FIAT

Fiat SpA (originally FIAT, an acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili state that Torino) was an Italian industrial group and carmaker. Fiat Group has interests in services,publishing and building machines for mass production.



Content
[verbergen]  *1 History  ==History [  edit ] == ===The early years [  edit ] === In 1899 was in Turin founded the Società Anonima Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino, at the initiative of Giovanni Agnelli . He became in 1902 managing director of the firm. In 1900 the first 24 cars were produced in the factory in Corso Dante, including the 3 / 12HP. The Fiat logo was in 1904 designed by Biscaretti.
 * 1.1 The early years
 * 1.2 Roaring Twenties and War
 * 1.3 thirties and WWII
 * 1.4 After the war
 * 1.5 Fiat Auto SpA
 * 1.6 Fiat Automóveis Brasil
 * 1.7 Division of Fiat
 * 1.8 Merger with Chrysler
 * 2 Top people
 * 3 See also
 * 4 External links

Early Fiat was successfully engaged in auto racing. In 1902 won Vincenzo Lancia the Sassi Superga with a 24HP. Agnelli himself was also active as a driver, he drove the second tour of Italy. In 1907 won Felice Nazzaro the Grand Prix de France in a 130HP, with an average speed of 113.612 km / h.

In 1908 Fiat was active in the United States, where the Fiat Automobile Co. was founded. In addition, the range was extended to trams, trucks and ships. Fiat began applying shaft drive, a technique in which the company owns the patent. ===Roaring twenties and War [  edit ] === During the First World War was mainly produced for the military. After the war in 192 in 2 Lingotto opened the second factory. An ultra-modern company, with five floors and a test track with elevated curves on the roof (for place at top of page). This was the largest car manufacturer in Europe. He was led by Giacomo Mattè Trucco . In addition, the activities were extended to other sectors such as rail construction and electricity. There was a lubricants factory built and Fiat opened its factory in Russia .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the war, Fiat was soon back on his feet, by effective cost control. A new model, with four seats, was launched: the Fiat 509 . The company did a lot for its staff in the areas of education, health and sports clubs. ===Thirties and World War II <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Mussolini 's days Fiat had to rely on their own Italian market. During that time, done a lot of technological innovation, and business expansion in aviation and rail traffic.Halfway through the 30s Fiat came with two new models, the Ballila and Topolino . The latter model would remain in production for almost 20 years, until 1955 . In 1945 CEO Agnelli died, and was succeeded by Vittorio Valletta . After the war, car production, thanks to the Marshall Plan in 1948 be resumed. The models 500 and 1400 were released, with standard heating and air ventilation. ===After the war <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the fifties, was the first diesel model released, the 1400 diesel. Fiat took full advantage of the post-war reconstruction, and the growing need for affordable cars. The Fiat 600 with rear engine, in 1957 the new Fiat 500, from 1960 as Giardinetta, a forerunner of the station wagon concept.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the sixties it was being built to expand the group, with factories mainly in southern Italy. Fiat, however, had also suffered from social unrest and strikes. Valletta became CEO in 1966 succeeded by Giovanni Agnelli jr., grandson of the founder. Under his reign, the first steps were put to building agile sports cars such as the Dino, in cooperation with the future subsidiary Ferrari. While in the midst of an oil crisis blew a fresh new breeze to the company. In 1971 the Fiat 127 was car of the year. This was the first front-wheel drive Fiat. During these early years of the seventies also saw the Fiat X1 / 9 the light of day, a sporty two-seater with Italian temperament. In the factories, the trend was used for automation of operations, to reduce labor costs. Already in 1978 Fiat worked with robots, in Robogate system. [https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.co.uk&sl=nl&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding&usg=ALkJrhh9BE8ygKmSb9mRL65OK92z5Jz6Hw#Bron_gevraagd <sup class="noprint nopopups" style="line-height:1;">[source? ]]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On December 1, 1976 it was announced that Libya had taken a large stake in the company. Libya paid about 415 million dollars and received over 10% of the shares. Ten years later, Fiat bought the shares for $ 3.1 billion. Gaddafi was then known more as a financier of global terrorism and Fiat threatened American public to go wrong because of the financial interests of Libya in the company. The holding company of the Agnellis, IFIL, bought about a third of the package and thus brought the stake in Fiat to 40%.The remaining shares were led by Deutsche Bank placed with investors worldwide. ===Fiat Auto SpA <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Fiat Auto is currently one of the most innovative car manufacturers, with many patents. For example: double overhead camshaft (Dr. Lampredi), timing belt (Dr. Lampredi), direct diesel injection (for the first time in Fiat Croma 1987), direct fuel injection (2005 Fiat Powertrain) switch without a clutch pedal (f1 ferrari 1987 later in Alfa Romeo and Fiat Stilo ) etc.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1979 the car division of Fiat was housed in a separate company, in which Fiat, Abarth , Lancia , Autobianchi and Ferrari worked together. The company was later expanded with the acquisition of Alfa Romeo ( 1984 ) and Maserati (in 1993 ).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Fiat released in the eighties models Panda, Uno and Tipo out in the nineties by Tempra, Croma, Cinquecento, Coupe, Punto, Ulysse, Barchetta, Bravo, Brava and Marea Palio. The Fiat Uno, Tipo, Punto and Bravo were car of the year. In 1996 Agnelli was jr. Honorary Chairman of the Board of Directors. He was succeeded as CEO by Cesare Romiti . In honor of the 100th anniversary in 1999 the logo was modernized. The Fiat Seicento and the Multipla were the last models in the 20th century introduced. Especially the latter model was received with mixed feelings in the front because of the special design, and the three seats.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the 21st century, Fiat has begun to modernize the line models. The Doblo and Stilo were introduced, and the Multipla was adapted to the needs of the public. Also, the Fiat Idea released which Fiat's market compact MPV has entered programs.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 2003, Fiat released a new version of the evergreen Panda out. The car was immediately Car of the Year 2004 and did exceptionally well in the charts. The new Panda is a modern five-door city car for a great price. Later, there is also a 4x4 version of released. A luxurious mini SUV based on the Panda is expected in mid-2006.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 2005, Fiat made another attempt to launch a luxury midsize. For this, the Netherlands and Belgium was questionable name "Croma" again dug. In Italian it means chromium, but does in the Netherlands, the name still think the package cooking butter. The car is technically based on the Opel Vectra C . In 2011, the production of this model was stopped.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In September 2005 debuted the new Grande Punto at the Geneva Motor Show . This car must mean the final comeback for Fiat and was, too. In early 2006, it sold the best selling car in Europe, and there are already more than 850,000 pieces.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 2007 Fiat Bravo introduced as the successor to the not very well selling Stilo. The model comes only in five-door versions. Initially there was still a station wagon to come, but this has now been deleted. Incidentally, the Fiat Bravo also introduced a new logo. The blue background is replaced by the color red and the letters are more elongated, as before. The laurel wreath is gone.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 2009, Fiat presented a facelift for the successful Punto. Typically, the partially executed black bumper with integrated turn signals and the chrome 'mustache' à la 500. The interior was completely overhauled and became a lot rounder. The Grande Punto was available alongside the Evo as slip. In 2011, the Punto was facelifted again, because the Evo was generally not well received. The addition 'Evo' was dropped and the model seems a bit more on the original Grande Punto. The latter has now been discontinued, although the basic Punto still his dashboard.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">According to ACEA (European Automobile Manufactures' Association), the Fiat Group was able in 2011 to sell 947 786 cars in Western Europe, a decrease of 12.0% compared to 2010. ===Fiat Automóveis Brasil <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1976, Fiat began production of the Fiat 147 in Betim , Brazil . The model was actually a Fiat 127, but adapted for the Brazilian market. The 147 was the first car completely on Ethanol E100 could drive. The 147 was a big success for Fiat, partly because of the many variants which yielded Fiat car. Besides the 'hatchback' there was a 2-door sedanOggi, station wagon (Panorama), pickup and a van ( Fiorino ). In the 80 model was succeeded by the Uno, who called Mille is still being built. This model was in the 90s, incidentally succeeded by the Fiat Palio .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Gradually the Brazilian operations increasingly important for Fiat and thus grew were the independence of the Brazilian branch, with its own development department as a result. Later successful Brazilian Fiats include the Palio , Strada , Mille and Fiat Siena .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the early years of the second millennium Fiat did finally take over the leadership of Volkswagen. Until today, Fiat is the market leader in Brazil and even homeland Italy passed in size. ===<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);"><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[Division  of Fiat <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">]  === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The shareholders of the Italian Fiat group have given their approval to split the company in September 2010. On 1 January 2011, the group is in fact split into two separate companies, namely:

===<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);"><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[Merger  with Chrysler <span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">]  === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On August 1, 2014 Fiat shareholders approved the merger plans with Chrysler well. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NOSFC_1-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[1] Fiat goes under the name Chrysler Fiat Automobiles (FCA) further. The combined company will be headquartered in Londonand gets under the new name IPOs in Milan and New York . In the Netherlands, Fiat will receive only a legal establishment. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NOSFC_1-1" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[1] ==<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[Leaders  edit <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==
 * Fiat SpA: here are all non-car activities brought, as the car brands Fiat, Ferrari and Maserati, Magneti Marelli, Teksid, Comau and Fiat Powertrain Technologies, a manufacturer of gearboxes for cars;
 * Fiat Industrials: Other activities including the truck manufacturer Iveco and Case New Holland, a major producer of machinery for agriculture and construction sectors.
 * Fiat Powertrain Technologies (FPT), produces engines and gearboxes for, among other industrial applications.
 * 1) Giovanni Agnelli ( 1,902 - 1,945 )
 * 2) Vittorio Valletta ( 1945 - 1966th )
 * 3) Giovanni Agnelli jr. ( the 1966th - the 1,996th )
 * 4) Cesare Romiti ( 1996 - present)
 * 5) Luca di Montezemolo ( 2003 - present )
 * 6) Sergio Marchionne ( 2004 - present )