Foreign Affairs of Netherlands

The foreign relations of the Kingdom of the Netherlands focuses on political, economic and social participation on the international stage. In the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands foreign relations are defined as a Koninkrijksaangelegenheid. This means that the Kingdom maintains its international relations for four countries and that the countries within the Kingdom can maintain a separate external relations.



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[hide] *constitutional design 1  ==Constitutional design[ Edit] == The basis of the foreign policy is laid down in the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Netherlands Constitution, the Constitution of Aruba, the Constitution of the Netherlands Antilles and the Constitution of Sint Maarten. This includes the powers of all Ministers, status countries and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs established.
 * 1.1 Current Ministers
 * General policy 2
 * 2.1 transatlantic cooperation
 * 2.2 European integration
 * 2.3 Caribbean contacts
 * 2.3.1 France
 * 2.3.2 Venezuela
 * 2.4 development cooperation
 * international law 2.5
 * 2.6 international organisations
 * 3 former colonies
 * 4 see also

Despite that in the Statute on Foreign Affairs is designated as an exclusive Koninkrijksaangelegenheid -which means that only the Kingdom may have external relations, individual countries have the Statute-partial external relations. These relations are especially applicable to contacts, treaties and unions with neighbouring countries, which no other statute countries. So maintains State Secretary Ben Knapen (in General) on behalf of the Netherlands Dutch relations with the European Union and maintains Prime Minister Mike Eman (in General) on behalf of Aruba Aruban relations with the Caribbean Community, while the Kingdom is a member of both organizations. This is because the Kingdom possesses international sovereignty . In the conclusion of treaties give the estates of Aruba, Kingdom of Curaçao, the Dutch House of representatives and the States of Sint Maarten separately in consultation with the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom a Declaration of Validity for their own jurisdiction. ===Current Ministers[ Edit] === The Kingdom has several people that play a role in the formation and implementation of foreign policy. These Ministers are: (*) Under ministerial responsibility of the Prime Minister of the Kingdom


 * His Majesty King Willem-Alexander
 * Mark Rutte


 * Frans Timmermans


 * <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">Mike Eman

==General policy<span class="mw-editsection" len="354" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1995 the Dutch Government introduced a recalibration of the main foreign policy themes, organization and funding. The document "The Netherlands's foreign policy: a review" outlined the new direction of Dutch foreign policy. Netherlands sets priorities as:
 * <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:inherit;">Lilianne Ploumen

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">This revision of the foreign policy also resulted in a reorganization of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. By establishing regional divisions were divided about the Ministry coordinates tasks previously committees for international cooperation, Foreign Affairs and Economic Affairs and so on. ===Trans-Atlantic cooperation<span class="mw-editsection" len="369" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Dutch security policy is based primarily on NATOmembership, which in 1949 was founded by Netherlands. Within this Alliance possible NATO nuclear weapons stationed in Netherlands. It is thought that these are located at Volkel air base. However, nothing has been confirmed.
 * 1) Promoting European integration,
 * 2) Maintaining relations with neighbouring countries,
 * 3) Ensuring European security and stability (especially via the via NATO and the important role the United States plays in the security of Europe),
 * 4) Participating in conflict management and peacekeeping missions.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Dutch strive also to defence cooperation within Europe, both multilaterally-among other things in the context of the European security and defence policy of the EU and bilateral, as in the German-Dutch Military Corps. In the past years, Netherlands contributed greatly to peacekeeping operations by the UN around the world and to the Stabilization Force (SFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ===European integration<span class="mw-editsection" len="358" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Netherlands is a strong supporter of European integration, and most aspects of their foreign, economic and trade policies are coordinated by the European Union (EU). The Dutch postwar Customs Union with Belgium and Luxembourg (the Benelux) paved the way for the formation of the European Community (predecessor of the EU), Netherlands was also one of the founders of the EC. Also the abolition of checks at the internal borders of the Benelux was a model for the Schengen Agreement, that today has 29 European signatories (including Netherlands). These countries have agreed to a common visa policy and free movement of persons to settle on the common borders.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Netherlands was the Foundation of the Maastricht Treaty (closed in 1992) and is the architect of the Treaty of Amsterdam, that was closed in 1998. Netherlands has thus played an important role in the European political and monetary integration, so was the Dutchman Wim Duisenberg to 2003 head of the European Central Bank. In addition it was the Dutch Finance Minister, Gerrit Zalm, the main critic of the violation of the stability and growth pact by France and Germany in 2004 and 2005. ===Caribbean contacts<span class="mw-editsection" len="359" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Ministry of Foreign Affairs also maintains ties in the Caribbean. So the Kingdom on behalf of Aruba acting member of the Caribbean Community and maintains good ties with Jamaica and Curaçao Dominican Republic. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs also provides on behalf of the Ministry of health, welfare and Sport the access to medical care by inhabitants of the Dutch municipalities in the Caribbean. With the Government ofColombia (for Bonaire) and the Board of the French Department of Guadeloupe (for Saba and St. Eustatius) are arrangements to access specialist care in order to guarantee Caribbean Netherlands . ====France<span class="mw-editsection" len="348" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On the island of Sint Maarten, the Kingdom of the Netherlands a frontier with the French Republic. The Dutch Sint Maarten borders autonomous country here at the French Collectivité de Saint-Martin. Although the island is already split in 1648 became by means of the Treaty of Concordia, was the final border in 1817 only a determined. While neither the Dutch nor the French part of Saint Martin to the European Schengen area belongs, Netherlands and France have closed a number of treaties, that allows freedom of movement on the island. The most recently closed Convention is a Convention for uniform border controls on the (two) airports of the island. ====Venezuela<span class="mw-editsection" len="348" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The relationship between the Kingdom and Venezuela is not flawless. Both countries accusing each other of violating the airspace. Defense specialist and Professor of international relations Ko Colijn describes the relationship between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the United States, on the one hand, and its ally Venezuela on the other hand, if: <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">According to Campbell stood in 2005 a possible invasion of Venezuela on the Dutch ABC Islands (which are only a few kilometers from the Venezuelan coast) on the Dutch political and diplomatic agenda.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RNW_1-1" len="188" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  In 2010 a report of the Dutch Ministry of defence also States that "the assertive Chávez politics a danger and that he could possible Curaçao attacks".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RNW_1-2" len="188" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [1]  At the cuts made by the Department of defense in 2011, made by thecabinet Rutte I, was not cut in the Dutch armed forces in the Caribbean. ===Development Cooperation<span class="mw-editsection" len="364" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Netherlands belongs (in proportion to the GDP) to the world's largest lenders for development cooperation. The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs gives € 4.7 billion to official development cooperation (ODA), which is approximately 0.7% of the gross national Product (GNP).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]  Netherlands is one of the five countries in the world that meets at least the UN target 0.7% of GNP to development cooperation. Netherlands always wears large amounts at the via support through multilateral channels, in particular the United Nations Development Programme, the international financial institutions, and EU programs. A large part of the Dutch aid funds is also used to finance so-called co-financing organisations, which have freedom of choice in their project choice.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition, Netherlands member of the European Bank for reconstruction and development, which recently took the lead in economic reforms in Eastern Europe. Netherlands also is a big proponent of reaching peace in the Arab-Israeli conflict. In 1998 pulled one over 29 million dollars for contributing to different international donor-coordinated activities by Israel in the occupied territories. The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs also works for some projects directly with Palestinian Authority. These projects include improving the environment and support for multilateral programs in cooperation with local non-governmental organizations. In 1998, Netherlands also considerable support to the former Yugoslavia and to countries in Africa. Also wear both the US Department of State, as the Dutch population consistently to emergency aid for victims of natural disasters, such as Hurricane Mitch in Central America, the 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia and more later disasters in Pakistan and Burma. ===International law<span class="mw-editsection" len="360" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A centuries-old tradition of legal science, international diplomacy and the Hague Dutch neutrality has the seat of the International Court of Justice, the Permanent Court of arbitration, the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Court (ICC) is created. In addition, also in the Hague the head offices of the pan-European Police Organization, Europol, and the organisation for the prohibition of chemical weapons established. ===International organisations<span class="mw-editsection" len="367" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">As a relatively small country trying the Kingdom of the Netherlands generally her interests in foreign policy on equal level with the interests of multilateral organisations. International treaties are always drawn and negotiated by the Kingdom of the Netherlands in consultation with the countries of the Kingdom, after which they are treated in the States General. The Treaty also run for the whole realm, because the Kingdom aboutsovereignty international property. Next, give the States of Aruba, Kingdom of Curaçao, the Dutch House of representatives and the States of Sint Maarten separately in consultation with the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom a Declaration of Validity for their own jurisdiction.

<p lang="en" len="1382" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Netherlands is an active participant in the United Nations and other multilateral organizations such as the Organization for security and cooperation in Europe, the organisation for economic cooperation and development(OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Founded In 1980 in the Netherlands along with Belgium Dutch language Union. ==Former colonies<span class="mw-editsection" len="359" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == The Kingdom of the Netherlands with colonies between ± 1875 and 1949<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the removal of the West India Company, the Dutch East India Company and after the Napoleonic wars and the London Convention of 1814, many many Dutch colonies in other hands hit. Especially the British benefited from the Treaty of London from 1814, which renounced the new Kingdom of about half of the old possessions of the Dutch West India Company and the Dutch East India Company. after a restructuring, which lasted until 1875 (and including the Dutch on July 1, 1863 slavery was abolished) Netherlands had only three colonies.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Queen Wilhelminadid In 1942, as a direct result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the commitment to the colonies for autonomy and independence, but these colonies would, however, be not independent. After the Second World War in 1949 Dutch East Indies became independent under the name Indonesia. However,Dutch New Guinea remained Dutch. In 1954 were the words of Queen Wilhelmina became a reality, when on 15 december 1954 the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands was signed. The former colonies autonomy were countries within the Kingdom, since then, the Kingdom attract Federal .<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [3]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[4]. Dutch New Guinea, however, remained a colony of the Netherlands.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Dutch control of the colony wore-Netherlands New Guinea after much international pressure over to Indonesia, whereby all colonies were raised and the Kingdom was divided only over Europe, the Caribbean and South America. As a result of the Curaçao rebellion Trinta di mei obtained, the autonomous country Suriname after hefty Dutch pressure full independence in 1975.Aruba obtained a status apartein 1986. In 2010 big political reforms again took place in the Caribbean part of the Kingdom.