Argentina

Argentina is a Spanish-speaking country in the South of South America, between the Andes and the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia and Chile. The country has 42.192.494 inhabitants (2012).

Argentina has a total surface area of 2.780.400 km², it is the eighth country in the world by area and the largest of the Spanish speaking countries. The name of the country is derived from the Latin word argentum (silver), a precious metal that played an important role in the rise of European colonialism. Argentina is independent since 1816, before that it was a Spanish colony for three centuries.

Buenos Aires, the capital, with about 3 million inhabitants is also the largest city of the country, and the Gran Buenos Aires metropolitan area is the second largest in South America. Argentina claims the Falkland Islands also the archipelagoes and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, both of which are under the authority of theUnited Kingdom, and a part of Antarctica.



Content
[hide] *1 History  ==History[ Edit] == In the beginning of the 16th century, the first Europeans arrived in the region. They were looking for in fact a passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Among them we find among other Ferdinand Magellan and Pedro de Mendoza. The latter built the settlement ' Nuestra Señora del Buen Aire ', the current Buenos Aires around 1536.Also in the Northwest of the country, where one good agricultural land was made, built the Spaniards who came from the Viceroyalty Bolivia different settlements: Mendoza,Tucumán, Córdoba and Salta. There were bred horses, cattle were kept for meat production, sugar, tobacco and vegetables were grown. The area experienced a large bloom in the 17th and 18th centuries because of the trade with the Viceroyalty of Peru, while Buenos Aires was only a second-rate port. There came only change in in 1776, when Buenos Aires was the administrative centre of the new ' vicekoninkrijk 'Río de la Plata, an area that the current Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and part of Bolivia covered.
 * 2 Geography
 * 2.1 physical geography
 * 2.2 Climate
 * 2.3 Cities
 * 2.4 Nature
 * 3 demographics
 * 3.1 Language
 * 3.2 Religion
 * Culture 4
 * 4.1 Literature
 * 4.2 fine art
 * 4.3 Architecture
 * 4.4 Film and theatre
 * 4.5 cultural heritage
 * 5 Economy
 * 5.1 Argentine economic crisis
 * 6 Politics
 * 6.1 State structure
 * 6.2 administrative divisions
 * Traffic 7
 * 8 external links

In 1816, Argentina became independent of Spainafter a short fight with the Spanish invaders, under the leadership of José de San Martín. The latter is still regarded as a hero by the Argentines. In the first years of this young nation there were various conflicts between the centrists in Madrid all clamouring and the federalists, until in 1853, when a new Constitution was adopted. In 1865 had to Argentina, which hardly had an army, cope with the land hunger of Paraguay (see: war of the Triple Alliance). In a bloody war, which lasted until 1870, knew the Argentines with their Brazilian and Uruguayan allies to defeat Paraguay. However, a large part of the fallen soldiers existed from former Black slaves who were obliged to battle. When this war ended was almost wiped out the entire black population of Argentina. In the second half of the 19th century, Buenos Aires knew a large flowering period, partly due to the arrival of thousands of migrants. New technologies (freezing of meat, railways) encouraged agriculture and livestock. New areas such as Patagonia were conquered. Immigrants from England and Wales started sheep farms on large estancias. Argentina was the second after the United States ' promised Land ' of America. Between 1880 and 1920 Argentina was one of the richest countries in the world. After a short resurgence around the second world war the country dropped finally.

Argentina was then characterized by recurrent political conflicts between Liberals and conservatives and between citizens and soldiers. After the Second World War came the populist peronism, which put the ratio at sharp. To 1983 were getting bloodier military junta's acting interspersed with authoritarian democratic Governments, which led to increasing economic problems, corruption, general dislike of politics and the defeat in the Falklands war. The defeat against Great Britain meant a loss of face that the junta no longer came to the top.

Hereinafter referred to as the four free elections made clear that democracy in Argentina got a foothold. In the late 1980s, the Government began a new economic policy, which led to high growth rates in the 90 's. In 2001, however, the economy collapsed completely.[4]  linking the peso to the dollar was not tenable, making the currency suddenly dropped in value tremendously. Irate Argentines gathered for the banks, which however were forced by the Government to freeze deposits. This led to social and political instability. In the following years, during the reign of president Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) came to this economic crisis gradually to an end. Kirchner was succeeded by his wife Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. ==Geography[ Edit] == ===Physical geography<span class="mw-editsection" len="344" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Argentina can roughly be divided into three parts: the fertile plains of the pampa's in the northern half of the country, the source of Argentina's agricultural wealth; the light hilly plateau of Patagonia in the southern half down to Tierra del Fuego, and the Rocky Andes mountain range along the western border with Chile, as the highest point with the Aconcagua (6960 m.).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Important rivers are the Paraguay, Bermejo, the Colorado, the Uruguay and the longest river, the Paraná. The last two come together in the Río de la Plata before they culminate in the Atlantic Ocean . ===Climate<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Mostly dry in the West, temperate, subtropical in the North, cold and bleak to sub-Arctic in the South.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" len="171" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [5] ===Cities<span class="mw-editsection" len="332" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="474" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The ten largest cities of Argentina (including partidos) according to the 2001 census were:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" len="171" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[6] ===Nature<span class="mw-editsection" len="332" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There are 29 national parks in Argentina, including the parks Los Glaciares, Tierra del Fuego, Nahuel Huapi, Iguazú, Ischigualasto and Talampaya. ==Demographics<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At the end of the 19th and early 20th century, many immigrants from various European countries. The Argentine population is a mixture of national and ethnic groups, where the descendants of Italian and Spanish immigrants predominant. As a result, Argentina has a Western culture.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition, live mainly in the urban areas some half a million descendants of immigrants from Syria, Lebanon and other countries in the Middle East. The original population, about 700,000 people, living mainly in the North, Northwest and the South. Mass immigration from China, Korea and Japan, however, has also ensured that Buenos Aires São Paulo after Vancouver and the largest Asian population of the American continent possesses. ===Language<span class="mw-editsection" len="330" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The only official language is Spanish, although the immigrants retain their own language have in part. The main indigenous languages are the Guaraní, spoken in the Northeast, and the Quechua, spoken in the Northwest. ===Religion<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Most Argentines are Roman Catholic. More than 90 percent of the population calls itself Catholic, although only 20 percent of them regularly go to church. Spanish settlers have brought Catholicism to South America, where it has been for a long time a factor of importance. Until recently, presidential candidates had to be Catholic. In 1994, the article that determined that the Presidents had to be Catholic deleted. ==Culture<span class="mw-editsection" len="334" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Argentine culture is strongly influenced by European culture. Buenos Aires, Argentina's cultural capital, is largely characterized by the preferences of people of European descent and of conscious imitation of European styles in architecture.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-frommer_7-0" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [7]  the other big influence on the culture is that of the Gauchos and their traditional country lifestyle of self-reliance. Finally, indigenous American traditions (like yerba mateinfusion) that are included in the general cultural environment. ===Literature<span class="mw-editsection" len="337" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === From top left: Victoria Ocampo,Julio Cortázar, Jorge Luis Borges andAdolfo Bioy Casares<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Argentina has a rich literary history and one of the most active publishing house industries in the region. Argentine writers take a prominent place in the Latin American literature since the 1850s. The battle between the Federalen and the unionists, set the tone for Argentine literature of that time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wilson_8-0" len="178" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [8]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The ideological divide between gaucho epic Martín Fierro by José Hernández, and Facundo by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento is a good example. Hernández, a federalistis, was opposed to the centralizing, modernizing and European trends. Sarmiento wrote in support of immigration as the only way to save Argentina from becoming subject to the rules of a small number of dictatorial caudillo families, arguing that such immigrants would make Argentina more modern and open for Western European influences and so a more prosperous society.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" len="171" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [9]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Argentine literature of that period was particularly nationalistic. It was followed by the modernist movement, which originated in France in the late 19th century. This period in turn was followed by the avant-garde with Ricardo Güiraldes as an important reference. Jorge Luis Borges is Argentina's most acclaimed writer, found new ways of looking at the modern world in metaphor and philosophical debate and his influence has extended to writers all over the world. Borges is most famous for his work in short stories such asFicciones and El Aleph .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Argentine literature is the basis of the literary work that is produced in Argentina. Some of the most important writers, poets and intellectuals of the country is: Juan Bautista Alberdi, Roberto Arlt, Enrique Banchs, Adolfo Bioy Casares, Jorge Luis Borges, Silvina Bullrich Shopping Mall, Eugenio Cambaceres, Julio Cortázar, Esteban Echeverría,Leopoldo Lugones, Eduardo Mallea, Ezequiel Martínez Estrada, Tomás Eloy Martínez, Victoria Ocampo, Manuel Puig, Ernesto Sabato, Osvaldo Soriano, Alfonsina Storni andMaría Elena Walsh.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The name of the country itself is also coming from a Latinism which first appeared in a literary source, epic poem La Argentina by Martin del Barco Centenera from 1602. This zompositie has 10.000 verses and describes the landscape and the conquest of the territory. The word was reintroduced in Argentina manuscrita, a prose Chronicle by Ruy Díaz de Guzmán6.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Argentine literature began around 1550 with the work of Matías Rojas de Oquendo and Pedro González de Prado (from Santiago del Estero, the first major metropolitan area in Argentina) who wrote prose and poetry.They were also inspired by the indigenous oral poetry-in particular, by the Carlos Abregu said Virreyra leales Department, juries, diaguitas and tonocotés. A symbiosis between the Aboriginal and Spanish traditions, creating a distinct literature, geographically limited (well into the 18th century) to the Argentine North and central regions, with the province of Córdoba as the focal point. This partly as a result of the creation of theNational University of Córdoba. Two names from this period Gaspar Juárez Baviano jumping forward and Antonia de la Paz y Figueroa, also known as "Beata Antula".

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">With come of the economic prosperity of the ports, the cultural axis shifted gradually to the East. During the 17th century was the Argentine Baroque bad compared to those of Europe and other parts of the new world.The only remarkable poet of this period was Fray José Luis de Tejeda, which Coronas Líricas competition and El Peregrino de Babilonia wrote. ===Visual Arts<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Benito Quinquela Martín<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">One of the most influential Argentine figures in fine arts was Xul Solar, whose surrealist made use of both Watercolour as unorthodox painting techniques. He also found two imaginary languages. The works of Cándido López and Florencio Molina Campos (naive art), Ernesto de la Cárcova and Eduardo Sivori (realism), Fernando Fader (Impressionism), Pío Collivadinoand Cesáreo Bernaldo de Quirós (post impressionism), Emilio Pettoruti (Cubist), Antonio Berni (neo-figurative), Gyula Košice (constructivism), Eduardo Mac Entyre (Generative Art),Guillermo Kuitca (abstract) and Roberto Aizenberg (surrealism) are a few of the most famous Argentine painters.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Benito Quinquela Martín, other are a typical ' port ' painter, for whom the working class district of La Boca and immigrants in particular, excellent was. A similar environment inspired Adolfo Bellocq, whose lithographs influential since the 1920s. Attractive monuments of the realistic sculptors Erminio Blotta, Lola Mora and Rogelio Yrurtia became part of the national landscape.Today, Lucio Fontana and Leon Ferrari acclaimed sculptors and conceptual artists. Ciruelo is a world-famous fantasy artist and sculptor, Marta Minujín and is an innovative conceptual artist.The "modern painters" of Argentina are a difficult to define group. They have developed a more constructivist rather than a figurative style, but this is not quite abstract. Artists of this group include Julio Barragán, Luis Seoane, Carlos Torrallardona, Luis Aquino, Atilio Malinverno and Alfredo Gramajo Gutiérrez.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Juan del Prete (later creator of the Futukubisme, a mixture of Cubism and Futurism) came out of the abstract art movement in Argentina, who in the 1940s developed from the concrete art.Tomás Maldonado is one of the most famous abstract artists.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The MADI-art movement began in Argentina in 1946. One source claims that MADI was founded as a protest against government control over the art Juan Perón.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" len="173" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [10]  while another source says that MADI not necessarily an answer to that oppression.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" len="173" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [11]  The movement spread to Europe and later the United States. Later the movement extends to Europe and the United States. He is considered the only artistic movement that was founded in Buenos Aires which has a great international influence. The movement was founded by Gyula Kosice and Carmelo Arden Quin, and Rhod Rothfuss, Martín has artists like Blaszko, Waldo Longo and Diyi Laañ. ===Architecture<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === European style in the architecture of ArgentinaArgentine Bon Marché, the inside ofGalerías PacíficoCatalinas Norte, commercial office buildings<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Numerous Argentine architects have enriched the city views of their country and, in the last decades all over the world. Juan Antonio Buschiazzo helped with popularising the Beaux-Arts architecture and Francisco Gianotti combined Art Nouveau with Italian styles. Any type added more flair to Argentine cities during the early 20th century. Francisco Salamone and Viktor Sulĉiĉ left an Art Deco legacy andAlejandro Bustillo created a rich core of rationalist architecture. Clorindo Testa introduced the New Brutalism and the local futurisische the creations of Cesar Pelli and Patricio Pouchulus graced the cities all over the world. In particular the retro by Pelli in 1980 to the glory of the Art Deco of the 1920s, made him one of the most prestigious architects of the world.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The simplicity of the Rioplatense Baroque is clearly appreciated in Buenos Aires in the works of Italian architects such as André Blanquiand Antonio Masella, in the churches of San Ignacio, Nuestra Señora del Pilarand the Cathedral of Buenos Aires Cabildo.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Italian and French influences increased after the independence war in the early 19th century, even though the academic style stand kept until the first decades of the 20th century. Attempts at renovation took place during the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th when the European tendencies penetrated into the country. This can be found in many important buildings in Buenos Aires, such as the Santa Felicitam by Ernesto BungeChurch, the central post office and the Palace of Justice, by Norbert Maillartand the National Congress and the Colón Opera House by Vittorio Meano.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The architecture of the second half of the 20th century remained the adjustments of the French neoclassical architecture, as the headquarters of the National Bank of Argentina and the NH Gran Hotel Provincial, built by Alejandro Bustillo , and the Museo de Arte Hispano Fernández Blanco Martín Noel 's.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the beginning of the 1930s, however, was the influence of the rationalist architecture of Le Corbusier and dominate at the local architects, among whom Amancio Williams Alberto Prebisch and stand out. After 1950 the building of skyscrapers to spread in Buenos Aires, although a new generation began with the rejection of these "brutality" and tried to find its own architectural identity.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">This search for identity is reflected in the headquarters of the Banco de Londres y América del Sur completed in 1967 by Clorindo Testa with Diego Peralta Ramos, Alfredo Agostini and Santiago Sánchez Elia. In the following decades took the new generations of architects, as always, the European avant-garde styles and new techniques on.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Since the end of the 20th century, Argentine architects become more prominent in the design of the important real estate projects in the country, such as the Le Parc Tower andTorre Aqualina by Mario Roberto Álvarez and the Torre Fortabat by Sánchez Elia, as well as around the world, especially the Norwest Center and the Petronas Twin Towers ofCesar Pelli. ===Film and theatre<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Teatro Colon is considered as one of the five best concert halls in the world.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Argentine film industry makes about 80 feature films per year.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-frommer_7-1" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [7]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cine_12-0" len="178" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[12]  The world first for animated films and was released in Argentina, by cartoonist Quirino Cristiani in 1917 and 1918.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" len="173" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [13]  since the 1980s, have acquired Argentine films worldwide recognition. Examples include La historia oficial (Oscar for best foreign film in 1986), Hombre mirando al sudeste, Un lugar en el mundo, Nueve reinas, El hijo de la novia, Diarios de motocicleta, Iluminados por el fuego and El secreto de sus ojos (winner of the Academy Award for best foreign language film in 2009. A new generation of Argentine Directors has drawn the attention of critics worldwide.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" len="173" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [14]  The Argentine composers Luis Enrique Bacalov and Gustavo Santaolalla are honored with the Academy Award for best original score. Lalo Schifrin has received numerous Grammys and is best known for "Theme from Mission: Impossible.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Buenos Aires is one of the great capitals of theater.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wilson_8-1" len="178" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [8]  The Teatro Colón is a national monument for opera and classical performances; the acoustics are considered to be the best in the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-frommer_7-2" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [7]  with its theatre scene of national and international caliber Corrientes Avenue is synonymous with art. It is seen as ' the street that never sleeps ' and sometimes referred to as the Broadway of Buenos Aires.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" len="173" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [15]  The Teatro General San Martín is one of the most prestigious along Corrientes Avenue and the Teatro Nacional Cervantesfunctions as the theatre with the national stage by Argentina. The Teatro Argentino de La Plata, Teatro El Círculo in Rosario, Teatro Independencia in Mendoza and Libertador Theatre in Córdoba are also prominent. Griselda Gambaro, Roberto Cossa, Copi, Marco Denevi, Alberto Vaccarezza and Carlos Gorostiza are a few of the more prominent Argentine playwrights. Julio Bocca, Jorge Donn, José Neglia and Norma Fontenla are some of the great ballet dancers of modern times. ===Cultural heritage<span class="mw-editsection" len="344" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ==Economy<span class="mw-editsection" len="335" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Argentina benefits from a generous amount of natural resources, a highly literate population, an export -oriented on the agricultural sector and varied industry. As of the end of the 80 's of the 20th century, however, the international debt ran high, and when the Government needed money printed them just new pesos at still every now and then, something is done. Thereby shot the inflation steeply up to 200% and collapsed in the production because of mismanagement and corruption. Also the last 2 years the prices of almost all products to 40% has gone up while wages have remained at the same level. To deal with the economic crisis, the Government decided to put the road in to free trade, deregulation and privatisation. In 1991 found a radical monetary reform, which the peso connected with the US dollar and monetary growth limited to the growth of the national reserves. ===Argentine economic crisis<span class="mw-editsection" len="357" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Argentina got off to end the 90 's of the 20th century a 3,000 percentinflation .<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Initially, the reforms a success. Inflation dropped and the gross national product rose. But consecutive economic crises in Mexico, Asia, Russia and Brazil led to an even greater economic crisis starting from 1999. The Government went on to tax increases and spending cuts to reduce the budget deficit, which was increased to 2.5% of GDP in 1999.Domestic and international investors, however, continued to doubt whether the Government could resolve the debts and the fixed exchange rate between peso and dollar could maintain.
 * Jesuit missions of the Guaraní (partly available in Brazil)
 * San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto, Santa Maria Mayor Sao Miguel das Missoes ,
 * Cueva de las Manos
 * Valdéspeninsula
 * Jesuits quarter and Estancias of Córdoba
 * Quebrada de Humahuaca

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 2001 the situation deteriorated even more by the growth of the number of bonds, mass withdrawals from banks and a further fall of consumer and producer confidence.Attempts by the Government to achieve a balanced budget in order to stabilize the banking system and restore economic growth to produce insufficient results were found. The newly elected president Eduardo Duhalde knew of the International Monetary Fund to obtain a loan of $ 20 billion, but further measures seemed to stay out. In January 2002 the peso disconnected from the dollar. Was great chaos by the mandatory conversion of all dollar funds and contracts in pesos. ==Politics<span class="mw-editsection" len="335" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===State Structure<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The Argentine Parliament building in Buenos AiresProvinces of Argentina<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Argentine Constitution of 1853 (revised in 1994), made a separation of powers between the Executive, legislative and judicial power, both at the national and provincial level. The president and Vice President are directly elected for four years. Both may serve two consecutive terms but, but after a period of at least one term between they may apply for a third term. The president appoints the ministers. The Constitution gives him considerable power in its double function of head of State and head of Government. He has among other things the possibility in "compelling and necessary" situations to issue presidential decrees and a veto on parts to speak out. The currenthead of State and head of Government is Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, the wife of Néstor Kirchner, the previous head of State. Cristina Kirchner was on 10 december2007 as presidente by her husband sworn in the Parliament building in Buenos Aires.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" len="173" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [16]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Argentine Parliament (National Congress/Congreso Nacional) consists of the Senate (Senado) with 72 seats and a Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) with 257 seats. The senators are directly elected since 2001, with every province, including the federal capital, represented by three Senators. Senators have a term of six years, delegates of four years. Elections are held every two years for a third of the Senate seats and half of the delegates. Both Chambers are elected via proportional representation. ===Administrative divisions<span class="mw-editsection" len="348" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Argentina can be divided into six regions:

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The country is divided in 23 provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular: provincia) and one federal district (Spanish: distrito federal), in which the capital is located. These provinces are divided into departments, except the province of Buenos Aires who divided into partidos. ==Traffic<span class="mw-editsection" len="334" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Buenos Aires has an international Airport. The national airline is Aerolíneas Argentinas, which together with subsidiary Austral maintains a reasonably extensive domestic networks. In addition, LAN foreign flights.
 * Pampas
 * Mesopotamia
 * Chaco
 * Northwest Argentina
 * Cuyo
 * Patagonia

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The net of passenger trains is limited to a distance of 400 km from Buenos Aires with some foothills to further destinations. With a single exception, all connections through the capital. In addition, there are some tourist routes. The cargo treinennet is more extensive.

<p lang="en" len="73" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Throughout the country there is a functioning network of buses.