St Maarten (Feast)

The St. Martin feast is on 11 november, or sometimes the night before, celebrated in some regions of Flanders, Netherlands, Northern France, some German-speaking areas, Hungary and on the island of Sint Maarten.

It's the name day of Martin of Tours and is also called Saint Martin's, Sinter Mackay or Sinte-mette called. The way this party given is varies from region to region.



Content
[hide] *Spread 1  ==Dissemination[ Edit] == ===Netherlands[ Edit] === St Maarten celebration in the Netherlands, in 1961.In comes the celebration for Netherlands in parts of the country. In Utrecht, where Saint Martin is the Patron Saint of St Martin's, is a Council set up to promote city Utrecht as St. Maarten.
 * Netherlands 1.1
 * Belgium 1.2
 * 1.3 Elsewhere
 * 2 Traditions
 * 2.1 Netherlands
 * 2.2 Flanders
 * 2.3 Hungary
 * 2.4 Overlap with Saint-Nicholas party
 * 3 History
 * 3.1 Origin
 * 3.2 Development in the 20th century
 * 4 Songs
 * 5 Trivia
 * 6 external link

Not in every region seems to be the tradition as strong to live; in Limburg, Noord-Holland and Groningen was adopted in 1997, that in these counties the St Maarten celebration was still quite topical. In the provinces of Drenthe , Frieslandand Noord-Brabant showed an increase in celebrations to be observed. To a lesser extent Saint Martin is celebrated in South Holland and Zeeland and parts of Overijssel, Gelderland and Flevoland.

That the party does not disappear, but rather spread, is illustrated by the development in Amsterdam. The Feast was celebrated here for hundreds of years, until in the last decades of the 20th century in the suburbs popped up under the influence of surrounding municipalities in the more rural areas. At the beginning of the 21st centurycame to the wealthy Amsterdam Canal the first Chinese lanterns.

On the other side of 't IJ, Amsterdam-Noord, was in until after the second world war ' Sinteremaarten ' celebrated with a rutabaga, cut out to lampion sugar beet orfodder beet, in accordance with the German Rübengeistern; the original Irish spirits, or turnip Jack-o'-lantern, part of the ancient traditions of thanks events for light, heat, crop and harvest. Meanwhile, the Saint Martin walk in Amsterdam almost entirely a living tradition.

The (cor) relationship of the party with religion is not strong. In Netherlands, the St. Martin feast celebrated by children of all denominations. In many songs is hardly paid attention to the religious background. The songs often have a humorous character and the repertoire is complemented by parodying or satirical texts.

november 11 is also the national day of the Dutch part of the island Saint Martin, that the sacred is named. ===Belgium<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The tradition lives in Belgium with particular strong in many places in the East cantons, in West Flanders, in the region around Aalst and in a few (part) municipalities of and around Dendermonde. Further commonHombeek , Mechelenmunicipality and surrounding places including Weerde and Peutie and places with Saint Martin's Church as Sint-Martens-Lennik, Beveren-Waas Moerzeke and a lively celebration. Olen, Retieand Weasel -the Middle the Antwerpse Kempen-firing a St Maarten (s) fire. One finds in Belgian Limburg traditions that resemble those in Dutch Limburg, but they are out there less topical than in Netherlands.Elsewhere in the country is not traditionally celebrated Saint Martin: there are concerts or events. The celebrations often fall along with the commemorations of the Armistice. ===Elsewhere<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === MartiniganslThree Weckmänner<p lang="en" len="450" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Also in Northern France, in French Flanders and Switzerland is Sint Maarten (Saint Martin) is celebrated.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In East Frisia in Germany is the Peepernööten Martinisingen inter alia be given. In parts of Austria and Germany we eat on this day, the so-called traditional gooseMartini goose essen or Martinsgansessen. This tradition stems from the legend that Saint Martin was too modest to let Bishop to dedicate and therefore blocked.However, geese betrayed him by their distance the noisy cry. Another legend tells that a bunch of geese walked into the Church under the sermon and the sermon upset, the geese were therefore trapped and eaten.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Saint Martin in the lower Rhine region is during the Lantern parade accompanied by a fanfare Corps. After the procession is the mantle communication acted out, there is a short speech by the Saint Martin figure and then get the kids a paper bag, the Martinstüte, which is filled with sweets, fruit and a Weckmann. This Martinstüte is also sometimes given to the elderly. A few weeks before the procession is in the neighbourhoods raised money to pay for these gifts.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In parts of Germany, Austria and South Tyrol is also the St Maarten-walk. It is then with lanterns through the streets, often accompanied by someone with a red cloak to, as Roman soldier dressed and on a fungus is. This man represents Saint Martin for. This is called the Martinsritt. The children sing songs and at the end there is a campfire that is called Martinsfeuer .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Hungary celebrates the feast under the name ' Márton-nap '. Documents from the 14th century mention this day as a holiday. Traditionally, the party linked to theadvent-fasting. The day of St. Maarten was the last day that could be extended to eat and drink. This element of Lent is celebrated enthusiastically. In German-speaking regions go children also along the doors to sing and candy to get right.

<p lang="en" len="96" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the East of Austria on this day is often the new wine by the priest blessed. ==Traditions<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Netherlands<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">St Maarten is not celebrated in the same way everywhere. In some places, organized parades in other bonfires are ignited. General is the Lantern Festival celebration tour. This is most common in the northern provinces and in Netherlands in North Holland (calledchat ). The children make lanterns or hollen sugar beets (compare Jack-o'-lantern) out and go with the lights along the doors. There they sing special St Martin's songs and get in return candy or fruit. The light used to be carried around in a hollowed out beet. Although this is still done, its colourful lanterns made by the children, now the most common. In the Netherlands be lanterns often during the school time created, for example in the lesson manual labor. Today, the Chinese lanterns often using batteries lit. Previously, many used the foekepot to the songs that were sung to accompany the tour. The St Maarten use was then called ' foekepotterij '.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the southern provinces and in Flanders comes along the door go much for, sometimes in combination with a bonfire or a parade. In some West-Flemish villages go from door to door is the ' ruusbuzen ', after the first words of the song that the children sing ("Ruus buus buus"). ===Flanders<span class="mw-editsection" len="337" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Explicitly in Mechelen, the emphasis is on the go from door to door. Children often go dressed up, but do not carry lanterns with it, even though some towns (such as Rijmenam) know something similar. The Mechelen children singing its own unique "Sinte Mette song" (Sinte-Mette of the ruggenuchte). The in the song mentioned "stool" is a litter. Although this is today almost no longer happens, had each "Sinte Mette"-group from a saint seated on a litter, which was carried around by his companions. Today the Sinte Mette Society this Belgian tradition. Exceptional for the region of Mechelen is that the adults celebrated Saint Martin (the "big Sinte Mette"), traditionally on the Sunday after 11 november. The society does this now even with the intent to raise money that is used for the conservation of the party.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" len="172" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The bonfires are especially typical of Limburg, usually in combination with a procession. One troops here in the Church where the story is told of Saint Martin. Then one runs in a Lantern Festival celebration parade to a massive fire (a so-called tros hope) where ' the poor man's ' of the story told to warm up. The children get traditionally a oliebol awarded. In Herk-de-Stad (Saint Martin's municipality) are there with St Maarten pancakes baked. In a growing number of villages it also occurs that children outside the celebration to go from House to House to a song to sing and to be rewarded. The St Maarten celebration is usually celebrated the Friday or Saturday for the 11th november to create any overlap with the start of the Carnival season (the 11th of the 11th). Come here and there outside Limburg bonfires for.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Parades are held nowadays especially in West Flanders, especially in the region around Veurne and Ypres. These parades are usually held on the eve of the feast day, so on 10 november. Saint Martin is accompanied by Zwarte Piet. Together they run in front in the procession and the children follow with their beet. After the procession (where sometimes the local fanfare or harmony in following along in unison), children can get a bag of delicacies in many municipalities (tangerines, chocolate, piknikken, Onze-Lieve-Females, cinnamon cookies, marzipan and St Martin's cakes). On 11 november itself, most children get even more treats and toys.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In and around Ypres, these celebrations often along with the various commemorations of the first world war. In Ardooie, where Saint Martin is the Patron Saint, goes every year an evening procession through the streets, fully dedicated to Saint Martin and the beginning of the winter period. Each year, thousands of tourists on this show off. ===Hungary<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The party Márton-nap is mainly in the family, possibly expanded to include friends, celebrated. Eating and drinking is central. The main dish is goose meat. A legend tells that St. Maarten is clogged between the goose because he did not wanted to be elected Pope. However, the geese have him verraaden with their gegak. Hence, goose meat, in whatever form, should not be missing during the party: who that day no goose eats meat, it will go hungry all year so they say. The day is also used to donate to the new wine. But still prefer the new Hungarian pálinka, schnapps. In the year 2010 are many markets organized around Márton-nap. In the German-speaking regions of Hungary the children singing along the doors and there are still parades, sometimes even with Sint Maarten in Roman attire on a horse. ===Overlap with Saint-Nicholas party<span class="mw-editsection" len="359" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Saint Martin in certain areas in Flanders takes the job of Sinterklaas on. The sinterklaas feast is celebrated traditionally not here or much less. The differences from village to village can be great. In the West-Flemish city of Wervik, for example, comes in one district of Saint Martin on november 11, along with toys, and in the other district of Saint Nicholas on december 6. Dendermonde has a similar phenomenon. In Saint-Gilles and Oudegem (towns) is Saint Martin, while in the Centre of Dendermonde Sinterklaas comes. In Ypres and the surrounding area and in the East-Flemish Aalst and Sint-Maarten Beveren is usually celebrated.These three cities have a Saint Martin's Church as the main church.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Ieper comes Saint Martin the night before 11 november to by boat. Then all children waiting for him and his Picts to the quay (Ieperlee). Then they go into a large procession to the main market square. In Sijsele(a municipality of Saint Martin) is in turn only a St Martin Talbot held (on the Friday night closest to the 11th november), but toys get the children only at Santa Claus. In Loppem (likewise a Saint Martin's municipal) call the children on 10 november to get at all the houses to goodies.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Saint Martin in Aalst comes the Saturday before november 11, officially with the boat, and he is in a coach to his throne at the Large Market driven. He will receive on 11 november the massively madding children.Also in the vicinity of Aalst, such as Lede and part of Erpe-Mere, Saint Martin comes along. In Veurne, Zele, Moerzeke, Opwijk , Lebbeke(except part Mazenzelemunicipality), Saint-Gilles and Oudegem is replaced by Saint Nicholas Saint Martin. Usually he comes in the night of 10 on 11 november. Notable differences are that Saint Martin in the Sky lives and not in Spain, that he has only one Zwarte Piet, and that his mount is sometimes a donkey instead of a fungus.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Saint Martin in Beveren is not depicted with miter and long beard, but if a Roman soldier on horseback who shares his red cloak with the poor. He drives than from district to district and intersperses sweets. The Kids try to collect as much as possible. This is called Gandhi. The children get no toys of Saint Martin. Before that Sinterklaas comes along on 6 december.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Veurne is a city that both Saints, both Saint Nicholas as Saint Martin, welcomes. In Veurne, the Saint Nicolas Church, with a marble statue under the pulpit dedicated to Saint-Nicolas. But Saint Martin is also in Veurne honored. Every year on the eve of november 11 is there just as St Martin in Ypres a Talib held. Mostly there at the St. Martin feast given clothes to the children, and they get toys at the Saint-Nicholas party.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the Meetjesland, there are two municipalities with Saint Martin as parish Saint: Zomergem, where the party has been replaced by Saint Nicholas, and Lovendegem. In Lovendegem is Saint Martin, basically just the Sunday before Christmas, 11 november with a boat on the Brugsevaart at the height of the Castle drove and then receive the children in the parish Center. Although also there the pressure to switch to keep Rural Sinterklaas large Guild and Saint Martin's Guild (a Guild connected with the Church of Saint Martin) stuck to the tradition. ==History<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">About the history of the party is much speculation. Often it is assumed that the Festival harks back to a Germanic winter party, but also a purely ecclesiastical origin is possible. It is clear that the development to a general public Festival, celebrated by all denominations, is fairly recent. ===Origin<span class="mw-editsection" len="337" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Bruegel's rendering of the Saint Martin's day (ca. 1566).Traditionally drank one when the new wine.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Scottish anthropologist James George Frazer assumes a pagan origin of the feast: carrying the (Holy) fire would be a for Christian fertility ritual are widely dispersed throughout Western Europe. The pagan ritual would then have been taken over by the Church, especially to win the confidence of the population.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" len="172" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Many other researchers argue, however, that there is nothing pagan to the party is worth noting. The German ethnological Moser Dietz-Rüdiger MoserStates that the party is introduced by the Church. Lucas in the Gospel we find the text: no one lights a lamp and puts it in the basement or under the bushel, but on the standard entry, so that who see the light (Lukas 11: 33 et seq.). These rules were often in the wrong on 11 november nominated and discussed.Moser assumes that by this reading in the wrong the population was urged to a slightly party.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Modern researchers often do not address the middle between both points of view. Saint Martin is a cave-ins against eest, and cave-ins against Kilning were needed in the difficult winter months. Bead parades as with Saint Martin (in Flanders) and were also held with three kings or with new year, and also theSaint-Nicholas party has characteristics of a cave-ins against eest. ===Development in the 20th century<span class="mw-editsection" len="355" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===

Saint Martin in Koog aan de Zaan in 1961.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Saint Martin was for a long time as cave-ins against eest a feast for the poor. Wealthy citizens saw their children prefer not to do with it. It was only in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century changed this attitude. The Saint Martin was just then seen as a beautiful, private tradition, which had to be preserved.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Because november 11, after the first world war was also the day on which this war was commemorated, is tried to give the party a secular load. It would then be a peace party. This one has eventually not carried through. The party is correct, especially in Netherlands, free of any religious or political charge, which certainly contributes to the great popularity of it.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Flanders is celebrating Saint Martin limited to these regions, and it seems to be no change to come. It is rather that the feast is celebrated less and less, especially in Belgian Limburg, where used to be much more St Martin's firing should have occurred. In Netherlands the situation is reversed: the party is only in the 20th century but has become more popular, and more and more regions organize celebrations. Typical is the gradual emergence of the use in Amsterdam (see above). Also in the regions where the party originally though was celebrated tradition is still very much alive. ==Songs<span class="mw-editsection" len="335" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There are countless St Martin's songs. Especially in Netherlands, there is a still growing repertoire. Many songs have a humorous load, though there are also still old charm songs. Some songs come in whole language area for, such as Saint Martin, other songs occur only in a small number of villages for. The songs are in a long, oral tradition. The oldest known St Martin's song is the following:


 * Stoockt four, maeckt four:
 * Sinte Marten goes here
 * With syne at my arms
 * He gheerne him warm up time by the Sun?

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The rules of this song are still coming in several existing St Martin's songs back. Also for other lyrics is that they are very old, as demonstrated by the large distribution.