Billy Budd (film)

Billy Budd is a 1962 CinemaScope film produced, directed, and co-written by Peter Ustinov.[1] Adapted from the stage play version of Herman Melville's short novel Billy Budd, it starred Terence Stamp as Billy Budd, Robert Ryan as John Claggart, and Ustinov as Captain Vere. Stamp was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and received a Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Male Newcomer. The film was nominated for four BAFTAs.

Contents
[hide]
 * 1 Plot
 * 2 Cast
 * 3 Production
 * 4 In other media
 * 5 References
 * 6 External links

Plot[edit]
In the year 1797, the British naval vessel HMS Avenger (changed from the book; in early drafts it was Indomitable, later ones, Bellipotent) impresses a crewman "according to the Rights of War" from the merchant ship The Rights of Man. The new crewman, Billy Budd (Terence Stamp), is considered naive by his shipmates, and they attempt to indoctrinate him in their cynicism. But Budd's steadfast optimism is impenetrable, as when he is asked to critique the horrible gruel the crew must eat, he offers "It's hot. And there's a lot of it. I like everything about it except the flavor." The crew discovers Budd stammers in his speech when under anxiety.

Though Budd manages to enchant the crew, his attempts at befriending the brutal master-at-arms, John Claggart (Robert Ryan), are unsuccessful. Claggart is cruel and unrepentant, a man who believes he must control the crew through vicious flogging; savaging them before they can prey on him. He reveals his mistrust for humanity when Budd confronts him about his discipline.

Budd: "It's wrong to flog a man. It's against his being a man."

Claggart: "The sea is calm you said. Peaceful. Calm above, but below a world of gliding monsters preying on their fellows. Murderers, all of them. Only the strongest teeth survive. And who's to tell me it's any different here on board, or yonder on dry land?"

Claggart orders Squeak (Lee Montague) to find means of putting Budd on report and to implicate him in a planned mutiny. He then brings his charges to the Captain, Edwin Fairfax Vere (Peter Ustinov). Although Claggart has no reason to implicate Budd in the conspiracy, Budd becomes a target because Billy represents everything that Claggart despises: humility, innocence, and trust in humanity. Vere summons both Claggart and Budd to his cabin for a private confrontation. When Claggart makes his false charges that Budd is a conspirator, Budd stammers, unable to find the words to respond, and he strikes Claggart, killing him with a single blow.

Captain Vere assembles a court-martial. Vere and all the other officers on board are fully aware of Budd's simplicity and Claggart's evil, but the captain is also torn between his morality and duty to his station. Vere intervenes in the final stages of deliberations (which are in full support of Budd). He argues the defendant must be found guilty for even striking Claggart, Budd's superior, not to mention killing him. His arguments to pursue the letter of the law succeed, and Budd is convicted.

Condemned to be hanged from the ship's yardarm at dawn the following morning, Budd takes care to wear his good shoes. At Budd's final words, "God bless Captain Vere!", Vere crumbles, and Billy is subsequently hoisted up and hanged on the ships rigging. At this point the crew is on the verge of mutiny over the incident, but Vere can only stare off into the distance, the picture of abdication, overtaken by his part in the death of innocence. Just as the crew is to be fired upon, a French vessel appears and commences cannon fire on the Avenger, and the crew eventually returns fire. In the course of battle a piece of the ship's rigging falls on Vere, killing him in an act of poetic justice. The ship's figurehead is also shot off while a narrator tells of Budd's heroic sacrifice.

Cast[edit]

 * Terence Stamp as Billy Budd
 * Robert Ryan as John Claggart, Master d'Arms
 * Peter Ustinov as Edwin Fairfax Vere, Post Captain
 * Melvyn Douglas as The Dansker, sailmaker
 * Paul Rogers as Philip Seymour, 1st Lieutenant
 * John Neville as Julian Radcliffe, 2nd Lieutenant
 * David McCallum as Steven Wyatt, Gunnery Officer
 * Ronald Lewis as Enoch Jenkins, maintopman
 * Lee Montague as Squeak, Mr. Claggart's assistant
 * Thomas Heathcote as Alan Payne, maintopman
 * Ray McAnally as William O'Daniel, maintopman
 * Robert Brown as Talbot
 * John Meillon as Neil Kincaid, maintopman
 * Cyril Luckham as Hallam, Captain of Marines
 * Niall MacGinnis as Captain Nathaniel Graveling

Production[edit]
Not commonly a director of films, Ustinov also produces and co-stars in the feature. His dedication to the film appears to emanate from his identification with the characters in the story. He said, "I am an optimist, unrepentant and militant. After all, in order not to be a fool an optimist must know how sad a place the world can be. It is only the pessimist who finds this out anew every day." On the novel itself, Melville had been writing poetry for 30 years when he returned to fiction with "Billy Budd" in late 1888. Still unfinished when he died in 1891, it was forgotten. Melville's biographer accidentally stumbled upon it when going through a trunk of the writer's papers in his granddaughter's New Jersey home in 1919. Melville's widow worked to help complete it, and it was finally published in 1924. Over the years other unsatisfactory versions were published, but it wasn't until Melville's original notes were found that the definitive version was ultimately published in 1962. Ironically, this movie version, made in Europe and England, was released the same year.

It is famous as the last black and white film by Allied Artists. It did poorly due to competition from color films.[citation needed]

In other media[edit]
The film is referenced in Eloise, a Season 4 episode of The Sopranos. Carmela dismisses the notion that the book contains homosexual subtext by stating "I saw the movie...with Terence Stamp."