History of Austria

The history of Austria describes the development of the Alpine country Austria, that a German remnant of the Empire of Austria in the 19th century to Romania and inUkraine the current extended and that was ruled by the Habsburgs.



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[hide] *1 Margraviate, Duchy, archduchy (to 1804)  ==Margraviate, Duchy, archduchy (to 1804)[ Edit] == ==Austria Empire (1804-1867)[ Edit] == The Empire of Austria was founded in 1804 when the emperor Francis II of the Holy Roman Emperor to hereditary emperor called out over the fields, which belonged to the Habsburg monarchy . From now on he was called Francis I of Austria. ==Austria-Hungary[ Edit] == In 1867 the dual monarchy came into being. The Habsburg empire was called from now on: Austria-Hungary. In 1907, in the Austrian part of the dual monarchy introduced universal suffrage. It collapsed in 1914, following the assassination of heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg by Bosnian nationalist Gavrilo Princip, in the first world war and when it was lost, attacked the dual monarchy (the Kingdom of Hungary since 1867 had an equal partner formed) in november 1918 the Republic of German-Austria apart and was proclaimed. ==First Republic[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == The territory claimed by German-Austria (1914-1919)<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The new coalition Government of Christian and Social Democrats-soci was led by the energetic and moderate Social Democrat Karl Renner. He-and many with him-aspired to the establishment of a "greater German Empire" with Austria as part of Germany, to economic, not to nationalistic reasons. In the peace treaty of Saint Germain was decimated the Austrian territory. The Entente be a Anschluss with Germany (amalgamation) of the hand. From the mid-1920s Austria was ruled by the Christian-soci alen by Chancellor Ignaz Seipel, Mgr. while Vienna remained in the hands of the Socialists. The late 1920s was the semi-fascist paramilitary organization Heimwehr, a from the right.
 * 2 Austria Empire (1804-1867)
 * 3 Austria-Hungary
 * 4 first Republic
 * 5 Anschluss as Ostmark
 * occupation zone 6
 * 7 Second Republic
 * 8 see also

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1931 Dr. Engelbert Dollfuß, a Christian-social leader, Chancellor. In his cabinet were also the Heimwehr and the agricultural Party included. Dollfuß ruled as a dictator since 1933. To the independence, which since 1933 (attendance Hitler) was threatened seriously by Germany, protect, Covenant Dollfuß itself with the fascist Mussolini's Italy . On the advice of Mussolini forbade Dollfuß the Austrian NSDAP (Nazis) and the social democratic party. In February 1934, the Bundeswehr (Army), supported by the paramilitary groups the Viennese suburb to break to socialism. This ran out in a brief but violent civil war, which was settled in favor of the Government. After defeating the Socialists claimed in a corporative Dollfuß Constitution. In July 1934, Dollfuß murdered at a failed nazi coup. His successor was Kurt von Schuschnigg. Von Schuschnigg claimed the same politics as Dollfuß. In 1936 a Customs Union with Germany came into being. ==Anschluss as Ostmark<span class="mw-editsection" len="355" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Germany to respect the sovereignty of Austria stated, but in February 1938 were summoned to Hitler Chancellor Schuschnigg and his entourage. Hitler threatened with a military invasion, when Austria is not voluntarily would fit in with Germany. Schuschnigg gave initially not for the pressure, but on 11 March 1938 Schuschnigg resigned and became the national socialist Arthur Seyss-Inquart Chancellor. This welcomed the Anschluss, which took place on 12 March 1938 . The vast majority of Austrians was in favour of joining Germany. When Hitler visited Austria in 1938, he was enthusiastically received by the Austrian people.

<p lang="en" len="291" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the Anschluss Austria got the name Ostmark and it became no more than a province of the Third Reich. ==Occupation zone<span class="mw-editsection" len="348" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == The Allied-occupied Austria<p lang="en" len="602" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the Second World War, Austria was occupied by the allies and divided Germany into four occupation zones as well as: a British, a French, an American and a Soviet-Russian zone. ==Second Republic<span class="mw-editsection" len="350" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">It came through the Austrian State Treaty in 1955 to an end, in which the Soviet Union the condition stated that Austria had to declare itself neutral forever. After the second world war there was hardly talked about the Austrian fellow debt to the crimes of national socialism. The first post-war Chancellor Karl Renner, who was also in 1918 had been Chancellor. Soon this Federal president. To Austria 1966 was ruled by coalitions of the ÖVP (Christian Democrats) and the SPÖ (Social Democrats, no longer Marxist since 1957). Sometimes also the liberal FPÖ moved to in a coalition. In 1966, a Christian Democratic Unity Government formed under Chancellor Josef Klaus, in 1970 followed by a social democratic Chancellor Bruno Kreisky's unity Government. The latter aspired to a Socialist welfare State to Swedish model. From the 1980s to 1999 Austria was again ruled by Christian democratic/social democratic coalitions. The election of Kurt Waldheim as president in 1986 led to the up to that point, that ousted the country's nazi past was discussed in public. The Freedom Party won the elections In 1999 . The FPÖ was since the beginning of its inception in the 1950s flooded by former Nazis and extreme right-wing people. Party leader of the FPÖ and also Governor of Carinthia, Jörg Haider made sure the FPÖ a coalition with the ÖVP formed by Wolfgang Schüssel (February 2000).

<p lang="en" len="530" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Neutrality plays a starring role in the Austrian foreign policy, although the country since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the European Union since 1 January 2002 the euro as a means of payment used.