Holmium

Holmium is a chemical element with the symbol Ho and atomic number 67. It is a silvery-white lanthanide.



Content
[hide] *Discovery 1  ==Discovery[ Edit] == Holmium in 1878 is discovered by Marc Delafontaine and Jacques Louis Soret absorption bands when they found at spectrometisch research unknown. The then still unknown element called them Element X. In the same year, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered by Delafontaine and Soret while investigating the element erbium oxide.
 * 2 Applications
 * 3 notable features
 * 4 Appearance
 * 5 Isotopes
 * Toxicology and safety 6
 * 7 external links

Holmium is named after the Latin name for Stockholm: Holmia, the residence of Cleve. ==Applications[ Edit] == Holmium has specific magnetic properties and is industrially used primarily as magnetic flux concentrator. Other uses include:

In addition, holmium regularly used in all kinds of alloys. ==Outstanding features[ Edit] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Of all naturally occurring elements holmium has the largest magnetic moment (10.6 µ<sub len="1" style="line-height:1;">B ) and possesses other remarkable magnetic properties. Combined withyttrium, it forms highly magnetic material.
 * As neutrons in nuclear installations.
 * In the glass industry holmium is used as a yellow dye.
 * The very high magnetic moment is very suitable for application in holmium YAG lasers.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Holmium is a relatively soft and malleable metal with a bright metallic luster that at standard temperature and pressure is not affected in the air. At higher temperatures, however, quickly reacts to a yellow-colored oxide. ==Appearance<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">As a free element in nature on Earth holmium is not found. Like most lanthanides it comes under other monaziet for in the minerals (about 0.05%) and consists principally of the silicates. Using ion exchangers can be isolated here from holmium. Holmium concentration in the Earth's crust is estimated to be 1.3 mg/kg. ==Isotopes<span class="mw-editsection" len="322" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;"><sup len="3" style="line-height:1;">165 Holmium Ho is the only stable isotope. There are 23 radioactive holmium isotopes known, of which <sup len="3" style="line-height:1;">163 Ho with a half life of 4570 years is most stable. The remaining radioisotopes have half-lives of less than 27 hours. ==Toxicology and safety<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">About the possibly harmful effects of holmium is still little known. It is to be expected that it's comparable to other lanthanides.