April 9

April 9 is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 266 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Monday, Thursday or Saturday (58 in 400 years each) than on Tuesday or Wednesday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Friday or Sunday (56).

Contents 1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 Holidays and observances 5 External links 6 References

Events
190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position. 537 – Siege of Rome: The Byzantine general Belisarius receives his promised reinforcements, 1,600 cavalry, mostly of Hunnic or Slavic origin and expert bowmen. He starts, despite shortages, raids against the Gothic camps and Vitiges is forced into a stalemate. 1241 – Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeat the Polish and German armies. 1288 – Mongol invasions of Vietnam: Yuan forces are defeated by Trần forces in the Battle of Bach Dang in present-day northern Vietnam. 1388 – Despite being outnumbered 16 to 1, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious over the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Näfels. 1413 – Henry V is crowned King of England. 1440 – Christopher of Bavaria is appointed King of Denmark. 1454 – The Treaty of Lodi is signed, establishing a balance of power among northern Italian city-states for almost 50 years. 1511 – St John's College, Cambridge, England, founded by Lady Margaret Beaufort, receives its charter. 1585 – The expedition organised by Sir Walter Raleigh departs England for Roanoke Island (now in North Carolina) to establish the Roanoke Colony. 1609 – Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce. 1682 – Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River, claims it for France and names it Louisiana. 1782 – American War of Independence: Battle of the Saintes begins. 1860 – On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice. 1865 – American Civil War: Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia (26,765 troops) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, effectively ending the war. 1867 – Alaska Purchase: By a vote of 37-2, the United States Senate gave its advice and consent to the ratification of a treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska.[1] 1909 – The U.S. Congress passes the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act. 1914 – Mexican Revolution: One of the world's first naval/air skirmishes takes place off the coast of western Mexico. 1916 – World War I: The Battle of Verdun: German forces launch their third offensive of the battle. 1917 – World War I: The Battle of Arras: The battle begins with Canadian Corps executing a massive assault on Vimy Ridge. 1918 – World War I: The Battle of the Lys: The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps is crushed by the German forces during what is called the Spring Offensive on the Belgian region of Flanders. 1918 – The National Council of Bessarabia proclaims union with the Kingdom of Romania. 1937 – The Kamikaze arrives at Croydon Airport in London. It is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe. 1939 – Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial, after being denied the right to sing at the Daughters of the American Revolution's Constitution Hall. 1940 – World War II: Operation Weserübung: Germany invades Denmark and Norway. 1940 – Vidkun Quisling seizes power in Norway. 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Bataan/Bataan Death March: United States forces surrender on the Bataan Peninsula. The Japanese Navy launches an air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and Royal Australian Navy Destroyer HMAS Vampire are sunk off the island's east coast. 1945 – World War II: The German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer is sunk by the Royal Air Force 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Königsberg, in East Prussia, ends. 1945 – The United States Atomic Energy Commission is formed. 1947 – The Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornadoes kill 181 and injure 970 in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. 1947 – The Journey of Reconciliation, the first interracial Freedom Ride begins through the upper South in violation of Jim Crow laws. The riders wanted enforcement of the United States Supreme Court's 1946 Irene Morgan decision that banned racial segregation in interstate travel. 1947 – The United Nations Security Council Resolution 22 is adopted. 1948 – Jorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination provokes a violent riot in Bogotá (the Bogotazo), and a further ten years of violence in Colombia known as La violencia. 1948 – Fighters from the Irgun and Lehi Zionist paramilitary groups attacked Deir Yassin near Jerusalem, killing over 100. 1952 – Hugo Ballivián's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalization of tin mines 1957 – The Suez Canal in Egypt is cleared and opens to shipping. 1959 – Project Mercury: NASA announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the "Mercury Seven". 1960 – Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa and architect of apartheid, narrowly survives an assassination attempt by a white farmer called David Pratt in Johannesburg. 1961 – The Pacific Electric Railway in Los Angeles, once the largest electric railway in the world, ends operations. 1965 – Astrodome opens. First indoor baseball game is played. 1967 – The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) makes its maiden flight. 1969 – The "Chicago Eight" plead not guilty to federal charges of conspiracy to incite a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. 1969 – The first British-built Concorde 002 makes its maiden flight from Filton to RAF Fairford. 1975 – The first game of the Philippine Basketball Association, the second oldest professional basketball league in the world. 1975 – Eight people in South Korea, who are involved in People's Revolutionary Party Incident, are hanged. 1980 – The Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein kills philosopher Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and his sister Bint al-Huda after three days of torture. 1981 – The U.S. Navy nuclear submarine USS George Washington accidentally collides with the Nissho Maru, a Japanese cargo ship, sinking it. 1989 – The April 9 tragedy in Tbilisi, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, an anti-Soviet peaceful demonstration and hunger strikes, demanding restoration of Georgian independence is dispersed by the Soviet Army, resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries. 1991 – Georgia declares independence from the Soviet Union 1992 – A U.S. Federal Court finds former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega guilty of drug and racketeering charges. He is sentenced to 30 years in prison. 1999 – Kosovo War: The Battle of Košare begins. 2003 – Iraq War: Baghdad falls to American forces; Iraqis turn on symbols of their former leader Saddam Hussein, pulling down a grand statue of him and tearing it to pieces. 2005 – Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony at Windsor's Guildhall. 2009 – In Tbilisi, Georgia, up to 60,000 people protest against the government of Mikheil Saakashvili. 2013 – A 6.1–magnitude earthquake strikes Iran killing 32 people and injuring over 850 people. 2013 – At least 13 people are killed and another three injured after a man goes on a spree shooting in the Serbian village of Velika Ivanča. 2014 – A student stabs 20 people at Franklin Regional High School in Murrysville, Pennsylvania.

Births
1498 – Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine (d. 1550) 1597 – John Davenport, English minister, co-founded the New Haven Colony (d. 1670) 1598 – Johann Crüger, German composer and theorist (d. 1662) 1627 – Johann Caspar Kerll, German organist and composer (d. 1693) 1634 – Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau (d. 1696) 1648 – Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway, French soldier and diplomat (d. 1720) 1649 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, Dutch-English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire (d. 1685) 1654 – Samuel Fritz, Czech Jesuit missionary to South America (d. 1725?) 1680 – Philippe Néricault Destouches, French playwright (d. 1754) 1686 – James Craggs the Younger, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (d. 1721) 1691 – Johann Matthias Gesner, German scholar and academic (d. 1761) 1717 – Georg Matthias Monn, Austrian organist, composer, and educator (d. 1750) 1770 – Thomas Johann Seebeck, German physicist and academic (d. 1831) 1773 – Étienne Aignan, French author and academic (d. 1824) 1794 – Theobald Boehm, German flute player and composer (d. 1881) 1802 – Elias Lönnrot, Finnish physician and philologist (d. 1884) 1806 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel, English engineer, designed the Clifton Suspension Bridge (d. 1859) 1807 – James Bannerman, Scottish theologian and academic (d. 1868) 1821 – Charles Baudelaire, French poet and critic (d. 1867) 1830 – Eadweard Muybridge, English photographer and cinematographer (d. 1904) 1835 – Leopold II of Belgium (d. 1909) 1835 – Somerset Lowry-Corry, 4th Earl Belmore (d. 1913) 1846 – Paolo Tosti, Italian-English composer and educator (d. 1916) 1865 – Erich Ludendorff, German general and politician (d. 1937) 1865 – Charles Proteus Steinmetz, Polish-American mathematician and engineer (d. 1923) 1867 – Chris Watson, Chilean-Australian journalist and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1941) 1867 – Charles Winckler, Danish tug of war competitor, discus thrower, and shot putter (d. 1932) 1872 – Léon Blum, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1950) 1875 – Jacques Futrelle, American journalist and author (d. 1912) 1880 – Jan Letzel, Czech architect (d. 1925) 1882 – Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1946) 1882 – Otz Tollen, German actor (d. 1965) 1883 – Frank King, American cartoonist (d. 1969) 1887 – Konrad Tom, Polish actor, writer, singer, and director (d. 1957) 1888 – Sol Hurok, Ukrainian-American talent manager (d. 1974) 1893 – Charles E. Burchfield, American painter (d.1967) 1893 – Victor Gollancz, English publisher, founded Victor Gollancz Ltd (d. 1967) 1893 – Rahul Sankrityayan, Indian linguist, author, and scholar (d. 1963) 1895 – Mance Lipscomb, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1976) 1895 – Michel Simon, Swiss-French actor and singer (d. 1975) 1897 – John B. Gambling, American radio host (d. 1974) 1898 – Curly Lambeau, American football player and coach (d. 1965) 1898 – Paul Robeson, American singer, actor, and activist (d. 1976) 1900 – Allen Jenkins, American actor and singer (d. 1974) 1901 – Jean Bruchési, Canadian historian and author (d. 1979) 1901 – Paul Willis, American actor and director (d. 1960) 1902 – Théodore Monod, French explorer and scholar (d. 2000) 1903 – Ward Bond, American actor (d. 1960) 1904 – Sharkey Bonano, American singer, trumpet player, and bandleader (d. 1972) 1905 – J. William Fulbright, American lawyer and politician (d. 1995) 1906 – Rafaela Aparicio, Spanish actress (d. 1996) 1906 – Antal Doráti, Hungarian-American conductor and composer (d. 1988) 1908 – Joseph Krumgold, American author and screenwriter (d. 1980) 1908 – Victor Vasarely, Hungarian-French painter (d. 1997) 1909 – Robert Helpmann, Australian dancer, actor, and choreographer (d. 1986) 1910 – Abraham A. Ribicoff, American lawyer and politician, 4th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services (d. 1998) 1912 – Lev Kopelev, Ukrainian-German author and academic (d. 1997) 1913 – Smaro Stefanidou, Greek actress (d. 2010) 1915 – Daniel Johnson, Sr., Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Premier of Quebec (d. 1968) 1916 – Julian Dash, American swing music jazz tenor saxophonist (d. 1974) 1916 – Heinz Meyer, German Fallschirmjäger during World War II (d. 1987) 1916 – Bill Leonard, American journalist (d. 1994) 1917 – Johannes Bobrowski, German songwriter and poet (d. 1965) 1917 – Ronnie Burgess, Welsh footballer and manager (d. 2005) 1917 – Brad Dexter, American actor and producer (d. 2002) 1918 – Jørn Utzon, Danish architect, designed the Sydney Opera House (d. 2008) 1919 – J. Presper Eckert, American engineer, invented the ENIAC (d. 1995) 1921 – Jean-Marie Balestre, French businessman (d. 2008) 1921 – Yitzhak Navon, Israeli politician (d. 2015) 1921 – Frankie Thomas, American actor (d. 2006) 1922 – Carl Amery, German author and activist (d. 2005) 1923 – Leonard Levy, American historian and author (d. 2006) 1924 – Arthur Shaw, English professional footballer (d. 2015) 1924 – Milburn G. Apt, US test pilot (d. 1956) 1925 – Virginia Gibson, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2013) 1925 – Art Kane, American photographer (d. 1995) 1926 – Gerry Fitt, Northern Irish soldier and politician; British life peer (d. 2005) 1926 – Hugh Hefner, American publisher, founded Playboy Enterprises 1927 – Tiny Hill, New Zealand rugby player 1928 – Paul Arizin, American basketball player (d. 2006) 1928 – Tom Lehrer, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and mathematician 1928 – Aubrey Woods, English actor and singer (d. 2013) 1929 – Sharan Rani Backliwal, Indian sarod player and scholar (d. 2008) 1929 – Fred Hollows, New Zealand-Australian ophthalmologist (d. 1993) 1929 – Paule Marshall, American author and academic 1930 – Nathaniel Branden, Canadian-American psychotherapist and author (d. 2014) 1930 – F. Albert Cotton, American chemist and academic (d. 2007) 1930 – Wallace McCain, Canadian businessman, founded McCain Foods (d. 2011) 1931 – Richard Hatfield, Canadian lawyer and politician, 26th Premier of New Brunswick (d. 1991) 1932 – Jim Fowler, American zoologist and television host 1932 – Armin Jordan, Swiss conductor (d. 2006) 1932 – Peter Moores, English businessman and philanthropist 1932 – Carl Perkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1998) 1933 – Jean-Paul Belmondo, French actor and producer 1933 – René Burri, Swiss photographer and journalist (d. 2014) 1933 – Fern Michaels, American author 1933 – Richard Rose, American political scientist and academic 1933 – Gian Maria Volontè, Italian actor (d. 1994) 1934 – Bill Birch, New Zealand surveyor and politician, 38th New Zealand Minister of Finance 1934 – Tom Phillis, Australian motorcycle racer (d. 1962) 1934 – Mariya Pisareva, Russian high jumper 1935 – Aulis Sallinen, Finnish composer and academic 1935 – Avery Schreiber, American actor and comedian (d. 2002) 1936 – Jerzy Maksymiuk, Polish pianist, composer, and conductor 1936 – Valerie Solanas, American radical feminist author, attempted murderer (d. 1988) 1937 – Simon Brown, Baron Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood, English lieutenant, lawyer, and judge 1937 – Marty Krofft, Canadian screenwriter and producer 1937 – Valerie Singleton, English television and radio host 1938 – Viktor Chernomyrdin, Russian businessman and politician, 30th Prime Minister of Russia (d. 2010) 1939 – Michael Learned, American actress 1940 – Hans-Joachim Reske, German sprinter 1940 – Jim Roberts, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (d. 2015) 1941 – Kay Adams, American singer-songwriter 1942 – Brandon deWilde, American actor (d. 1972) 1942 – Margo Smith, American singer-songwriter 1943 – Terry Knight, American singer-songwriter and producer (Terry Knight and the Pack) (d. 2004) 1944 – Joe Brinkman, American baseball player and umpire 1944 – Heinz-Joachim Rothenburg, German shot putter 1945 – Steve Gadd, American drummer (Stuff, Steps Ahead, and Sunlightsquare) 1945 – Peter Gammons, American journalist 1946 – Nate Colbert, American baseball player 1946 – Mike Hancock, English politician 1946 – Alan Knott, English cricketer 1946 – Sara Parkin, Scottish activist and politician 1946 – David Webb, English footballer, coach, and manager 1947 – Giovanni Andrea Cornia, Italian economist and academic 1948 – Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress and politician 1948 – Michel Parizeau, Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1948 – Patty Pravo, Italian singer 1949 – Tony Cragg, English sculptor 1950 – Nathan Cook, American actor (d. 1998) 1952 – Robert Clark, American author 1952 – Bruce Robertson, New Zealand rugby player 1952 – Tania Tsanaklidou, Greek singer and actress 1953 – John Howard, English singer-songwriter and pianist 1953 – Hal Ketchum, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1954 – Ken Kalfus, American journalist and author 1954 – Dennis Quaid, American actor 1954 – Iain Duncan Smith, British soldier and politician, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions 1955 – Yamina Benguigui, French director and politician 1955 – Joolz Denby, English poet and author 1955 – Kate Heyhoe, American author and blogger 1956 – Michael Hashim, American saxophonist 1956 – Miguel Ángel Russo, Argentinian footballer and coach 1956 – Nigel Shadbolt, English computer scientist and academic 1956 – Vahur Sova, Estonian architect 1956 – Marina Zueva, Russian ice dancer and coach 1957 – Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer and architect (d. 2011) 1957 – Martin Margiela, Belgian fashion designer 1958 – Tony Sibson, English boxer 1958 – Nigel Slater, English journalist and author 1959 – Bernard Jenkin, English businessman and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Defence 1960 – Jaak Aab, Estonian educator and politician, Minister of Social Affairs of Estonia 1961 – Mark Kelly, Irish keyboard player (Marillion and DeeExpus) 1961 – Kirk McCaskill, Canadian-American baseball and hockey player 1962 – John Eaves, American production designer and illustrator 1962 – Ihor Podolchak, Ukrainian director, producer, and screenwriter 1962 – Imran Sherwani, English field hockey player 1962 – Jeff Turner, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster 1963 – Marc Jacobs, American-French fashion designer 1963 – Joe Scarborough, American journalist, lawyer, and politician 1964 – Rob Awalt, German-American football player 1964 – Juliet Cuthbert, Jamaican sprinter 1964 – Daniel Escobar, American actor (d. 2013) 1964 – Lisa Guerrero, American actress and journalist 1964 – Peter Penashue, Canadian businessman and politician, 9th Canadian Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs 1964 – Margaret Peterson Haddix, American author 1964 – Rick Tocchet, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach 1965 – Helen Alfredsson, Swedish golfer 1965 – Paulina Porizkova, Czech-born Swedish-American model and actress 1965 – Jeff Zucker, American businessman 1966 – John Hammond, English weather forecaster 1966 – Cynthia Nixon, American actress 1967 – Natascha Engel, German-English translator and politician 1968 – Jay Chandrasekhar, American actor, comedian, writer and director 1969 – Linda Kisabaka, German runner 1969 – April Boy Regino, Filipino singer-songwriter and actor 1970 – Chorão, Brazilian singer-songwriter (Charlie Brown Jr.) (d. 2013) 1971 – Peter Canavan, Irish footballer and manager 1971 – Leo Fortune-West, English footballer and manager 1971 – Austin Peck, American actor 1971 – Jacques Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver 1972 – Bernard Ackah, German-Japanese martial artist and kick-boxer 1972 – Siiri Vallner, Estonian architect 1973 – Spencer Rice, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1974 – Jenna Jameson, American porn actress, director, and producer 1974 – Alexander Pichushkin, Russian serial killer 1975 – Robbie Fowler, English footballer and manager 1975 – David Gordon Green, American director and screenwriter 1976 – Kyle Peterson, American baseball player and sportscaster 1977 – Marko Lepik, Estonian footballer 1977 – Gerard Way, American singer-songwriter and producer (My Chemical Romance) 1978 – Kousei Amano, Japanese actor 1978 – Jorge Andrade, Portuguese footballer 1978 – Vesna Pisarović, Croatian singer-songwriter 1978 – Rachel Stevens, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress (S Club) 1979 – Albina Dzhanabaeva, Russian singer and actress (Nu Virgos) 1979 – Albert Hammond, Jr., American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Strokes) 1979 – Keshia Knight Pulliam, American actress 1979 – Jeff Reed, American football player 1980 – Clueso, German singer-songwriter and producer 1980 – Sarah Ayton, English sailor 1980 – Luciano Galletti, Argentinian footballer 1980 – Jerko Leko, Croatian footballer 1980 – Rachel Specter, American actress and screenwriter 1981 – Milan Bartovič, Czech ice hockey player 1981 – A. J. Ellis, American baseball player 1981 – Ireneusz Jeleń, Polish footballer 1981 – Dennis Sarfate, American baseball player 1981 – Melissa Witek, American model, Miss Florida USA 2005 1982 – Jay Baruchel, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1982 – Carlos Hernández, Costa Rican footballer 1982 – Kathleen Munroe, Canadian-American actress 1983 – Ryan Clark, Australian actor 1983 – Willie Colon, American football player 1984 – Linda Chung, Canadian-Hong Kong actress and singer 1984 – Habiba Ghribi, Tunisian runner 1984 – Adam Loewen, Canadian baseball player 1984 – Lili Mirojnick, American actress 1984 – Óscar Razo, Mexican footballer 1985 – Antonio Nocerino, Italian footballer 1985 – David Robertson, American baseball player 1985 – Tomohisa Yamashita, Japanese actor and singer (NEWS, Kitty GYM, and Shūji to Akira) 1986 – Mike Hart, American football player 1986 – Brian Larsen, American singer-songwriter and producer 1986 – Luca Marin, Italian swimmer 1986 – Leighton Meester, American actress and singer 1987 – Kassim Abdallah, French-Comorian footballer 1987 – Graham Gano, American football player 1987 – Craig Mabbitt, American singer (Escape the Fate, Blessthefall, The Word Alive, and The Dead Rabbitts) 1987 – Jesse McCartney, American singer-songwriter and actor (Dream Street) 1987 – Jarrod Mullen, Australian rugby league player 1987 – Jazmine Sullivan, American singer-songwriter 1988 – Uee, South Korean singer, dancer, and actress (After School) 1988 – Michel Alves Baroni, Brazilian footballer 1988 – Dino Imperial, Filipino actor 1988 – Jeremy Metcalfe, English race car driver 1989 – Danielle Kahle, American figure skater 1990 – Ram Bahadur Bomjon, Nepalese monk 1990 – David Jones-Roberts, Australian actor 1990 – Kristen Stewart, American actress 1990 – Ryan Williams, American football player 1991 – Ryan Kelly, American basketball player 1991 – Mary Killman, American synchronized swimmer 1992 – Joshua Ledet, American singer 1994 – Joey Pollari, American actor 1995 – Domagoj Bošnjak, Croatian basketball player 1995 – Robert Bauer, German-Kazakhstani footballer 1996 – Emerson Hyndman, American soccer player 1998 – Elle Fanning, American actress 2000 – Jackie Evancho, American singer and actress

Deaths
585 BC – Emperor Jimmu, Japanese emperor (b. 711 BC) 93 – Yuan An, Chinese scholar and politician 436 – Tan Daoji, Chinese general and politician 491 – Zeno, Byzantine emperor (b. 425) 682 – Maslama ibn Mukhallad al-Ansari, Egyptian politician, Governor of Egypt (b. 616) 715 – Pope Constantine (b. 664) 1024 – Pope Benedict VIII (b. 980) 1137 – William X, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 1099) 1327 – Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (b.c.1296) 1483 – Edward IV of England (b. 1442) 1484 – Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales (b. 1473) 1492 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian ruler (b. 1449) 1553 – François Rabelais, French monk and scholar (b. 1494) 1557 – Mikael Agricola, Finnish priest and scholar (b. 1510) 1626 – Francis Bacon, English jurist and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (b. 1561) 1654 – Matei Basarab, Romanian prince (b. 1588) 1693 – Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, French author (b. 1618) 1747 – Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, Scottish soldier and politician (b. 1667) 1754 – Christian Wolff, German philosopher and academic (b. 1679) 1761 – William Law, English priest and theologian (b. 1686) 1768 – Sarah Fielding, English author (b. 1710) 1804 – Jacques Necker, Swiss-French politician, Chief Minister to the French Monarch (b. 1732) 1806 – William V, Prince of Orange (b. 1748) 1872 – Erastus Corning, American businessman and politician (b. 1794) 1876 – Charles Goodyear, American lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1804) 1882 – Dante Gabriel Rossetti, English poet and painter (b. 1828) 1889 – Michel Eugène Chevreul, French chemist and academic (b. 1786) 1909 – Helena Modjeska, Polish-American actress (b. 1840) 1915 – Raymond Whittindale, English rugby player (b. 1883) 1917 – James Hope Moulton, English philologist and scholar (b. 1863) 1922 – Hans Fruhstorfer, German entomologist and explorer (b. 1866) 1926 – Zip the Pinhead, American freak show performer (b. 1857) 1936 – Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1855) 1940 – Mrs. Patrick Campbell, English actress (b. 1865) 1944 – Yevgeniya Rudneva, Ukrainian lieutenant and pilot (b. 1920) 1945 – Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German pastor and theologian (b. 1906) 1945 – Wilhelm Canaris, German admiral (b. 1887) 1945 – Johann Georg Elser, German carpenter (b. 1903) 1945 – Hans Oster, German general (b. 1887) 1945 – Karl Sack, German lawyer and jurist (b. 1896) 1945 – Hans von Dohnányi, Austrian-German lawyer and jurist (b. 1902) 1948 – George Carpenter, Australian 5th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1872) 1948 – Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian lawyer and politician, 16th Colombian Minister of National Education (b. 1903) 1951 – Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (b. 1862) 1953 – Eddie Cochems, American football player and coach (b. 1877) 1953 – C. E. M. Joad, English philosopher and television host (b. 1891) 1959 – Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect, designed the Price Tower and Fallingwater (b. 1867) 1961 – Zog I of Albania (b. 1895) 1963 – Eddie Edwards, American trombonist (Original Dixieland Jass Band) (b. 1891) 1963 – Xul Solar, Argentinian painter and sculptor (b. 1887) 1970 – Gustaf Tenggren, Swedish-American illustrator and animator (b. 1896) 1971 – Paulette Noizeux, French actress (b. 1887) 1976 – Dagmar Nordstrom, American singer-songwriter and pianist (Nordstrom Sisters) (b. 1903) 1976 – Phil Ochs, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1940) 1978 – Clough Williams-Ellis, English-Welsh architect, designed Portmeirion (b. 1883) 1980 – Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Iraqi cleric and philosopher (b. 1935) 1982 – Wilfrid Pelletier, Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1896) 1988 – Brook Benton, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1931) 1988 – Hans Berndt, German footballer (b. 1913) 1988 – Dave Prater, American singer (Sam & Dave) (b. 1937) 1991 – Forrest Towns, American hurdler and coach (b. 1914) 1993 – Joseph B. Soloveitchik, American rabbi and philosopher (b. 1903) 1996 – Richard Condon, American author and publicist (b. 1915) 1996 – James Rouse, American real estate agent, founded The Rouse Company (b. 1914) 1997 – Mae Boren Axton, American singer-songwriter (b. 1914) 1997 – Helene Hanff, American author and screenwriter (b. 1916) 1998 – Tom Cora, American cellist and composer (Skeleton Crew, Third Person) (b. 1953) 1999 – Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, Nigerien general and politician, President of Niger (b. 1949) 2001 – Willie Stargell, American baseball player and coach (b. 1940) 2002 – Pat Flaherty, American race car driver (b. 1926) 2002 – Leopold Vietoris, Austrian soldier, mathematician, and academic (b. 1891) 2003 – Jerry Bittle, American cartoonist (b. 1949) 2005 – Andrea Dworkin, American radical feminist and anti-pornography activist (b. 1946) 2006 – Billy Hitchcock, American baseball player, coach, manager (b. 1916) 2006 – Vilgot Sjöman, Swedish director and screenwriter (b. 1924) 2007 – Egon Bondy, Czech philosopher and poet (b. 1930) 2007 – Dorrit Hoffleit, American astronomer and academic (b. 1907) 2009 – Nick Adenhart, American baseball player (b. 1986) 2010 – Zoltán Varga, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1945) 2011 – Zakariya Rashid Hassan al-Ashiri, Bahraini journalist (b. 1971) 2011 – Sidney Lumet, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1924) 2012 – Takeshi Aono, Japanese voice actor (b. 1936) 2012 – Barry Cahill, Canadian-American actor (b. 1921) 2012 – John Golding (b. 1929) 2012 – Meral Okay, Turkish actress and screenwriter (b. 1959) 2012 – Boris Parygin, Russian sociologist and philosopher (b. 1930) 2012 – Malcolm Thomas, Welsh rugby player and cricketer (b. 1929) 2013 – David Hayes, American sculptor and painter (b. 1931) 2013 – Greg McCrary, American football player (b. 1952) 2013 – Mordechai Mishani, Israeli lawyer and politician (b. 1945) 2013 – McCandlish Phillips, American journalist and author (b. 1927) 2013 – Paolo Soleri, Italian-American architect, designed the Cosanti (b. 1919) 2013 – Zao Wou-Ki, Chinese-French painter (b. 1920) 2014 – Gil Askey, American trumpet player, composer, and producer (b. 1925) 2014 – Chris Banks, American football player (b. 1973) 2014 – Rory Ellinger, American lawyer and politician (b. 1941) 2014 – Norman Girvan, Jamaican economist, academic, and politician (b. 1941) 2014 – Aelay Narendra, Indian politician (b. 1946) 2014 – A. N. R. Robinson, Trinbagonian politician, 3rd President of Trinidad and Tobago (b. 1926) 2014 – Svetlana Velmar-Janković, Serbian author (b. 1933) 2015 – Paul Almond, Canadian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1931) 2015 – Nina Companeez, French director and screenwriter (b. 1937) 2015 – Alexander Dalgarno, English physicist and academic (b. 1928) 2015 – Ivan Doig, American journalist and author (b. 1939) 2015 – Tsien Tsuen-hsuin, Chinese-American sinologist and academic (b. 1909) 2016 – Will Smith (defensive end), American football player (b. 1981)

Holidays and observances
Christian feast day: Dietrich Bonhoeffer (Anglicanism, Lutheranism) Gaucherius Materiana Waltrude April 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Anniversary of the German Invasion of Denmark (Denmark) Baghdad Liberation Day (Iraqi Kurdistan) Bataan Day or Araw ng Kagitingan (Philippines) Constitution Day (Kosovo) Day of National Unity (Georgia) Day of the Finnish Language (Finland) Feast of the Second Day of the Writing of the Book of the Law (Thelema) Martyr's Day (Tunisia) National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day (United States) Remembrance for Haakon Sigurdsson (The Troth) Vimy Ridge Day (Canada)