Paris

Paris is the capital and seat of Government of France. It's also a Department. With 2.25 million inhabitants in the municipality of Paris itself and over 11 million in the whole urban area, including the banlieues (suburbs) and the commuter towns around it, it is the largest city in France and the ninth city in Europe (and the fourth City area of Europe, after Moscow, Istanbul and London). According to the estimates of the Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques in Paris without the city had 2.257.981 inhabitants the agglomerations 2009 (Parisians, in French Parisiens and Parisiennes), while this there including the agglomerations in 1999were all 11.174.740. [1]  [2]  [3]

The full surface of Paris and all agglomerations is 2723 km². [4]  the city is divided by the river Seine. Paris was founded on the Île de la Cité, but has now become so great that the city covers an area of seven hills. In this area formerly separate villages, which are now a part of Paris. Paris is now in addition to London, New York and Tokyoregarded as one of the four major world cities.

In Europe and in the world was Paris early on a center of culture. The city lies at a crossroads of all sorts of different trade routes. The city is nowadays very internationally oriented thanks to an extensive infrastructure on land and in the air. Paris In 2004 was visited by a record number of tourists (25 million), according to figures from the Office du Tourisme et des Congrès de la capitale française. [5]

Already in the 10th century, when the Notre Dame and a number of monasteries were built, Paris was one of the most important cities in France and in addition an important place for the Christianity. Since the 13th century is a city where art and education, recreation a very central role. This development is historically partly reflected the centralistpolicy that has been conducted within France for centuries when this is a Republic and a monarchy was. Within the framework of this politics was very much meaning to the capital awarded. Since the 1960s, the political decentralization within France marked by policy and devolution, making something more balance within the national borders originated.



Content
[hide] *Name 1  ==Name[ Edit] == ===Etymologie[ Edit] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The name Paris derives from a Gallic tribe, the Parisii, and in fact a shortening of the Latin expression Civitas Parisiorum ("city of the Parisii").<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [6]  this name has replacedLutetia. In the time of the Roman Empire were the Parisii likewise near East Riding of Yorkshire were found. About the ultimate origin of the name of this tribe is no certainty.The name of the Parisii is likewise in the place names Villeparisis, Cormeilles-en-Parisis, Fontenay-en-Parisis and the entire region Parisis. An alternative explanation thatRabelais referred to not seriously gives in his Gargantua is that Paris would be a contraction of the name par ris, meaning "to laugh" means.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [7] ===Nicknames<span class="mw-editsection" len="321" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Parisians sometimes colloquially to denote the city itself with Paname. The city is also known to many as the city of lights or the city of love.
 * 1.1 Etymology
 * 1.2 Nicknames
 * 2 Geography
 * 2.1 Topography
 * 2.2 hydrography
 * geological history 2.3
 * 2.4 Climate
 * 3 History
 * 3.1 Prehistory/ancient times
 * 3.2 middle ages
 * 3.3 Renaissance and enlightenment
 * 3.4 modern times
 * 4 demographics
 * 4.1 suburbs
 * Demographic development 4.2
 * 5 Culture
 * 5.1 nightlife
 * 5.2 pop festivals
 * 5.3 Theatre
 * 5.4 food and drinks
 * 5.5 Shopping
 * 5.6 Architecture
 * 6 main sights
 * 6.1 monuments and buildings
 * 6.2 churches and cathedrals
 * 6.3 Museums
 * 6.4 Bridges
 * 6.5 Squares
 * 6.6 gardens and parks
 * 6.7 other places and buildings
 * 6.8 area attractions
 * 7 politics and Government
 * traffic and transport 8
 * 8.1 air traffic
 * 8.2 road traffic
 * 8.3 public transport
 * 8.4 bicycle traffic
 * 8.5 railways
 * 9 Media
 * 9.1 Tv
 * 9.2 Newspapers
 * 10 Famous Parisians
 * 11 town twinning
 * 12 see also
 * 13 external links
 * footnotes 14
 * 15 Literature

<p lang="en" len="168" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Although the official French name Parisiens/Parisiennes is, are Parisians, notably South-French colloquially also called called Parigots/Parigotes . ==Geography<span class="mw-editsection" len="322" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Topography<span class="mw-editsection" len="323" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris is located in the North of France, in the region of Île-de-France and by the river Seine. The real historical centre is built on two islands, Île Saint-Louis and the largerÎle de la Cité which is the oldest part of the city. Paris is generally relatively flat, with the lowest point 35 metres above sea level. Paris is on each side of the River a number of hills: the Montmartre (430 ft),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8]  the Belleville (128.5 metres) which opens onto the rue du Télégraphe, the Ménilmontant (108 metres), the Buttes-Chaumont (103 metres), the Passy (71 meters) and the Chaillot (67 meters). East of the Seine are the hills of Montparnasse (66 feet), Butte-aux-Cailles (63 metres) and Montagne Sainte-Geneviève (61 metres).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1844 was the actual city of Paris by the city wall of Thiers separated from the suburbs. At the last major annexation by Paris in 1860 of the surrounding areas has been given its current size, and since that time it included the current twenty arrondissements.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" len="158" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [9]  In the 1920s the town was once again expanded with 8.9 km². In 1929 were the parks Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes officially added to Paris, making the current region covers an area of 105,39 km². Without these two parks, the total surface by 86,928 Paris km². Today, the city of the suburbs separated by a 35-km-long ring road, the Boulevard Périphérique, which is the historic center of Paris via the Portes de Paris connects with the suburbs. ===Hydrography<span class="mw-editsection" len="324" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Canal Saint-Martin<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Seine River flows to the Southeast side of Paris the city within the city and flows on the South Western side out again. Across the river Seine run more than thirty bridges from one city to another part. Two other smaller rivers that flows through Paris, the Bièvre and the insider in 1825 Canal Saint-Martin, which is partly under the rue du Faubourg-du-Temple by flowing and the end part of the 108 km long Canal de l'Ourcq. This channel flows under the Place de la Bastille before it slightly upstream of the Île Saint-Louis in the Seine flows. It rises from the basin of Villette the 4.5 km long Canal Saint-Denis, which is opened in 1821 .<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [10] ===Geological history<span class="mw-editsection" len="337" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Paris Basin consists of a large number of sediment layers. The oldest layers are in the Quartier d'Auteuil (16th arrondissement) found and dating to the Sparnacian.They consist of sand and clay. The slightly younger layers date from the Lutetian and consist of gypsum and limestone.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mnhn.fr_11-0" len="168" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [11]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Paris Basin has about 41 million years ago shaped like an inland sea that was surrounded by the Vosges mountains, the Massif Central and the Armorican massif.With the formation of the Alps, the basin is largely closed. It remained open in the direction of the channel and the Atlantic Ocean, making the river basins for the Loire and the Seine were formed. At the end of the Oligocene was the Paris Basin become continental.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [12]  In the Paris catacombs becomes apart from limestone and gypsum also many French sandstone (clearly Calcaire lutétien) found.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mnhn.fr_11-1" len="168" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [11]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The limestone is up to and including the 14th century used for buildings, from the Place d'Italie up to the Rue de Vaugirard. Limestone is nowadays in other parts of France won, for example near Saint-Maximin. Plaster is mainly won in Montmartre and Bagneux.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Paris Basin is one of the first places in the world which a geological map was created. On this basis, Georges Cuvier many of his ideas in the field of paleontology and comparative anatomy developed. Paul Lemoine In 1911 showed that the Paris Basin is formed from concentric dugouts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [13]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[14]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The urbanization of Paris has also had a major influence on the hydrogeology of the city. In the 19th century had to be from the point of view of hygiene vaulted the Bièvre.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the soil groundwater reservoirs are large present under Paris. They are using artesian Springs operated. ===Climate<span class="mw-editsection" len="320" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris has a maritime climate with small thermal amplitudes (no extremely high or low temperatures). The city of kent-compared to the rest of France-pretty cool summers with an average temperature of 18 ° c. Winters are fairly mild with little snow and an average temperature between 3 ° c and 8 ° c. Spring and autumn in Paris expired usually mild. The average annual rainfall is 650 mm with light rainfall fairly distributed throughout the year. The highest temperature ever in Paris was 40.4 ° c on 28 July 1948, and the lowest was − 23.9 ° c on 10 december 1879.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [15] Panoramic view of the Seine with the Pont Saint-Michel left and right the Notre-Dame==History<span class="mw-editsection" len="325" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Prehistory/Ancient Times<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Caldarium from the Roman terms of Cluny.Reconstructed map of the Paris of 1223.The Île de la Cité in the 15th-century book of hours the Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In all likelihood, was the area where the current Paris is all throughout the inhabited Neolithic . There are traces found from the Chasseenperiod (4000-3800 BC) by a resident in the area to the right bank of the Seine (what is now the 12th District is located).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [17]  there are also remnants recovered from the so-called village of Bercy that ca. 400 years before the beginning of the Christian era must have stood on the site of Paris. These remains are now on display at the Musée Carnavalet.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In [http://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=nl&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F52_v.Chr. 52 BC] Julius Caesar captured Vercingetorix in the face of opposition from the village of the Parisii to which he gave the name Lutetia Parisiorum then. The place was strategically important trade routes along this place performed. Where exactly was the formerly Gallic settlement is not known, it is possible that this is not on the site of the actual Paris was but around the current Nanterre.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [18]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the 1st century is on the left bank of the Seine according to the chessboard pattern a new Roman city built. Lutetia counted at that time five-à six thousand inhabitants and was thus no longer than a medium-sized Galician city, unlike some other cities such as Lugdunum (modern Lyon) were much larger (in the 2nd century, Lugdunum probably between 50,000 and 80,000 inhabitants).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">According to tradition, was in the third century Lutetia by Dionysius of Paris renamed a Christian city. When the Roman Empire in decline hit, was engulfed by the Large migrationLutetia, where many residents to flee the fortified île de la Cité .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris In spring 451 was attacked by Attila the Hun. The Parisii and the girl, the later Genoveva or Geneviève, patron saint of the city withstood the attacks of the Huns. The siege and the attacks of the Huns were unsuccessful and they drooped down to Orléans. ===Middle Ages<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 506 King Clovis I made from Lutetia the capital of the Frankish Kingdom. In the 8th century was there for the first a church built on the other side of the Seine, the Église Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais Church. In 845 the Vikings the first looting by place, to which an end until almost a century later came with the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">France was ruled by 987 from the House of Capet, who initially elected as domicile above Paris Orléans . In the course of the 11th century, however, Paris was the main center of the French education and Royal power. Louis VI was the first French King who established themselves permanently in Paris. Still later Philip II have become known built fence around the city. In this period, Paris also becomes more of a International Trade Center, thanks to the direct connection to the Foire du Lendit in nearby Saint-Denis.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1163 Bishop Maurice de Sully began with the construction of the Notre-Dame.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the 13th century was the right bank of the Seine, which until then was drained marshy. It was also at this time under King Louis IX driven more and more trade with theHanseatic League and became the first appointed provosts including Étienne Boileau, creating so a double control system came into being.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [19]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Due to the flourishing trade Paris was becoming increasingly important. During the 14th century the population had grown to 200,000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-paris.fr_20-0" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [20]  Paris was thus grown larger than London.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [21]  however, In 1328 the city got to do with the plague, whereby the population waned for a time.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">When King Charles V are fence around Paris were built, the current 3rd and 4th arrondissement to the city added. The fence stretched from Pont Royal to Porte Saint-Denis.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The hundred years ' war meant that Panahi Etienne Marcel of the discontent among the people benefited to get more power for themselves. This he did through his Great Council regulation 1357 and the unprovoked rebellion of 22 February 1358. The King stayed at that time not in the center of the city, but later destroyed in the Hôtel Saint-Pol and theHôtel des Tournelles. In 1407 broke in response to the execution of Louis I, the civil war between the Armagnacs and Bourguignons from. This fight would take to 1420 .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Starting from 1420 Paris was occupied by the English. In 1429 Joan of arc I managed not to liberate Paris from the English. His son Charles VII and Louis XI resided not much more in Paris because it had become a dangerous city. Instead, they chose the Loire Valley as principal residence.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">When the occupation finally behind it was, there was again much construction activity takes place. Remains of this are the Pont Neuf and the gardens of Luxembourg(Luxembourg Gardens). Between 1422 and 1500 took the Paris population of 100,000 to 150,000. ===Renaissance and enlightenment<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Paris in 1618.Storming of the Bastille Saint-Antoine during the French Revolution.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1528, King Francis I in Paris and had to be certain that there is now taught in the physical sciences and the humanism. To do this, he founded the Collège de France in 1530 on. In the same time the number of inhabitants increased from Paris to 280,000, with which Paris remained the largest Christian city in the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-paris.fr_20-1" len="169" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [20]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On 24 August 1572 took place under King Charles IX the Bartholomew's night place. The French Catholic League during the day of the barricades by 1588, the Catholic Leaguein rebellion against Henry III, who fled and was killed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [22]  In 1594 Henry IV became the new King after to have repented.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A new day of the barricades (1648) heralded the beginning of the Fronde in, a period that has been marked by an economic crisis and mistrust of the King.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [23]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1677, Louis XIV chose Versailles as a residence. Five years later the French Government was also located here, and Jean-Baptiste Colbert took control of Paris in itself. During his reign has Louis XIV visited Paris only 24 times, what are hostility to the Parisian population draw.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [24]  Despite a mortality rate that was higher than the birth rate grew the Parisian population in this time anyway to 400,000. This was due to the large-scale immigration from the countryside.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">During the Paris Lighting was popular place for the salons. The most famous salon of the time Marie-Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin's is. In the same period there was a strong economic and demographic growth, leaving Paris on the eve of the French Revolution had already 640,000 inhabitants.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [25]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Regent Philippe II, Duke of Orléans in Versailles in 1715 swapped for the Palais-Royal. The young Louis XV settled initially in Paris, later to return to the Palace of Versailles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [26] at that time formed the Jardin du Luxembourg the eastern boundary of the city. In 1749 Louis XV decided the current Place de la Concorde and in 1752, he founded a military training on.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[27]  In 1754 he also decided to build a church, which later has become known as the Panthéon.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [28]

<p lang="en" len="790" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On 14 July 1789 the storming of the Bastille took place, an event that ushered the French Revolution . ===Modern Time<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Urinal in Paris about 1865 (Avenue du Maine).The Colonne Vendômeomgehaalde during the Paris Commune.The German occupation of Paris during the Second World War.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">During the reign of Napoleon III was thoroughly renovated Paris by Georges-Eugène Haussmann. Many miners lived In Paris in small houses. District for district was demolished, after which Paris with wide boulevards, avenues and large squares was built up again. That also made it easier to control the population of Paris. The best known of those new avenues is the Avenue des Champs-Élysées. The houses in Paris all have a light color, because they are built with limestone . Near Paris were many limestone quarries.

<p lang="en" len="695" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">One of the blackest days in the history of Paris was 28 may 1871, when 20,000 Parisians lost their lives during a revolt if the Paris Commune the history is entered.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">During the Third Republic broke a flowering period that has come to be known as the belle époque. To this period came with the outbreak of the first world war to an end. Paris was during this war not occupied, but the society during the inter-war years were disrupted and hit the contrasts between the social classes become very sharp. During theSecond World War was Paris in June 1940 taken by the Germans. On 25 August 1944 Paris was released.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">During the Fifth Republic Paris jumped back on, for example, in 1958 the Spot public pour l'aménagement de La Défense (EPAD) was set up, that the development of the business district, just outside Paris, La Défense would coordinate. Was started In 1963 with the construction of a bypass of Paris, the Boulevard Périphérique.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Under Mayor Jacques Chirac (1977-1995) and his successor Jean Tibéri (1995-2001) sneak in there in the municipality of Paris all kinds of corrupt practices in. The predominantly conservative population of Paris in 2001, and, if enough that they get a socialist mayor, Bertrand Delanoe, to prefer, and that despite the fact that he openly for plays to be homosexual. On 27 October 2005 vomiting there serious riots in the Parisian banlieue, where young people with massive destruction lives with the riot police. The riots held more than two weeks. ==Demographics<span class="mw-editsection" len="324" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The actual municipality Paris and Department also has about 2.257.981 inhabitants on 10 525 hectares, representing a 20,400 inhabitants per km². The region Île-de-France region in North-Central France 12 million inhabitants.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris is known for its multicultural society. Pull immigrants since the middle ages towards Paris, of the Dutch and Swedish students who come to the student quarter quartier Latinpulled in the 14th century to the current East Africans andAsians in the Goutte d'Or.

<p lang="en" len="95" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The largest groups of foreign descent who live in Paris now come from the following countries:

===Suburbs<span class="mw-editsection" len="324" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Satellite photo of the agglomeration of Paris. To this is plain to see is that the urbanization has spread along the valleys and the roads along the riverbank.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Between 1870 and 1940, Paris got a new face. Under Napoleon III, the city was already adapted to demographic change, but until 1860, the city was not extended beyond theenceinte de Thiers. As a result of the so-called rural exodus in combination with economic growth was, however, hit the overcrowded city. The concept also arose at this time was more of the banlieue and région parisienne spoken than of the city of Paris. The problems relating to infrastructure were only resolved in 1961, when Paul Delouvrier at the request of Charles de Gaulle with the construction of five planned cities and the Réseau express régional began. This extension was also accompanied by a further spread of the administrative power.
 * Immigrants from Spain and Portugal arrived primarily between 1950 and 1975. From 1975 the influx took dissimilar to, among other things as a result of the democratization of Spain and Portugal.
 * Immigrants from Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt mostly came from 1950 to 2000. Since a few years there will be less people from these countries.
 * Immigrants from Central Africa and South Africa came from 1975. In recent years their numbers continue to rise.
 * Immigrants from Viet Nam ( VietnameseandChinese Vietnamese ) came during the war that there was in progress. The immigrants came mainly between 1960 and 1980.Their number remains stable although there are less and less in recent years immigrants from Viet Nam have been added. The number of immigrants from China (Chinese French) is increased in recent years. Paris is home to the largest Chinese community of Europe.<sup class="noprint nopopups" len="421" style="line-height:1;"> [source? ] Paris has 3 Chinese neighborhoods. The 13th district has the most Chinese facilities.
 * Immigrants from France's colonies such as Guadeloupe, Martinique and French Polynesia came between 1960 and 2000. Their number remains stable.
 * Immigrants from Eastern Europe such as Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria came only from the accession to the European Union: Poland and Hungary in 2004 and 2007 for Bulgaria and Romania. Their number continues to rise sharply.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">While the total population of Paris has remained more or less stable for a long time, the number of people that live in the banlieues since the end of the 19th century has risen sharply. At the beginning of the 21st century lives almost 80% of the total population in the Parisian banlieues. ===Demographic development<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The figure shows the progress of the population (source: INSEE-counts). ==Culture<span class="mw-editsection" len="321" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Moulin Rouge===Nightlife<span class="mw-editsection" len="327" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Moulin Rouge and Le Lido are famous nightclubs in Paris, where many shows take place. There are also many elite nightclubs where there is a strict door policy exists, and where very high prices be asked. At most clubs should be paid there entrance. The popular nightlife of the Parisian youth focuses nowadays in the streets just to the East and North-East of Place de la Bastille. ===Pop Festivals<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Theatre<span class="mw-editsection" len="321" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Opéra Garnier<p lang="en" len="58" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris has a number of well known and lesser known theatres:
 * Rock en Seine
 * Villette Sonique (end of May)

===Food and drinks<span class="mw-editsection" len="329" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Café de Flore in the 11th arrondissement<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There are now a total ca. 8000 restaurants, ranging from ten three-star restaurants to many bistros and cafés where one can order a menu. Almost all cuisines of the world are represented in Paris.
 * Opéra Bastille
 * Opéra Garnier
 * Opéra Comique
 * Théâtre du Châtelet
 * Théâtre de l ' Odéon
 * Cité de la musique
 * Salle Pleyel

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There are many restaurants with terrace in Paris. In France, however, sit on the sunny terrace is a lot more expensive than drinking inside to the bar. ===Shopping<span class="mw-editsection" len="322" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Galeries LafayetteRue de Rivoli<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris is famous for its shopping opportunities in the field of fashion, from simple to haute couture, and perfumes. Most stores open at 09.00 am and close at 7 pm. On Sunday everything is closed, apart from markets and small grocery stores, and stores that are close to tourist attractions. In the 4th arrondissement are the stores in the neighborhoods of the Marais and Île Saint-Louis opened.

<p lang="en" len="76" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The huge amount of shops in Paris, especially in the city center, consists of:

<p lang="en" len="237" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Well known shopping areas are:
 * Department stores. The best known of these are Galeries Lafayette, Le Bon Marché, and Printemps. Marks & Spencer returned after a closure of several years back in 2011;
 * shopping centres, such as Les Halles;
 * shopping streets: place Vendôme and Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré for the luxury brands to the Champs Elysees and Rue de Rivoli. Each district also has a number of private shopping streets where especially the more daily necessities can be bought;
 * many kinds of shops and boutiques for clothing, shoes, accessories, books, music, perfumes, delicatessen, household, furniture, children, antiques, paper and drawing materials;
 * markets: there are about 70 markets in Paris, which are open on different days. The market on Rue Mouffetard is the best known.

===Architecture<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Comparison of several high points in Paris<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The tallest building is the Eiffel Tower with a height of 325 metres. Paris has gotten its own skyline thanks to more high buildings. Because the space is scarce in the height. Yet there is, compared to, for example, New York City, relatively few high-rise buildings.
 * Champs-Élysées
 * Boulevard Haussmann
 * Rue de Rivoli
 * Avenue Montaigne
 * Boulevard des Italiens
 * Boulevard des Capucines
 * Boulevard de la Madeleine
 * Rue Royale
 * Rue du Faubourg-Saint Honoré

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A number of skyscrapers one finds around the stations Austerlitz, Lyon and Bercy (including François Mitterrand Site of the Bibliothèque nationale de France). There are in Paris not many skyscrapers higher than 100 metres. Some of them State around the Montparnasse station in the District of the same name. The Pullman Paris Montparnassehotel,Hôtel Méridien Montparnasse until 2011 is 120 meters high. With 210 metres is the tallest skyscraper the Tour Montparnasse in Paris. After the rather controversial building of these was the construction of more skyscrapers in the city prohibited.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Most skyscrapers of the agglomeration are outside the péripherique, particularly in the La Défensebusiness district, the largest business centre in Europe. Many of the skyscrapers in La Défense are between 100 and 200 feet high, as the Tour Total of 190 meters. An outlier is the Tour First, which with 231 metres is the tallest skyscraper in France. A panorama of the La Défense business district==Major attractions<span class="mw-editsection" len="345" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==

Arc de TriompheConciergerieNotre-DameSacré-CœurIn the foreground with the LouvrepyramidGrand Palais seen from Pont Alexandre IIIPlace de la ConcordeParc MontsourisCimetière du Père-LachaiseDisneyland Resort Paris<p lang="en" len="56" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There are many tourist attractions in Paris. ===Monuments and buildings<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Churches and cathedrals<span class="mw-editsection" len="335" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Museums<span class="mw-editsection" len="319" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the field of culture, there are many types of museums. Paris has about 150 museums, from painting to science and from nature to international cultures. To the Paris museums to visit, one can use a special museum pass (in French Carte Musées et Monuments Paris et Île-de-France), whereby it has access to 60 museums and monuments in Paris and the surrounding area (Île-de-France).
 * The Eiffel Tower
 * The Arc de Triomphe
 * Les Invalides
 * Élysée Palace, official residence of the president of the French Republic
 * Conciergerie
 * Panthéon
 * Hôtel de Ville
 * The Tour Saint-Jacques
 * The Tour Montparnasse, a 210 metre high skyscraper
 * The Grande Arche in La Défense business district
 * Palais de Chaillot, built in 1937 for the world exhibition
 * Palais du Luxembourg
 * Grand Palais
 * Opéra Garnier
 * Palais Royal
 * Cathédrale de Saint-Louis-des-Invalides
 * Église de la Madeleine
 * Église de la Sainte-Trinité
 * Église Saint-Étienne-du-Mont
 * Église Saint-eustache
 * Saint-Germain-des-Prés, the oldest church in Paris
 * Église Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois
 * Église Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais Church
 * Église Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre
 * Église Saint-Louis-en-l ' île
 * Église Saint-Martin-des-Champs
 * Église Saint-Merri
 * Église Saint-Nicolas-des-Champs
 * Église Saint-Roch
 * Église Saint-Séverin
 * Église Saint-Sulpice, 17th-century Church in the heart of Saint-Germain
 * Église Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
 * Cathedral Basilica of Saint-Denis
 * Notre-Dame
 * Sacré-Cœur
 * Sainte-Chapelle
 * Val-de-Grâce

<p lang="en" len="29" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Well-known museums in Paris are:
 * Most museums are free of charge for children up to 17 years.
 * Most museums are generally closed on Monday or Tuesday, 1 may, 1 november, 25 november and holidays.
 * Free entrance days museums and monuments are there on every first Sunday of the month.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For an overview of some of the 150 museums in Paris see the list of Parisian museums. ===Bridges<span class="mw-editsection" len="321" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There are many bridges in Paris. A lot of it connect the Seine to the Île de la Cité, where the city originated.
 * the Louvre: the largest museum of Paris and one of the largest museums of the world.
 * Orsay Museum: museum that the history of French art from 1848 to 1914 covers
 * Centre Georges PompidouCenter for modern art
 * Cité des sciences et de l'industrie: the largest science museum of Europe
 * Musée de Cluny: medieval collection
 * Musée Picasso: museum with art of the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso
 * Musée du quai Branly: 7th District, in the ethnographic museum (open June 23, 2006)
 * Musée Rodin: museum with art of the French sculptor Auguste Rodin
 * Musée de l'Orangerie: with works by several impressionistic painters
 * Musée GuimetAsian Arts

<p lang="en" len="38" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Some famous bridges in Paris are:

===Squares<span class="mw-editsection" len="321" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Gardens and parks<span class="mw-editsection" len="330" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Other places and buildings<span class="mw-editsection" len="344" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Area attractions<span class="mw-editsection" len="348" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ==Politics and Government<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == The City Hall of Paris<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris is the 75th France's Department . The area of the Department coincides with that of the municipality of Paris.
 * Pont Alexandre III
 * Pont de l'Alma
 * Pont Marie
 * Pont National
 * Pont Neuf
 * Pont Saint-Louis
 * Pont de Sully
 * Place Vendôme
 * Place de la Concorde with Obelisk
 * Place du Tertre
 * Place de la Bastille
 * Place de Clichy
 * Place Charles de Gaulle (old name:Place de l'Etoile)
 * Place de la Nation
 * Place d'Italie
 * Place de la République
 * Place Pigalle
 * Place des Victoires
 * Place des Vosges
 * Place de la République Dominicaine
 * Place de l ' Opéra
 * Place de la Madeleine
 * Jardin des Plantes
 * the Tuileries garden
 * Jardin du Luxembourg
 * Bois de Boulogne city park
 * Bois de Vincennes
 * Parc Montsouris
 * Cité universitaire de Paris
 * Parc Monceau
 * Parc des PrincesStadium, Paris Saint-Germain football club
 * Stade Charléty, the second largest sports stadium of Paris
 * Les Halles
 * the cemeteries Cimetière du Père-Lachaise, Montmartre cemetery, Cimetière du Montparnasse and the Catacombs
 * the Sorbonne, situated in the Latin Quarter, one of the oldest universities of Europe
 * Disneyland Resort Paris
 * Palace of Versailles
 * Parc Astérix
 * Castle of Fontainebleau

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris is divided into twenty urban districts, each district elects its own District Council. In total there are 517 District Councillors, from their number the 163 members of the Council of Paris (conseil de Paris) chosen. Choose the members of the Council of Paris, the Mayor of Parissince april 2014 Anne Hidalgo. Former mayors are Jean Tiberi (1995-2001) and Jacques Chirac (1977-1995).

<p lang="en" len="138" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Council of Paris is at the same time, City Council and prefectural authority, the powers of both bodies are combined in a single Council.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris is formally divided into 20 cantons of which the limits of sync with that of the municipal arrondissements, this can be seen in the fact that the arrondissements of Paris also act as constituency for the prefectural authority (a district of function). This is done because in the event of a departmental arrondissement a commune in its entirety to be part and no pieces such as that at cantons is possible. Because of the confusion on the name (there are two types of arrondissements in France) and the administrative equivalence of the Department and the city of Paris is often erroneously thought that the arrondissements of Paris departmental arrondissements are while in fact this municipal arrondissements are like those in Marseille and Lyon also exist.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The districts are divided into Quartiers, quarters. Paris France thus 80 quartiers. ==Traffic and transport<span class="mw-editsection" len="332" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Air Traffic<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Aéroport Charles de Gaulle's Terminal 1, by the architect Paul Andreu<p lang="en" len="71" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Like many large cities Paris is served by several airports.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The largest of which, also the largest airport in France and the largest in Europe, after Heathrow is Aéroport Charles de Gaulle (also called for the name of the municipality in whose territory it is called Roissy ), North of Paris. South of the city lies the Aéroport d'Orly, the second largest airport in France and Paris. Charles de Gaulle and Orly airports are connected by a train service (RER line B). Both airports have a automated metro between the terminals, the Orlyval and CDGVAL called.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [29]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Aéroport du Bourget was the main airport in the past, but now functions as business airport of Paris (there are no scheduled services on Le Bourget) and is 4 miles from Paris. At this airport is the aviation fair every two years "Le Bourget" held commonly referred to as one of the most important in the world. Aéroport de Beauvais is located 70 km from the Centre of Paris. This airport is especially attractive for budget flights. There is also still a dozen airports in the vicinity for the private aviation, including the airportsPontoise-Cormeilles and Lognes-Emerainville.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For the purposes of the helicopter traffic is in the South of the city of Paris, outside the Périferique, a heliport. ===Road Traffic<span class="mw-editsection" len="324" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Boulevard Périphérique<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris has an extensive road network, which is surrounded by the Boulevard Périphérique (ring), a little further outside the ring formed by the A86 and pieces of other highways (A3, A4). A large number of highways comes from on this ring making it one of the busiest motorways is. Paris wants to better the traffic flow along a ring by even further on the outside of Paris, the A104/N104 (also called "La Francilienne").

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the Center is the sometimes chaotic traffic, especially during rush hour. The Place Charles de Gaulle (formerly the Place d'Etoile) where twelve avenues come together at theArc de Triomphe is notorious.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Paris taxis drive around every day 15.100 500,000 passengers. There are 745 taxi stands, of which 205 pole a call. Taxis are allowed to drive the bus lanes, whereby they can avoid many files.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Netherlands and Belgium is accessible from Paris via the A1 from A2 from Lille and Brussels. Continue on the A4 from the A16 from Reims, Amiens, Rouen, the A13 from the A10from Le Mans, Nantes, the A11 from the A6 from Lyon and Troyes from the A5. ===Public transport<span class="mw-editsection" len="330" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Gare du NordControl areas of the Parisian railway Termini<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris has a good network of public transport. In addition to an extensive bus service, there is a metro by 16 lines (1 to 14, plus 3bis and 7bis) that connect to a dense network ofRER-suburban.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The tram of Paris has in the agglomeration of Paris six tram lines in use. A separate broad lane T3b T3a and the trams along the Boulevards des Maréchaux. Between the northern suburbs Aulnay-sous-Bois and Bondy rides the tram-train T4.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The metro lines, 5 out of 6 tram lines (on T4 after) and a lot of the Parisian bus lines are operated by the Paris transport company RATP. The RER is jointly operated by the RATP and the SNCF French State spoorbedrijf. ===Bicycle Traffic<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris is the last years become a pretty bike-friendly city; in 2012 was the total length of the number of bicycle paths in the city 371 km,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" len="160" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[30]  and there is an extensive public bike rental infrastructure, the Velib ' with more than 1200 stations in the city and nearby suburbs. The system has an average of 110,000 loans per day. ===Railways<span class="mw-editsection" len="324" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="286" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Paris also features seven major train stations, each with its own region of France operate:

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">These drives are headends. This means that changing trains in Paris often means that one with the metro station must travel from one to another. On presentation of a through train ticket can with a so-called Contre-marque with the RER (not with the subway!) charge one time free connection (or with a stopover in Châtelet) be made, for example between the stations of Gare du Nord to Gare de Lyon (RER B/D) or Gare du Nord/Gare de l'Est (Magenta) to Gare St. Lazare (RER E). These tickets are not issued almost, in Paris on other French stations one gets this on presentation of the ticket or E-Ticket almost always with it. The trip must not, however, be interrupted in Paris (read: with accommodation) are.
 * Gare Saint-Lazare: Normandy and West of Paris.
 * Gare Montparnasse: Brittany, the Atlantic coast, and the TGV-trains going South West of France.
 * Gare du Nord: North of France, Netherlands and Belgium with the Thalys, and the United Kingdom with the Eurostar.
 * Gare de l'Est: East of Germany , Luxembourg and France.
 * Gare de Lyon: the South and Southeast of France and Europe.
 * Gare d'Austerlitz: the Loire, Southwestern France and Spain and Portugal.
 * Gare de Bercy: specialized in the handling of car sleeper trains.

<p lang="en" len="578" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Other major train stations near Paris Marne-la-Vallée-Chessy ( Disneyland Paris TGV train station and the train station at Charles de Gaulle airport.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The suburban train traffic consists of two systems. The RERnetwork often serves the densely populated suburbs and suburbs. The trains connect two sides of Paris by tunnel, so that people from the suburbs without changing trains in the heart of Paris can step out. The RER trains run with a high frequency, making it often is regarded as a metro rail network system. Especially the RER A and B are pressure, with 1.2 million and 900,000 passengers per day respectively. In addition to the RER rapid transit system serving, there is also the Transiliennetwork. This system departs from the great Parisian railway Termini, and drive from there to the far suburbs and the countryside. There are eight lines, even though the lines are rather a network with ramifications. The trains run with a lower frequency than the RER, as the demand for public transport is lower on the pathways where Transilien trains run. ==Media<span class="mw-editsection" len="319" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p lang="en" len="63" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">National and international media based in Paris:

Tv

 * TF1
 * France 2
 * France 3
 * France 4
 * France 5
 * ARTE
 * Canal +
 * M6
 * KTO
 * Télé Bocal
 * TV5 Monde

Newspapers
<p len="17" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;"> ==Well-known Parisians<span class="mw-editsection" len="334" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ==Town Twinning<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==
 * La Croix
 * Les Echos
 * L ' Équipe
 * Le Figaro
 * Unpublished
 * Jeune Afrique L'intelligent
 * Le Monde
 * Rouge
 * La Tribune
 * Valeurs Actuelles
 * Libération
 * Algiers (Algeria), since 2003
 * Amman (Jordan), since 1987
 * Amsterdam (Netherlands), since 1994
 * Athens (Greece), since 2000
 * Beirut (Lebanon), since 1992
 * Berlin (Germany), since 1987
 * Buenos Aires (Argentina), since 1999
 * Cairo (Egypt), since 1985
 * Casablanca (Morocco), since 2004
 * Chicago (United States), since 1996
 * Yerevan (Armenia), since 1998
 * Geneva (Switzerland), since 2002
 * Istanbul (Turkey), since 1988
 * Jakarta (Indonesia), since 1995
 * Kyoto (Japan), since 1958
 * Copenhagen (Denmark), since 2005
 * Lisbon (Portugal), since 1998
 * London (United Kingdom), since 2001
 * Madrid (Spain), since 2000
 * Mexico-City (Mexico), since 1999
 * Montreal (Canada), since 2006
 * Moscow (Russia), since 1992
 * Nagoya (Japan)
 * Beijing (China), since 1997
 * Porto Alegre (Brazil), since 2001
 * Prague (Czech Republic), since 1997
 * Quebec (Canada), since 1996
 * Rabat (Morocco), since 2004
 * Riyad (Saudi Arabia), since 1997
 * Rome (Italy)
 * Saint Petersburg (Russia), since 1997
 * Sanaa (Yemen), since 1987
 * São Paulo (Brazil), since 2004
 * San Francisco (United States), since 1996
 * Santiago (Chile), since 1997
 * Seoul (South Korea), since 1991
 * Sofia (Bulgaria), since 1998
 * Sydney (Australia), since 1998
 * Tbilisi (Georgia), since 1997
 * Tokyo (Japan), since 1982
 * Tunis (Tunisia), since 2004
 * Warsaw (Poland), since 1999
 * Washington D.C. (United States), since 2000