Religion in Netherlands

This article treats religion in Netherlands.

Religions in Netherlands in 2006. [1]  █ █  Non-religious-51.3%

█ █  Roman Catholic-24.6%

█ █  Protestant-14.8%

█ █  Muslim-5.8% [2]

█ █  Hindu-1.4%

█ █  Buddhist-1.2%

<span len="2" style="border-style:none;color:rgb(16,0,255);">█ █  Else-0.9% <p len="0" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">

Content
[hide] *1 History <p len="0" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;"> ==History<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Prehistory and antiquity<span class="mw-editsection" len="349" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Nehalennia Stelae to 150-250 ad.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The oldest information about the profession of religion by the inhabitants of the zones that now "Netherlands" forms come from the Romans. Contrary to what ancient sources seem to suggest, although clearly the Rhine formed the border of the Roman Empire, but certainly not the border between residential areas of Celts and Teutons; so there was talk of Germans to the South (Germani cisrhenani) and many place names and archaeological finds indicate the presence of Celts in the North. Between these "celto-Germanic peoples" and later also with the Roman conquerors (romanization) has a strong cultural exchange occurred. So it can be seen that the polytheistic tribes took over each other's gods and stories, from both the Germanic, Celtic as the later Roman mythology. Gods as Hludana , Nehalenniaand Sandraudiga are of indigenous (Celtic) origin, the Germans have gods Wodanand Donar as Frigg, (see also Freya) taken from Scandinavia , and for example Jupiter, Minerva and Venus are introduced by the Romans. Tacitus also described the creation myth of Mannus, the primitive man from which all Germanic tribes would have emerged. The Celts and Teutons in the low countries had very probably also tree shrines, along the lines of the old Norse Yggdrasil and the Saxon Irminsul and the current Donareik in Germany; probably came with the Romans and temples are still preserved in for example Empel and Elst. ===Middle Ages<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Early Christian gravestone (5th/6th century), Basilica of Saint Servatius, MaastrichtThe Oudsaksische baptismal vow <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">From the 4th to the 6th century AD, the Great Migration took place, at which the little Celtic-Germanic-Roman tribes in the low countries were gradually supplanted by three major Germanic tribes: the Franks, the Saxonsand the Frisians . About 500 go the Franks, initially living between the Rhine and the Somme, massively (forced by their King Clovis I) over on the Christianity. A large part of the area south of the Maas belonged from the early Middle Ages until 1559 to the kempenland aartsdiakonaat, that was part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tongeren-Maastricht-Liège. From the centers of that diocese, successively the cities Maastricht , Tongerenand Liège, was probably this part of Netherlands Christianized.According to tradition, the first Bishop of Maastrichtin 384, Servatius, buried in this city, although only from Bishop Domitian (ca. 535) to Maastricht was a fact that they perform.
 * 1.1 prehistory and antiquity
 * 1.2 middle ages
 * 1.3 early modern period
 * 1.4 19th century
 * 1.4.1 Protestants
 * 1.4.2 Catholics
 * 1.4.3 Secularists
 * 1.5 twentieth century
 * 1.5.1 Verzuildheid
 * 1.5.2 anti-Semitism and persecution of Jews
 * 1.5.3 breakthrough or herzuiling?
 * 1.5.4 Secularisation and diversification
 * 1.6 Recent developments
 * Statistics of the CBS 2
 * 2.1 national history
 * 2.2 regional history
 * 3 statistics: Member registration
 * 4 Other statistics
 * 4.1 Kerksheid
 * 4.2 Predecessors
 * 5 see also
 * 6 external links
 * 7 Literature
 * 8 Nuts

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">From the end of 7th century sought from England and Ireland-based missionaries like Boniface, Lebuinus, Plechelmus Liudgerand Willehad, especially Willibrord , the inhabitants of the areas north of the large rivers to repent, with varying degrees of success, as evidenced by the (not always reliable) Saints ' lives out there written about them later. In addition to successful sermons, there are also failures, such as the refusal of the Frisian pagan King Radboud to itself by Wulfram to be baptized, because he in the Sky by to convert would come;Radboud chose an afterlife for his parents who are according to Wulfram stood in the hell . The diligent Boniface who also tried to convert the Frisians in 754 to Dokkum was murdered.After the Frisian–Frankish wars (ca. 600-793) and Saxonia wars (772-804) fall all the low countries under the rule of the Christian Frankish Kings, which the residents wanted to not only religious but also political topics. An important source of that time is the Oudsaksische baptism vow, stating how its ancient gods (described as "devils") must renounce violence and adopt the Trinity . However, it takes at least another to 1000 honor all "pagan" natives to actually-with fire and sword- Christianized and the Frisian and Saxon religions are extinct, although elements were retrieved in the Christian religion.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The centuries after Christianity is the only religion in the low countries. Religious life was omnipresent in medieval society. Important abbeys such as Rolduc, Susteren, Sint-Odiliënbergand had an enormous influence on the Egmond countryside. Utrecht and Maastricht In the Christian centres were powerful chapters established. Starting from the 13th century settled in many cities monastery- and orders, such as Franciscans, Dominicans and Knights of the Teutonic order. Driven by piety, but also for other reasons, many in the 12th and 13th centuries took part in the crusades to the Holy Land (see among other Frisian participation in the Crusades).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" len="172" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [3]  Where there in lawsuits to volksgerichten yet existed in the 12th century, often by means of a person's guilt or innocence were unmindful of God's judgments, the clerical and secular powers in the course of the 12th century more and more their tips on the case-law: the Church determined the rules (in particular by the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215) and the Princes maintained the order. At the end of the middle ages, the modern devotion (among others Geert Grote and Thomas a Kempis) for spiritual renewal, but only under the influence of humanism ( Erasmusamong others) changed the worldview basically, and shifted from atheocentrische to an anthropocentric view of the world. ===Early modern period<span class="mw-editsection" len="344" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Reformation led in the northern Netherlands, as in many other areas of Europe, to much bloodshed, both by executions of alleged heretics, if as a result of wars of religion. The eighty years ' war (1568-1648) was partly a conflict between Catholics and Protestants (especially Calvinistsin Netherlands), which eventually led to a split of the Habsburg Netherlands in a predominantly Protestant United Provinces and the Spanish Netherlandsuniformly Catholic. Although in the northern Netherlands from 1579 the Dutch Reformed Church (later Dutch Reformed Church) was publicly given preferential treatment over other churches, this church never become a State Church . Since 1580 was the public exercise of the Catholic worship in the under the authority of the States General standing areas officially forbidden. Papal authority and the Episcopal hierarchy were not recognized, nor the Church following the reclassification of 1579 Papal Bull Super 1559 in order. For the Catholic Church was ' Holland ' a mission area. In generality lands and the other generality lands was the ecclesiastical situation more complicated and Catholicism was condoned. In the herige city of Maastricht, two Catholics and Protestants had equal rights. In the territories which are directly under the authority of theHoly Roman Empire fell (such as the Gulikse areas, and the State County of Wittem Principality of Thorn Abbey) was the only legal religion Catholicism. Although Catholics, as well as Jews, Lutherans and other denominations, in the Dutch Republic until 1796 were treated as second-class citizens, they were after the twelve years ' truce was no longer persecuted and their existence on the margins of society be tolerated. The souls fisheries, [http://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=nl&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAdriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne Adriaen Pietersz. van de Venne], 1614.

Allegory on the zeal of the religions during the twelve years ' truce. The River draws the from now on clear separation between North and South. Left the Protestants with among others the Prince Maurits andFrederick Henry. Fish in the foreground the Protestants; their nets are marked with Spes , Fidesand Caritas. The Catholics with right Archdukes Albert and Isabella, Pope Paul V Spinola and worn by Cardinals. A Bishop with his fishing boat to people in the Catholic priests.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">An important event for Calvinists was the Synod of dort (1618-1619), where a hoogopgelopen between Arminiusand Gomarus' remonstrants ' fuss about the predestination was decided in favor of the latter. The controversy had nearly led to a civil war because it is a political hue then got the big two leaders of the Republic of Oldenbarneveldt's Johan Maurits of Orange by interfering with it and themselves; the remonstrant Oldenbarneveldt's lost and was sure beheaded. It was further decided at the Synod to the development of the King James Bible (completed in 1637), so that in the future the Dutch Bible could be read.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Protestants and Catholics lived mainly separated from each other. The border between the Protestant and Catholic areas ran right through Netherlands from southwest to East: by Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, the West and North of North Brabant, the South and East of Twenteand Gelderland by.The areas south and East of those imaginary border were Catholic, the areas north and West of it were Protestant. Especially in the Western provinces of North and South Holland and Utrecht, however, there were also a number of Catholic and mixed areas; for example lived in the densely populated North Holland more Catholics than in North Brabant.<sup class="noprint nopopups" len="308" style="line-height:1;"> [source?]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The in comparison with the surrounding overseas large tolerance towards other religions also pulled from the 17th century a large number of small (especially Protestant) denominations, which were severely persecuted elsewhere. Especially the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and theSalzburger Emigrationspatent in 1731 provided a strong immigration of French Huguenots and respectively South-German Lutherans. René Descartes found a safe haven in the Republic, and also the philosophers Baruch Spinoza and Adriaen Koerbagh spread their innovative often anti-authoritarian and worldviews, and made vrijheidsbepleitende (according to historian Jonathan Israel) Netherlands up to the center of the radical Enlightenment. They were hotly contested by theologian Gisbertus Voetius, that preserving the old doctrine of pleaded and the Calvinist University theology tried to bring in daily practice, and was an important advocate of the Further Reformation. Voetius came especially in collision withJohannes Cocceius, who believed that God ever changed his Covenant with man, and that provided in the Old Testament had a different authority than that of the New Testament, and thus did include the Sunday rest not be maintained. ===Nineteenth century<span class="mw-editsection" len="343" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">From the nineteenth-century census records show that there was a long time Protestant majority and a Catholic minority. The ratio was 59.1% < reformed in 1829 and 39.0% Catholics (present-day Belgium, which from 1815 to 1830/1839 was part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, not counting), and further by 1.8% there was a small Jewish minority. Lost their absolute majority against 1899 were the reformed (48.6%), the Catholics shrunk to 35.2%, the reformed Calvinists amounted to 8.2% of the discontinued; the other Protestants (including Mennonites, luthersen, remonstranten, apostolischen, Baptist etc.) formed 3.7%, the "UN-churched" 2.3%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NLRGS_330_4-0" len="182" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[4]  In the first half of the century lost the reformed many privileges on the Catholics, between 1806 and 1917 the school struggle on the assimilation of public and special education, and started at the end of the century the secularization and the denominational segregation to religion or ideology. ====Protestants<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== The development of Protestant denominations in Netherlands from 1816 until 2006. Click on the thumbnail to enlarge.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Dutch Reformed Church had lost its privileged position in the French time, when for the first time a separation of Church and State came into being. In 1816 King William I of the Netherlands subjected her to a new regulation, and renamed her to Dutch Reformed Church (NHK); This was seen by some as unwanted State interference in church matters. During the secession of 1834 tore a group of conservative Protestants led by Hendrik de Cock away from the NHK, and initially called himself "Reformed Church".To that had "reformed" and "gereformeerd" meant the same, but now they were for their own flow within the Dutch Protestantism. The secession of 1834 was just the first of many schismata who would play within the next 200 years the conservative wing of the Protestant Netherlands.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The orthodox Protestants began in the last quarter of the century to spoils of party. Abraham Kuyper developed the so called ' neocalvinisme ' as a guideline for what he called the "kleyne luyden". In the context of Kuyper founded the school struggle in 1879, the first Dutch political party at ARP. He suggested the antithesis, a political strategy that aims for cooperation between confessionelen (Protestants and Catholics) to secularists (Liberals and Socialists) beyond the power to keep. In 1880 became by Kuyper and others founded the Free University of Amsterdam, in which education could be given ' free ' of State intervention. The next step of Kuyper and his kindred spirits with theDoleantiein 1886, came after the secession the largest church schism in the 19th century, a large group of orthodox circles which Kuyper again from the NHK led to form theDolerende Church .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1892 the Dolerenden reconciled with the lion's share of the Dissenters (which by then already had a few schismata and partial reconciliations) in the reformed churches in the Netherlands. The total of Calvinists, who only since 1889 in official statistics were distinguished by the reformed and ' other Protestants ', in 1899 amounted to 8.2% of the Dutch population.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NLRGS_330_4-1" len="182" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [4] ====Catholics<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== Religious relations in Netherlands, 1849<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The setting of the Dutch Reformed Church (NHK) in 1816 was a setback for the Dutch Catholics; they had in the French time been given equality vis-à-vis their fellow countrymen the Dutch Reformed Church lost her publicly privileged status. The NHK appeared with the rules to be a quasi-State Church and the Catholics second-class citizens again. This was especially notable because in the period 1815-1830/39 within the United Kingdom of the Netherlands the Dutch (Belgian) almost entirely Catholic South population along with the (North) to the reformed Dutch Catholics a minority made: the Catholics formed with 62.7% of the total population in 1830 the absolute majority, while the reformed share was reduced to 21.6%. The revolution of 1830, which nowadays often is called the "Belgian" Rebellion, also led among Catholics in northern Netherlands to rebellion, in which government troops to predominantly Catholic regions were sent to keep order, fearing that rebellion would extend to the North.Because the rebellion was limited to the South, such as during the eighty years ' war the revolt remained limited in the long run to the North, it came back to a divorce, and so came the (Northern) Dutch Catholics back into the minority position.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">It was through the constitutional reform of 1848 by the liberal Thorbecke, which stipulated that all religions were equal for the State, but also non-reformed Protestants that Catholics and Jews were no longer discriminated against, and the restoration of the Episcopal hierarchy in Netherlands possible. With the Papal Bull Ex in terms of Which of 4 March 1853 was completed, but came here fiercely Protestant opposition to immediately in the form of the April movement, which wanted to keep a Protestant country Netherlands. King William III had sympathy for the resistance, refused to give up and broke the separation of Church and State, which led to the fall of the Netherlands cabinet Thorbecke. However, the recovery was finally implemented and came a law on denominations, the aim now to calm the religious tempers in Netherlands.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The following decades, the Catholic emancipation in the sign of the commitment both to the Netherlands as Holy See to be faithful; This nationalism and ultramontanismewanted sometimes clash. When the Papal States was threatened by the Italian armies, have relatively a lot of Dutch Catholics the Pope served as zoeaaf to prove their loyalty. In the last quarter of the 19th century gradually the pillarization began to take shape, and the Catholic pillar has always been most strongly to stand out compared to the other columns in Netherlands. Often the creation of the Catholic University of Nijmegen in 1923 seen as the crowning glory of the Catholic Emancipation. ====Secularists<span class="mw-editsection" len="337" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== Darwin's origin of species continued thinking about the origin of all life on its head. Already in 1860 became his book to the Dutch translated, here's a translation from 1913.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Until the French revolution it was part of the Dutch population that his life is secular (ie: not (primarily) religious) devised the minimal. From the 18th century there were some among the small elite of enlightenment philosophers called freethinkers, and after arrival of the French revolutionaries and their allies were in 1796 "Batavian" many lighting ideas as separation of Church in is put into practice, and all citizens were allowed to confess their faith or lack of it in future smoking; Jews were given full civil right. For the time being, and also after the French period, the number of secularists remained limited. The liberalism came as philosophical-political movement without religious basis from the Enlightenment, all were initially also in addition to the vast majority of Dutch liberals liberal protestant or Catholic.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A strong secular worldview was by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels from 1848 propagated in their Communist Manifesto, the basis for socialism, in which they oppose religion, monarchism and militarism, but especially against capitalism, that strongly to mind by the industrial revolution. However, industrialized Netherlands comparatively late, and only at the end of the nineteenth century (after 1880) begins the secularization and under the influence of more and more socialism in particular UN-churched. Especially the Protestants losses in the following decades many members. This is particularly true for the Dutch Reformed Church, which also loses to the many members of this church separated reformed churches.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The secular ideologies liberalism and socialism were a product of the modernization, which was powered by the rapid progress of the sciences. Increasingly, the latest insights traditional religion in doubt, particularly as the theory of evolution that Charles Darwin 1859 in origin of species put it, that scientific evidence supplied that the current life forms are derived from one common ancestor and are createdseparately. Also works of Bible researchers as David Friedrich Strauss with his Das Leben Jesu critical bearbeitet (1835) andErnest Renan with his La vie de Jésus (1863), that the life of Jesus Christ approached historical-critical and much of the Bible thus ontkrachtten as scientifically reliable information source scanned to serious Christian faith truths. The works of Darwin, Strauss, Renan and others were taken to the Dutch translated, and got acclaim by Dutchmen such as Pieter Harting, Tiberius Cornelis Winkler, Abraham Kuenen and Johannes van Vloten, who also wrote about biblical studies or skilled and evolutionary biology. Initially, the work of these scholars only under a highly trained public read, and their ideas often deemed to be compatible with the traditional religions, but that would change. In 1899 still gave only 2.3% of the Dutch are at the 2000 census as "onkerkelijk", but their share would grow steadily thereafter.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NLRGS_330_4-2" len="182" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [4] ===Twentieth century<span class="mw-editsection" len="342" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ====Verzuildheid<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At the beginning of the 20th century, culminating with the Netherlands was strong pillarized inter-war years, hit. Every major religious or secular ethnic group had its own political party (s), Church (s), schools and universities, newspapers and radio, and often sports or scouting associations that mainly lived separately from each other, to within their own community with the own thought to be well educated and at the discretion of that community to live. Typically, there are four groups are differentiated: the Roman-Catholics (most strongly organized), Protestants (Calvinists to reformed and divided), Socialists (including Communists, Socialists and anarchists) and Liberals (although they were actually against them, was left a kind of leftover pillarisation ' liberal/neutral ' column). ====Anti-Semitism and persecution of Jews<span class="mw-editsection" len="360" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the 19th century was the anti-Semitism in Europe greatly increased, which led to different in Russia and pogroms in Western Europe are uttered in public discrimination, such as the infamous novel, Jean Barois, in France.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" len="172" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [5]  although there is also a tradition of prejudices about in Netherlands and discrimination of Jews existed, came there in the 19th century not made a virulent anti-Semitism in politics as in Germany;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" len="172" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [6]  although held Dutch Jews to Jewish traditions and rituals, they took the religious meaning less and less seriously and increasingly secularised and became integrated into Dutch society.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" len="172" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [7]  when the great depression in the 1930sled to high unemployment among workers, especially the emerging National Socialists gave the Jews the debt <sup class="noprint nopopups" len="308" style="line-height:1;">[source?]. When more and more openly in nazi Germany Jews were persecuted, weeks many forward to Netherlands (about 20,000 from 1933<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Eijnatten321_8-0" len="185" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8] ). The Government feared that this would strengthen the Dutch anti-Semitism and National-Socialist parties such as the NSB and grow the Black Front <sup class="noprint nopopups" len="308" style="line-height:1;">[citation needed], and decided to restrict immigration <sup class="noprint nopopups" len="308" style="line-height:1;">[source?]. After Netherlands may 1940 Germany occupied, were Jews first socially excluded, then rounded up and deported to concentration camps and finally largely (about 73% or 100,000 people) killed by the occupying forces.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Eijnatten321_8-1" len="185" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [8]  this is largely caused by high level of integration and assimilation of Dutch Jews and by the willingness of the Dutch bureaucracy in order to cooperate with the Germans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Eijnatten321_8-2" len="185" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [8]  only a small group helped the Germans from anti-Semitic belief; a third group committed to help Jews in hiding, for example, opposed by risking their lives. When after the war showed that only 20,000 of the 140,000 Jews had survived the persecution in 1940,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Eijnatten321_8-3" len="185" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8]  that under the Dutch population brought a shock of horror and guilt <sup class="noprint nopopups" len="308" style="line-height:1;">[source?], a fierce call for religious tolerance and sympathy for the Foundation of a Jewish State in Palestine(Zionism) effect <sup class="noprint nopopups" len="308" style="line-height:1;">[citation needed]. Many Jews had after the war no longer trust guarantees for their security and Dutch emigrated, partly as a result of Zionism, to Israel.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" len="172" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [9] ====Breakthrough or herzuiling?<span class="mw-editsection" len="352" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== The Bible translation of 1951 which had to be acceptable for all churches in Netherlands.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the war the Dutch people's movement to achieve the breakthrough thought, i.e. breaking the Catholic, Protestant, Socialist and liberal columns and to achieve a broad progressive political party. From this came the labour party (PvdA), in which leading citizens of all currents were represented. The expected breakthrough, however, came not: especially the Roman Catholic Church sought soon after the liberation to rebuild the old faith community and to bind its members, called herzuiling. The associatedCatholic people's Party (KVP) won the elections of 1946 of the Labour Party, and also the Protestant ARP and CHU were luring the Refoundation voters away from the perfect breakthrough. As the two largest parties formed the KVP and PvdA from 1945 to 1958 wide Roman-red coalitions, sometimes together with the smaller liberal VVD or the ARP, CHU (1945-' 46 VDB).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Nevertheless, especially among the Dutch Catholics increasingly tend to fail to comply with the strict social rules of the column to keep.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [10]  the celebration of one hundred years crosier in 1953 (the centenary of the restoration of the Episcopal hierarchy) had to give confidence to the Dutch Catholics group inside and outside. But recently the call there by Cardinal de Jong to stay one, exercised especially Socialist ideas from their influence on many Catholic Dutch not to behave strictly to church rules. In response to this, appeared the Bishop's monitory of 1954, in which the bishops membership of Socialist organizations prohibited: one belonged within the own column on joining a Catholic organization. The Monitory had above all a backfire, because it as pedantic and frantically felt hindered in his freedom of choice and experienced. The Catholic pillar started becoming larger cracks and finally collapsed in the late 1960s, as well as the other less strongly defined columns. ====Secularisation and diversification<span class="mw-editsection" len="361" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), that strove to aggiornamento (the ' bring ' at the time of the faith) and resourcing (' regeneration '), brought important reforms for Catholics worldwide, especially focused on a more active role for the laity. So was the vernacular instead of Latin in the liturgy, the priest now stood with his face instead of his back to the church-goers, and was approached other Christian and non-Christian movements. The opinions were divided on the reforms: they went too far, not far enough or were they just right? In Netherlands followed the Pastoral Council (1966-1970), to determine how the Vatican reforms had to be applied in the Dutch Church province; There was talk about among other ecclesiastical authority, mission, development cooperation, Christian ethical attitude to life, marriage and family, space for youth, contemporary religion, secularisation, religious faith practice, innovative, functioning of mediation, unity of Christians, relationship between Jews and Christians and promote peace mentality.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [11]  this unique event was through the media followed by Catholics worldwide.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [12]  The most radical proposal made by the Pastoral Council, the abolition of celibacy, was eventually denied by the Vatican.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The importance of ecumenism and the desire for more unity within the Christian churches rose, also at the Protestants. In 1961, founded the Group of eighteen who aspired to the undo of several Protestant Church schisms. In 2004 this resulted in the creation of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands, a merger between the Dutch Reformed Church, the reformed churches in the Netherlands (by far the largest reformed denomination) and the small Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. At the same time modern theologians introduced new views on the traditional faith, such as the influential reformed Harry Kuitert, according to who God is a human construction, which was invented to provide the life of meaning. On the other hand, putting conservative Protestants to the secularization, such as the Evangelical Broadcasting.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The decompartmentalization or confirmed secularist, clearly visible from the early 1960s and in the 1970s on a highlight, led to a ontkerkelijkings wave, which also continues in the close-knit Catholic community. TheGod is dead-thought was exceptionally strong during the May 1968uprisings in international students, which manifested itself mainly in Amsterdam and Nijmegen in Netherlands. The boundaries between the religious and philosophical communities, which by the denominational segregation and spatial separation were pretty tight, disappeared slowly. In the same period with the influx of large groups of immigrants the country within different ' exotic ' religions, such as islam, Hinduism and Buddhismthe. These new religions are concentrated especially in the big cities. ===Recent developments<span class="mw-editsection" len="350" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === SGP-voters by municipality (2003), indication of the Bible belt. In this region themost conservative Protestant Christians live and the secularization the slowest.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [13] <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The SCP brought a study in september 2006 under the title: religious changes in Netherlands. It turns out that since the 1960s the number of churchgoers in Netherlands has fallen dramatically. In the year 2000 was 62% of Dutch people not connected with one or other religion. By 2020 this figure runs on to 72%. In this study, one that predicted from 2006 the annual islam would continue to grow. In 2000, 5% of the Dutch Islamic, and according to the report, this would increase to about 8% by 2020. However by a later (in 2007) review of the CBS definition regarding who is Muslim or not, this is not released.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the last years, there has been a revival of religious sentiment in Netherlands by the influx of immigrants <sup class="noprint nopopups" len="308" style="line-height:1;">[source?]. Not only among Muslims, Hindus but also by the Foundation of a host of new immigrant Christian church communities, as evidenced by the desire for new (partly already realized) Church buildings in Amsterdam (Bijlmer) and the Hague (binckhorst). The religious experience among natives is very greatly diminished compared to 50 years ago: baptisms, getting married in the Church and the weekly church attendance are something of the past for natives, also for those natives that indicate to be faithful in the CBS samples. Especially the ' required ' weekly Sunday church attendance is now no longer observed (church attendance in Netherlands is significantly less than 10%). An exception to these developments form the Orthodox Christian believers, for whom religion including the Sunday duty for many still a central place in life. However in the latter group is the number of times that one goes to church on a Sunday do wonder. Different churches are already stopped organizing a third Sunday church service<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[14] .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The secularization has the personal religious affiliation of the Dutch changed considerably and especially blurred. After a period of ' edge ' from Churchianity is the line between Church and faith no more clear draw: there are unbelievers in the Church who continue to visit services from community spirit or for other reasons, believers outside the Church who distance themselves from the "Institute Church", Liberals within the Church that only part of dogma, beliefs and rituals follow, and finally, people who have left the Church (and faith)but there is still a hot band feel and/or often associate with it yet (for example, people who call themselves ' Catholic culture '<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[15] ). In addition, there are ' gradations ' in which one can believe intheism, (24%), doubt (agnosticism,atheismor not believe (26%), 14%) in God (or gods), but by far most Dutch say believing in ' something ' (ietsism, 36%).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[16] ==Statistics for the CBS<span class="mw-editsection" len="352" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">According to the Central Bureau of statistics samples gave in 2012, 46 percent of the adult population (over 18 years) to be non-religious. This is an increase of 6 percentage points compared to 1999. 27 percent of the adult gave to Catholic, 18 percent regarded themselves to be protestant (reformed, reformed or PKN) conformed to Islam, 4 percent and 6 percent was counting to another religion (Hindus, Buddhists, Jews etc.).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [17]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[18] <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The data are from the decennial census records until 1971, the estimates after 1971 are taken from the WRIST of the Central Bureau of statistics (CBS). This is an annual representative survey on the living conditions of the population deemed, for which every year some ten thousand people are being questioned, including Christ. The non-response answers are ignored. About a third of those surveyed does not answer the question of which religion/religion one has. ===National history<span class="mw-editsection" len="356" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p len="4" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;"> ===Regional history<span class="mw-editsection" len="356" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === ==Statistics: Member registration<span class="mw-editsection" len="358" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Scientific Council for Government policy published in the report published in december 2006 believe in the public domain<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WRR_24-0" len="178" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[24]  a very comprehensive overview of the members of the different religions in Netherlands numbers at the end of 2005 with as far as is known, a subdivision to the different faith communities (with a membership greater than 10,000). According to the research of the Scientific Council for Government policy report at the end of 2005 approximately 7,132 million Netherlands counted Christians (around 40 percent) of the Dutch population and approximately 950,000 Muslims, (almost 6 percent) of the population. In addition, and a few smaller religious communities (Hindus, Buddhists, Jews), the largest group are those without religion (approximately 53% of the Dutch population).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The following information about membership of the various religious groups are for the year 2005 taken from the above report and supplemented (for smaller societies with figures of these societies itself) and as far as is known, supplemented by more recent figures again as reported by the different faith communities. For the year 2010 uses a KASKI chart for the year 2010 <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[25]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">As the table shows reporting almost all Christian groups either a decrease in the number of members number of members or a virtually constant, with the exception of a number of Protestant churches, with the largest grower the Netherlands reformed congregations in Netherlands which (measured by its size) show strong growth. However in particular by the loss of members of the two large churches, those are the Roman Catholic denomination in Netherlands with a loss of more than 300 thousand members members between the end of 2005 and the end of 2010 and the Protestant Church in the Netherlands with a loss of more than 150 thousand members members takes the number of Christians in Netherlands af 7,132 million (44%), of about per 6,861 million to the end of 2005 <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" len="174" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[26]  at the end of 2010. ==Other statistics<span class="mw-editsection" len="348" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == The Dom of Utrecht and theNeighbouring Church, originally Catholic, since 1580 both Protestant.The Catholic Church Catharijne, Cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht.The Mevlana mosque in Rotterdam.The Portuguese synagogue in Amsterdam.Church building Reformed municipality in Ned. to Opheusden.Example of a new large church building in recent years. 2,850 seats===Kerksheid<span class="mw-editsection" len="337" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The statistics on church attendance or degree of kerksheid are like the kerkelijkheids statistics based on what people decide about the regularity of their church attendance. This information comes from Permanent research living situation (wrist) of the CBS.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">As churchy is considered anyone who once a month or more often visit a church or other religious service. The given percentages relate to the total population. ===Predecessors<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===