a strong power that could play a leading role in European politics. By being in different wars to collapse, he drew the Treasury completely.Also its Grand Court and its beautiful tournaments have cost England a lot of money. Haider foreign policy was not successful. In the European battle between Habsburg and France or between Reformation and Rome played England hardly a role of significance.
 * 2 foreign policy
 * 3 separation from the Church of England
 * Six women 4
 * 5 later years and death
 * 6 For parents
 * Composer 7
 * Note 8

In later years he went to more agile work and were looking for new ways to strengthen his power. He increased the taxes, sought cooperation with the House of Commonsand moved away from the Roman Catholic Church. However, the majority of the population supported him, because they are not worse by was. The tax increases were offset by greater economic activity and huge inflation was offset by a large increase in foreign demand for British goods.

Ireland In 1542 was subjected and Henry began a war with Scotland (victory at Solway Moss). ==Separation from the Church of England[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A significant event in his reign was the separation of the Church of England (Church of England, Anglican Church) from Rome in 1534, in which Thomas Cromwell andThomas Cranmer (Archbishop of Canterbury) played a prominent role. Also here were personal motives in the game. Henry was in doctrinally respect against the Protestant Reformation. For a publication of its hand in which Martin Luther was contested, he had the title of Pope Leo X ' ' Fidei Defensor (defender of the faith) got. When his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, no son him turned out to donate can-it had given birth to six children of whom only one, Mary Tudor, in life left off-he saw that as a serious problem: only continuation of the Tudordynastie by a male heir to the throne according to him, the country could prevent a new civil war, such as the wars of the Roses. He asked for annulment of his marriage to Catharina to Pope Clement VII, who at the time was the prisoner of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Haider argument that Catherine the widow of his elder brother was already not strong and in addition, it was unfair to Catherine, sister of Charles mother. Pope Clement VII did not agree.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Henry thereupon broke finally with Rome, which was laid down in the Act of Supremacy of 1534. Haider Lord Chancellor Thomas More, who is also a leading humanist scholar and friend of Erasmus was, stubbornly opposed, both against the divorce of Catherine of Aragon as against the break with Rome. This left Henry does not distract from his plans. Thomas More came to fall, was tried for treason and executed in 1535. Also John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, was arrested because of his opposition to Henry; When the Pope then raised to Cardinal, he also ended Fisher in the same year on the scaffold.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Henry decided to confiscate the goods of the Catholic Church and those of the monasteries and congregations. The proceeds were for the English Crown and his closest colleagues. The aversion that many Englishmen had played him in all of this, of Rome, in the map. There was some scattered Roman Catholic resistance, but the Catholics who laid there, were left untouched. The Protestants, however, were violently persecuted.Later, some more drawing closer to the Protestants. The title ' Fidei defensor ' hit Henry lost, of course, and he was even excommunicated. The title ' Fidei defensor ', however, was by the English Parliament in 1544 again (hereditary) awarded to the Crown Prince, his 7-year-old son, Edward VI. To this day carries the English/British head of State this title, not as originally intended as a defender of the Roman Catholic faith but of the Anglican Church, of which he/she formally the head. ==Six women<span class="mw-editsection" len="343" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Henry VIII live especially on in history as the man with the many women. He was married six times. Only three children remained life and all of those children ascended the English throne.

<p lang="en" len="85" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">This sequence of women is sometimes simplified, slightly ironical in the following form: <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">It is suggested that Henry VIII to Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne Boleyn, a daughter, in 1524 in 1526 a son Henry (which has become 70 years old) and begat two other sons, whose names are not known. However, these children are formally in the name of her legal spouse, William Carey. Although it is generally assumed that Mary was the mistress of Henry VIII some time, he never acknowledged the paternity of her children. From him is just one official admitted bastard child known: Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset (1519-1536); from his marriage with Mary Howard was no progeny on. His mother was Elizabeth Blount ("Bessie"). ==Later years and death<span class="mw-editsection" len="352" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On January 24, 1535, Hendrik is than 43, he becomes in an equestrian tournament seriously injured. He is taken out of the saddle, his armored horse stumbles and falls on top of him. Hendrik is two hours unconscious and gets seriously wounded in both legs. The hofartsen fear for his life. The King restores anyway, but according to a survey by "History Channel in 2009" is the real chance that Henry has sustained brain damage in the accident, damage that his personality would affect thoroughly. Henry is depressed, violent and paranoid.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]
 * Catherine of Aragon (married 11 June 1509, separated 1533)
 * Stillborn daughter: (31 January 1510)
 * Son: Henry (1 January 1511 – 22 February 1511)
 * Son: Henry (October 1513 – same day died)
 * Son: (november 1514 -died shortly after birth)
 * Daughter: the later Queen Mary I of England (18 February 1516 – 17 november 1558), married Philip II of Spain; Queen from 1553 to 1558.
 * Daughter: (10 november 1518 -died shortly after birth)
 * Anne Boleyn (married 25 January 1533, beheaded on 19 may 1536)
 * Daughter: the later Queen Elizabeth I (7 september 1533 – 24 March 1603), unmarried; Queen of 1558 to 1603.
 * Jane Seymour (30 may 1536, died in childbirth on 24 October 1537)
 * Son: the future King Edward VI of England (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553), unmarried; King of 1547 to 1553.
 * Anne of Cleves (married 6 January 1540, the same year separated)
 * Catherine Howard (married July 28 1540, beheaded on 13 February 1542)
 * Catherine Parr (married 12 July 1543, she outlived him and died on 5 september 1548)

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">But the King has even more serious health problems: since his accident he suffers severe migraine attacks, he has varicose veins and the wounds to his legs hitting infected and will never heal. These wounds are so severe that he can no longer walk. Henry is suffering from malaria and severe obesity. So he is assumed to be 13 times a day at and was overwhelmed by everything thoroughly with beer and wine, up to six liters a day.Measurements of his armour show that, between his 20th and his 50th, his waist-circumference increases by 99 to 135 cm. at his death at the age of 55 should have weighed about 178 kg Henry. Diabetes also made that he was almost blind.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">It is generally assumed that Henry died of syphilis. This is, however, no evidence to support these claims. On 28 January 1547 Henry VIII dies at the age of 55, probably of a heart attack. He is buried in the Saint George Chapel of Windsor Castle, next to his third wife Jane Seymour. He was succeeded by his son Edward VI of England, who at the time still a minor. ==For Parents<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ==Composer<span class="mw-editsection" len="341" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Henry VIII was not only King of England, but also a good composer: from his hand are 34 works handed down, mainly songs (of which the best known Pastyme with good companye though) but also instrumental works and a three-voice motet (Quam pulchra es).