French time in Netherlands

The Netherlands time in French[1], also known as the Franco-Batavian time was the period from 1795 to 1813, in which most of the present Netherlands was a vassal state of France and from 1810 part of the first French Empire.



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[hide] *1 History  ==History[ Edit] == The French period in the northern Netherlands includes the periods:
 * 2 major effects
 * 3 Netherlands in the wars against France
 * 4 see also

The French period began with the Batavian revolution in 1795, in which Dutch Patriots, with support from a French army that entered, the Batavian Republic was the country cried out. Stadtholder William V went to England in exile. After a constitutional change in 1801 the Batavian Republic was replaced by the Batavian Republic.
 * Batavian Republic (1795-1801)
 * Batavian Republic (1801-1806)
 * Kingdom Of Holland (1806-1810)
 * Annexation by the first French Empire (1810-1813)

Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France in 1804 to himself that had proclaimed, in 1806, the Batavian Republic replaced by the Kingdom of Holland and put his brother Louis Napoleon Bonaparte on the throne as King Louis i. the Kingdom included next to the Netherlands today German East Frisia.

King Louis I of HollandNapoleon, however, was dissatisfied with Louis, which in his view to enter an independent course. In 1810 he decided instead to annex in the French Empire. Hoping to preserve the Dutch independence did Louis abdicated and became his young son Louis II, King of Holland on 1 July 1810. Napoleon ignored this action a few weeks later, Netherlands and annexed on 13 July. He appointed Nicolas Charles Oudinot to stadtholder-Prince. That was followed in 1812 by Charles François Lebrun.

The French era ended when Napoleon was defeated in 1813 and relinquished. The eldest son of William V on november 30, 1813 returned back to Netherlands. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, he was named as William I, King of the Netherlands. ==Main effects[ Edit] == The major effects of the French era were:

==Netherlands in the wars against France<span class="mw-editsection" len="371" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == The arrival of Napoleon in Amsterdam on 9 October 1811*In 1793 the French vis-à-vis the Austrians were in the Southern Netherlands. The French took Breda in and laid siege to Maastricht, but eventually had to retreat.
 * The end of the Dutch Republic and the beginning of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. A centralized form of Government replaced the decentralized power of the old system.
 * The final economic victory of Great Britain on Netherlands. Netherlands lost the Cape Colony and the colonies in Guyana and Ceylon to the British. The Dutch East India Company was dissolved in 1798.
 * Introduction of the first Constitution, the civil code, the civil registry, the land registry, the conscription, surnames, house numbers and standard sizes and weights: the meters and kilograms, litres.
 * Establishment of the Royal Institute of Sciences, the Royal Library and the National Art Gallery, the predecessor of the Rijksmuseum.
 * On november 4, 1794, after a siege of two months, captured the French general Jean-Baptiste Kléber Maastricht, that a year later capital was of the French Department Basse-Meuse.
 * In winter 1794-1795 the French marched across the frozen rivers in the northern Netherlands, occupying the country and called the Batavian Republic (see Batavian revolution further).
 * In the battle of Camperdown in 1797 the Dutch fleet was completely defeated by the British.
 * In 1799, a British-Russian invasion force in North Holland, captured the Dutch fleet at Den Helder and Alkmaaroccupied.The allies, however, were defeated in the battle of Castricum and were forced to withdraw again from Netherlands (see further Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland).
 * A British army occupied the Zeeland island of Walcherenin 1809, but then ran fixed. A lot of the men became sick and died, and the British withdrew at the end of the year back (see below Walcheren expedition).
 * In 1809 names Dutch troops to French side part in defeating the anti-Bonapartist German rebellion led by Ferdinand von Schill, at the battle of Stralsund.
 * About 14,000 Dutch conscripts went with the Grande Armée into Russia. The vast majority came to; only very few returned.
 * The last support points for Napoleon Bonaparte were Maastricht and Delfzijl, which were still under siege until May 1814. See blockade of Maastricht (1814) and siege of Delfzijl (1813-1814).