Raymond Chandler

Raymond Thornton Chandler (Chicago, 1888 - July 23, La Jolla (California), March 26, 1959) was an American writer of detective stories and novels. His best known titles are The Big Sleep and The Long Goodbye, both with Philip Marlowe as main character. Along with Dashiell Hammett and James m. Cain (the Californian School) he is as one of the fathers of the "hard-boiled" detective genre. He wrote only 7 crime novels and more than 24 short stories, which were a major influence on and grew to classics other writers, such as Ross Macdonald. He is "the Shakespeare of the hard-boiled fiction" called.



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[hide] *1 brief biography  ==Short biography[ Edit] == Born in Chicago in 1895 at the age of seven he moved-after his parents ' divorce-with his mother Florence to England. There he visited Dulwich College in London the ' Preparatory School ' and then studied International Law in France and Germany. In 1907 he became naturalized British citizen, in order the Civil Service Exam (for British officials) to be able to lay off. He graduated and got a job at the Admiralty, where he served for more than a year. In this period, he published his first poem. After his time as an officer worked as a journalist, and continued to write poems Raymond Chandler in late-romantic style.
 * 2 literature criticism
 * 3 Prices
 * 4 Bibliography
 * 4.1 story collections
 * 4.2 Novels
 * 5 external links
 * 6 Nuts

In 1912 he returned to the United States and was trained as accountant and Auditor. In 1917 he joined the Canadian Army, was transferred to the RAF in 1918 and fought in France. When he returned to the USA, he moved to Los Angeles and had a relationship with an 18 year older woman (Pearl Cecily "Cissy" Hurlburt) with whom he married in 1924. In 1932 the Chandler brought even to Vice-President of the Dabney Oil Syndicate, but was lost again this prestigious job in the petroleum industry because of excessive drinking.

He taught himself how to write pulp stories to have bread on the shelf, and his first story was published in Black Mask Magazine. His first detective novel, "The Big Sleep", was published in 1939 (later made into a film repeatedly with Humphrey Bogart and Robert Mitchum).

Chandler also worked for a time as a screenwriter in Hollywood as a result of the success of his crime novels, a.o. in 1944 with Director Billy Wilder to "Double Indemnity" (from the novel by James m. Cain), and wrote some screenplays, including "The Blue Dahlia" (1946, his only original screenplay), and "Strangers On A Train" (1951), from the novel by Patricia Highsmith and made into a film by Alfred Hitchcock. The Blue Dahlia is all that's left of the novel where Chandler between The Lady in the Lake and The Little Sister was working.

His wife died on 12 december 1954 and Cissy Chandler, whose heart was broken, handle to the bottle. His writing fell back, in quality and in quantity, and in February 1955, he attempted suicide. He died at the age of 70 to a pneumonia. ==Literature Criticism[ Edit] == Chandler's thoughtful prose became widely admired by intellectuals such as W. H. Auden, Stephen Spender and Evelyn Waugh to populists as Ian Fleming. Although his style was mainly based on those of Dashiell Hammett, was his use of poetic comparisons quite original. Phrases like "The minutes walked on their toes over, with the finger on the lips" ("The Lady in the Lake", 1943) in the USA have the name ' Chandlerisms ' got.

His style is also often parodied and lay on the shelf. He was also an astute critic of pulp literature, and his essay "The Simple Art of Murder" (1950) is also still often quoted in academic circle.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">His works, always written in the ik shape, often have complicated plots, and a famous anecdote is that when Chandler was called by the film studio during the filming of one of his books, in which the question was asked him "who now had a particular murder committed?", he also didn't remember it myself. One of his mottos as a writer was: ' When in doubt, have a man come in with a gun in his hand "-(If you don't remember how it goes, you leave a guy with a gun enter the room).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Raymond Chandler exerted a great influence on the crime novel and in particular on imitators as Robert b. Parker, Michael Connelly, Timothy Harris, Arthur Lyons, Max Allan Collins, Robert Crais, Walter Mosley,Sara Paretsky, Paco Ignacio Taibo II, Loren d. Estleman and Ross Macdonald.

<p lang="en" len="230" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Also the film noirgenre is largely indebted to his work. ==Prices<span class="mw-editsection" len="330" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p lang="en" len="327" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Also got two Oscar nominations for best screenplay: Chandler for "Double Indemnity" in 1945 (along with Billy Wilder) and in 1947 for "The Blue Dahlia". ==Bibliography<span class="mw-editsection" len="335" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Story Collections<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Novels<span class="mw-editsection" len="329" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">All these titles are about a private detective in Los Angeles, Philip Marlowe, "a neat, nice, clean private detective who would drop no ash on the ground and never more than one gun with him would wear," as Marlowe describes itself on the first page of "The High Window".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" len="168" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]
 * 1946 - the Edgar Allen Poe Award for Screenplay (by the ' Mystery Writers of America ')
 * 1954 - the Edgar Allen Poe Award for Novel (' Mystery Writers of America ')
 * 1946 Spanish Blood (stories)
 * 1946 Red Wind (stories)
 * 1950 Trouble is my Business (stories)
 * 1950 The Simple Art of Murder (stories)
 * 1964 Killer in the Rain (stories)
 * 1939 The Big Sleep (filmed in 1946 and 1978)
 * 1940 Farewell, My Lovely (made into a film in 1942, in 1944 as Murder, My Sweet and in 1975)
 * 1942 The High Window (film 1947)
 * 1943 The Lady in the Lake (1947 film)
 * 1949 The Little Sister (filmed 1969)
 * 1954 The Long Goodbye (filmed 1973)
 * playback 1958
 * 1959 Poodle Springs (unfinished, completed by Robert b. Parker in 1989)

<p lang="en" len="123" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Big Sleep, Farewell, My Lovely and The Long Goodbye are usually regarded as his best work.