Conservative Party (United Kingdom)

The Conservative Party (Dutch: Conservative Party; Welsh: Y Geidwadol Bahrami), officially: Conservative and Unionist Party is the conservative party in the United Kingdom. It is the largest party of the country, and the most successful in previous elections. It is also the second oldest party of the World, after the Democratic Party in theUnited States. The current leader of the party, and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron is.

The party is part of the Group of the European conservatives and reformists in the European Parliament.



Content
[hide] *1 History  ==History[ Edit] == ===1820-1880[ Edit] === Robert Peel, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834-1835 and 1841-1846)Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of SalisburyThe modern Conservative Party originated in the thirties of the 19th century, but its predecessors have roots dating back to the 17th century. At that time there were few political alliances and operated much more independent members. From 1780 were the Whigs led by William Pitt the younger the dominant group in politics. They went more and more work with the Tories. In the late twenties of the 19th century broke a discussion on political reforms them. a Government led by Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington, was falling apart. A new coalition formed after Robert Peel . In 1834 he presented the Tamworth Manifesto, in which the basics of conservatism were expressed.
 * 1.1 1820-1880
 * 1.2 1880-1918
 * 1.3 1918-1945
 * 1.4 1945-1975
 * 1975-1997 1.5
 * 1.6 1997-present
 * 2 election results
 * 3 different streams
 * 3.1 Eennatie-conservatism
 * 3.2 Thatcherism-free-market thinkers
 * 3.3 Traditional conservatives
 * European Union 4
 * 5 external links

A Government headed by Peel in 1846 came to fall because of a conflict over the Corn laws. During the great famine had Peel at first not by how big the problem was. But when the scale became obvious, he pulled the Corn laws against the landowners in. This law to limit agricultural revenue by grain import supported. To withdraw by this law, he went in against the radical Tory protectionism. He hoped more food for the Irish population. His own party supported this decision, but the motion was approved with the support of the Whigs. The following motion was immediately rejected and Peel resigned as Prime Minister. After his death, many of his followers in 1859, along with Whigs and Radicals, unite in the Liberal Party.

The crisis had had major consequences for the strength of the conservative party. Under the leadership of Edward Smith-Stanley and Benjamin Disraeli she recovered slowly. Smith-Stanley would different minority cabinets in the 1950s and 1960s, but only in 1874 again the conservative party obtained a majority. A combination of patrioticDisraelis more ' sound and promises for social reforms forced the conservative party enough supporters got under the working class and Disraeli was Prime Minister. In 1880 he had to resign because of an election defeat. ===1880-1918[ Edit] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">From 1886, the conservative party for long periods of time to form stable governments, initially with passive support from the Liberal Unionists and from 1895 together in a coalition with them.Initially, the Prime Minister, but Lord Salisbury in 1902 he retired and handed the premiership to his nephew Arthur Balfour. It came in 1904 to a breach within the conservative party because of the policy of Joseph Chamberlain, Minister of colonies. This was itself a member of the Liberal Unionists. Chamberlain was an advocate of protectionism. This earned him much criticism. several members of the Liberal Unionists and the conservative party made the switch to the Liberal Party. Among them was Winston Churchill. The situation was exacerbated by the outbreak of the Boer War, which could count on little support among the population. At the parliamentary elections in 1906 members both parties a great defeat and there came a Liberal government. The conservative party managed to make up a large part of her loss in the parliamentary elections in January 1910 and december 1910. As a result, the Liberals were forced to ask their Government for the support of Irish nationalists. However, the support of the Government took further by the outbreak of the first world war, and a number of mistakes that were made in the beginning. The conservative party returned to the Government, initially still together with the Liberals, but in 1918 as the dominant party in the Government of Lloyd George. ===1918-1945<span class="mw-editsection" len="358" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1923-1924, 1924-1929 and 1935-1937)Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940-1945 and 1951-1955)<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For years afterwards it seemed possible that the Liberals and conservatives together would blend into a new party, but the Liberals refused to give up their identity and thereby themomentumdisappeared. Differences over the relationship with the Soviet Union, the treatment of trade unions and the Irish issue made sure that more and more Conservatives wanted to break with the Government. Party leader Bonar Law had to resign in 1921 because cancer was found him and he was succeeded by Austen Chamberlain. This had its party not under control and in October 1922 the Conservatives withdrew their support for the Government of Lloyd George. Chamberlain resigned and was succeeded by Bonar Law, who was persuaded to make his return in politics. In May 1923 he finally performed as a result of his illness and he died shortly afterwards. Its successor was the relatively unknown Stanley Baldwin. The party reached a new high under his leadership. He pursued social reforms after and managed various stable cabinets. In 1931 Baldwin knew – as last to date-even to achieve an absolute majority in the elections.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1937, Baldwin succeeded by Neville Chamberlain. This would go down in history as the man who thought to have saved the world peace ("Peace for our time") by a treaty with Adolf Hitler in 1938 on the annexation of the Sudetenland by Germany. When Germany invaded Poland in september 1939 was becoming more untenable his position. However, until May 1940 Chamberlain would be succeeded by Winston Churchill who, during the war years led a national coalition. ===1945-1975<span class="mw-editsection" len="358" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Edward Heath, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1970-1974)<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Shortly after the war, the Conservatives lost the election and came a Labour Government. The conservative party returned with Churchill In 1951 to head back into the Government. They agreed with many of the reforms that Labour had deployed but also a number of them turned back, such as the nationalisation of the steel industry. In 1955, Churchill back in favour of Anthony Eden. This was very popular as Foreign Minister, but his Government got into trouble by overheating of the politics. In 1956 tried United Kingdom in cooperation with France and Israel to conquer the Suez Canal back when this Egypt nationalized. The u.s. Government of Dwight Eisenhower, however, forced the European powers along with the Soviet Union to withdraw. E position was untenable and early 1957 he resigned "because of health problems".

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Eden was succeeded by Harold Macmillan that the image of the Government tried to resettle by focusing on economic growth. In 1959, he led campaign under the slogan "you've never had it so good". The Macmillan Government got to do with a backlash when at the beginning of the 1960s, unemployment rose. This effect was exacerbated by the resignation of John Profumo, Minister of war, by what came to be known as the Profumo affair. In October 1963 he was terminal cancer found at Macmillan and resigned. He was succeeded by Alec Douglas-Home, but this failed to win the elections in 1964.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The conservative party in 1964 about stepped on a system in which the new leader was chosen by the House of Commons group. Douglas-home was succeeded by Edward Heathin 1965.Heath lost the parliamentary elections in 1966 and more and more voices called for his resignation, in part because of alleged health problems. Heath refused and surprised many by winning the elections in 1969. Heath was Prime Minister. His premiership was one of the more controversial periods in the history of the conservative party. Monetary policy failed and unemployment rose. This was accompanied by a high inflation. The Troubles in Northern Ireland forced Heath to the Parliament of Northern Ireland to dissolve. Northern Ireland fell under the direct rule of the British. As a result, the conservative party lost the support of the Ulster Unionist Party in the British Parliament. This had consequences for subsequent years in which it was difficult for the conservative party to find enough support in Parliament for its plans.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Heath itself saw the accession of the United Kingdom to the European Economic Community as one of his greatest successes, but this was a very controversial theme in his party. The 1973 oil crisis caused a further inflation and in response, extra salary demands in the coal industry. The Government refused to go into these requirements and that led to massive strikes and actions, leaving much less electricity was available. This led to a rationing of electricity by the Government. Heath wrote fresh elections under the slogan "Who Governs Britain?" The conservative party, however, was not at all ready for new elections and the miners indicated they did not see how a re-election of the Government would contribute to a solution of the situation. The Conservative Party was further affected by the death of Ian Macleod and the resignation of Enoch Powell. This could not be found in the accession of the United Kingdom to the EEC and called on voters to vote for Labour. In the elections, the Liberal Party and several smaller regional parties a striking vote. The conservative party failed to form a Government together with the Liberal Party, after which Heath resigned as Prime Minister. ===1975-1997<span class="mw-editsection" len="358" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979-1990)<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1975 Margaret Thatcher became leader of the party. At the time of the parliamentary elections in 1979 inflation was increased to above 20 percent. On that wave of displeasure, she was chosen as Prime Minister, after them as opposition leader a vote of no confidence against James Callaghan 's LibLab pact had won with a majority of one vote. They pursued the privatisation of public companies after and was in favour of and free-market-approach. This policy ensured that some social layers were dissatisfied about the policy of the Government. The policy became known as Thatcherism. She managed to reduce inflation to 4 percent, but this led to increased unemployment. Especially in the mining sector lost many workers their jobs. Thatcher also strove to reduce the power of the trade unions. They found that this obstructed, through their actions, economic growth. That idea was partly fueled by the actions of the trade unions at the time of the premiership of her predecessor Heath.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1983 and 1987, they twice a large election victory. At the first elections, there was little opposition from Labour, because this party was internally divided. In 1982 reached its popularity a climax by her leadership in the Falklands war. Labour in elections in 1987 appeared with Neil Kinnock at the head to be able to offer more serious opposition, but in the meantime, the economy was attracted and thereby had the Government of Thatcher the wind in the sails.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The introduction of the Community Charge, a new tax system, better known as Thatcher poll tax, however, was fatal. On 31 March 1990 it came to violent unrest and street fighting in London.Labour in the polls and her her pursued beyond position came in the own party for discussion. She was succeeded as party leader and Prime Minister by John Major. Within two months the Conservative Party was again equal to Labour in the polls. In the meantime, hit the economy in the doldrums, but the elections in 1992 were by Major won. The success was mainly due to Majors ' claim that the United Kingdom under a Labour Government would get even higher prices and taxes.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The economy deteriorated in the following years, and reduced the popularity of the Conservative Party at the expense of those of Labour. At the parliamentary elections in 1997, Labour led byTony Blair a record victory. Only members of the conservative party had come from England. In Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales was no MP on behalf of the party chosen. ===1997-present<span class="mw-editsection" len="359" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === David Cameron, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2010-present)<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The new leader of the party was William Hague that already as a 16-year-old made a career in the party. In the elections of 2001 he focused strongly on Europe. In these elections the party only won one seat since the previous poll, and William Hague stepped on as leader. The new leader was then Iain Duncan Smith. He was very skeptical of the European Union. In 2003 he was the opposition leader in Parliament. When the party had no confidence left in him, he was succeeded by Michael Howard, on 6 november 2003.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At the 2005 general election the conservative party made a little progress, but could not prevent the Labour Party was the largest again. The Conservatives booked a profit of 33 seats. On may 6, one day after the election, Michael Howard made known that he would resign as leader of the party.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">When David Cameron became leader of the party, the party increased tremendously in the polls. Since becoming the new leader of the party, the number of members has risen sharply (around 290,000 members), even more Labour (around 200,000 members). One reason for the increased popularity was also at Labour. Tony Blair got a lot of criticism because of his participation in theIraq war and his successor Gordon Brown did in the imaging too little to combat the financial crisis that broke out. Since the parliamentary elections of 2010 are the Conservatives the largest party in Parliament again, albeit without majority. The Conservative Party was thereby forced for the first time in 70 years to form a formal coalition Government, for which she with the centre-left Liberal Democrats went into the sea. ==Election Results<span class="mw-editsection" len="368" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p lang="en" len="117" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">An overview of the election results of the conservative party in elections to the British House of Commons: ==Different currents<span class="mw-editsection" len="371" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There are different streams within the Conservative Party (have been). Most prominent are shown here. Not every politician can clearly be counted to a group. John Major was considered a much more often in practice Thatcherist while he went out on the free market. ===Eennatie-conservatism<span class="mw-editsection" len="370" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Eennatie-conservatism ("One Nation Conservatism") was the dominant ideology throughout most of the twentieth century. Only at the time of the Thatcherism ideology to lost influence. Prime Ministers belonged to her supporters as Baldwin, Macmillan and Heath. The name itself came from Benjamin Disraeli. The Eennatie-conservatism is a belief in social cohesion and the expectation that social institutions can contribute to the harmony between different interest groups, classes and – more recently, ethnic groups and religions. These institutions include the welfare State, the BBC and local government. Some also believe that the European Union can be seen as important Institute to contribute to cohesion at the international level, while others strongly reject the EU. Eennatie-Conservatives do often rely on Edmund Burke with his emphasis on Civil Society, and as a counter force against radical political movements and ideas. ===Thatcherism-free-market thinkers<span class="mw-editsection" len="379" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The second dominant flow believes in the free market, and is also sometimes described as Thatcherism. They were the dominant flow after the arrival of Margaret Thatcher as party leader in 1975. She sees it as its task to reduce the role of Government, and is committed to cutting taxes, reducing the welfare State and the privatization of industries that are in the hands of the State. Important advocates of the free market were among other things Michael Portillo, Daniel Hannan and William Hague. The flow is also associated with the classless society. Under the free-market thinkers are also many Eurosceptics. They see the EU as a threat to the free market and/or the British sovereignty. ===Traditional conservatives<span class="mw-editsection" len="375" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A third major group within the conservative party are the traditional conservatives. They have United around the Cornerstone Group. It puts the emphasis on different traditional values: faith, flag and family ("Faith, Flag, and Family"). Important institutions are the Church of England, the State and the family. They put emphasis on the Anglican heritage of England and against transferring more power to the European Union. Most Traditionalists lay a strong emphasis on the marriage as an institution and for a stricter immigration policy and stricter abortion laws. Some of them have also argued for the death penalty. ==European Union<span class="mw-editsection" len="361" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the expulsions of Daniel Hannan and Roger Helmer from the EPP-EDgroup in the European Parliament, to which all Tory-delegates belong, bleaching the ideological differences between the conservativeEuropean people's Party and the Party become too big and the conservative party leader David Cameron decided to starting from 2009 all Tory elected representatives to bring in another group. The name circulated for that purpose was Movement for European Reform. He got the support of the Czech Civic Democratic Party) and the Bulgarian Union of democratic forces. The final name of this new European conservatives and reformists group.