Flora and fauna in Netherlands

The flora and fauna in Netherlands are relatively well researched. [source? ] There is a long tradition of floristic and faunistisch research, with nowadays standing organizations like Sovon, and the Butterfly Foundation Floron . There are numerous associations with nature study deal; a number is more than Centennial active as the Dutch Entomological Society, the Netherlands bird protection, the Royal Dutch natural history Association (Association for field biology) and the Dutch Mycological Society. It is known that soortenarmis relatively very Netherlands, partly as a result of the ice ages and partly because of the uniform geography. Of the higher plant species comes in two exceptional half only for areas: Zuid-Limburg and Oostvoorne. The most important nature reserve is the Wadden Sea, or, if only the land area is considered, the dune area. There is also ' new natural ' laid out, a well-known example is the area ' Oostvaardersplassen '. Human intervention, either directly (such as hood of forests, reclamation, road construction) or indirectly (air pollution, eutrophication) has great influence on the current appearance of the landscape, on the vegetation and the flora.

The flora and fauna of Netherlands are classified in the holarctische Empire, within it in the Eurosiberische region and the Atlantic province. Plantengeografische districts In Netherlands are fifteen distinguished on the basis of differences in climate, soil and water management. These districts have their own types and environments. Come around 1,400 kinds of higher plants In Netherlands for mossesand 800 species. In addition, there are thousands of species that are no longer to the plants be counted as 4 à 5,000 types of mushrooms (macro fungi) or other fungi found and a few thousand species of lichens and algae.

A distinction can also be made for a number of animals in geographical districts, as for breeding birds. For more than 50 species of mammals come In Netherlands, about 600 species of nesting and migratory birds, tens of thousands of species of fish and invertebrates. Despite the small dimensions has Netherlands still endemic animals (species that occur only in Netherlands), such as the Large copper and Microtus oeconomus arenicola(a subspecies of the Tundra Vole).

Because of its location in Europe and the frequent traffic there is a regular supply of adventieven, which sometimes has also been introduced to be able to establish with some success as, such as the Ring-necked parakeet and the Zebra Mussel, but only relatively rarely a pest. The species are almost all relative newcomers (from after the ice ages); so are the rabbit, the pheasant and the sweet chestnut in historical times entered.The common species here are very competitive; the species that come in here's introduction on other continents a pest.

The last years tried species to reintroduce in historic times are eradicated here, sometimes with success as the raaf and other species such as the Beaver, the otter continues the result uncertain. The white-tailed eaglesettles, albeit hesitant, on your own. Return of larger predators like the wolf and the lynx remains controversial. This also applies to reintroduction of plant species by planting and restoration of natural areas by interventions as lime (to prevent acidification).





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[hide] *1 Fauna  ==Fauna[ Edit] == ===Mammals[ Edit] === ===Birds<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Fish<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ===Reptiles<span class="mw-editsection" len="343" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The sand lizard comes in mostly in the dunes for Netherlands, here a male.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Netherlands come In eight species of reptiles for: three types of snakes and five types of lizards. If one is in Netherlands a snake is most likely that it is a grass snake. The grass snake is not poisonous and is strongly tied to water, the snake hunts along the shore on frogs. The adder is less general and lives in drier environments such as forest edges and Moors. The adder is the only toxic Dutch slang, but the number of reported bites is vanishingly small. Finally, the smooth snake in Netherlands native, this is the least common species. The smooth snake hunts mainly on lizards and small mammals. All hoses are in number the most strongly concentrated around the Veluwe and the Drents Plateau.
 * 1.1 mammals
 * 1.2 Birds
 * 1.3 Fishing
 * 1.4 Reptiles
 * 1.5 Amphibians
 * 1.6 Butterflies

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The viviparous lizard is the most common lizard, this species is found in large parts of the Netherlands and lives in relatively humid grasslands and heaths. The sand lizard is mainly General in the coastal area in the dunes and is in addition to the grounds around the Veluwe and the Drents Plateau. Also the slow worms is despite the snake-like appearance a lizard and is common in the middle and South of the Netherlands. Finally, the wall lizard occurs only in southern Limburg on the ramparts of Maastricht. There are some other observations known but these are probably marked copies or wander guests.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Turtles occur naturally only in the Netherlands, not for European pond turtle is sometimes seen. Observations are known from near Nijmegen and Venlo, but these copies are wander guests from Germany. Different types of investments can enforce in Netherlands, but not reproduce, it concerns different types but especially mentioned the Red-eared slider turtle bitesand the. Another notable species is the leatherback turtle, which is not along the Dutch coast but very rarely washed up. However, In 2009, shortly after each other two copies were found a dead animal along the coast of Den Helder and a young, still living specimen was seen between Den Helder and Texel.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">All native reptiles have one thing in common; they live in an area where the temperatures are too low to actually can be buried in the soil that plants by eggs. Most Dutch reptiles are eierlevendbarendfor this reason; they do produce eggs, but the embryos develop fully in the mother body. Only when the eggs hatch in the body of the boy to the dam be ' born alive '. The sand lizard is an exception and develops though eggs that hatch after two to three months. The sand lizard is thereby only found on well-exposed places such as dunes and sand dunes where the temperature of the soil is high enough for the embryos development. The egg-producing grass snake also used hope plant material in which the eggs are deposited, the temperature of this so-called breeding hope is increased by forcing. ===Amphibians<span class="mw-editsection" len="343" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The common toad is a fairly common species in Netherlands.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Come In Netherlands 14 kinds of amphibians for; 5 9 salamanders and frogs and toads. Of the smooth Newt the salamander has the largest range and comes across the country. It is the only salamander occurs on the West Frisian Islands . The Alpine Newt is found mainly in the South for although there are also called populations scattered throughout the rest of the country are known. The great crested Newt has a larger distribution but is in the South not so widely as the Alpine Newt. The palmate Newt is only in (mainly Western) Brabant and Limburg in way. Finally comes the fire salamander found naturally in Netherlands for, but only in the South of Limburg. Of the Italian crested Newtpopulations are known from Western Gelderland, but these animals are turned off.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Known frogs and toads that in Netherlands life are the common frog and common toad, which is pretty common. The Moor frog, the bastard frog and pool frog are less general but not rare. Other species like the common midwife Toad, the natterjack Toad tree frog and are quite rare. The Yellow-bellied toad is found only in southern Limburg for.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Some frogs, such as the common frog and common toad, thrive well because it generalists are occurring in different environments feel at home. Others are as typical pioneer species such as the natterjack Toad and the common Spadefoot, which occurred in flooded pastures and other temporary waters reproduce themselves.