States General of the Netherlands

The States General of the Netherlands (also called: Her Mogenden Her Mogende Lord High/High) were between 1464 and 1795 a college in which delegates of the provincial States of the regions of theNetherlands came together. They were originally a meeting of representatives of the States or modes of the seventeen provinces, used by the Dukes of Burgundy and later the Habsburg Danvers were convened when they were in need of money and had to be granted a bede . After the independence of the Republic of the United Provinces grew the role of the States General, and was the highest organ of the Union.



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[hide] *1 Genesis[1]  ==Genesis[1]  [ Edit] == In 1386, Philip the bold (r. 1384-1404) in Lille a board room for financial and Legal Affairs of Flanders, Artois, in Antwerp and Mechelen. There, the States-General of the Netherlands would later arise.
 * 2 Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands[5]
 * 3 Republic of the United Netherlands
 * 3.1 branch in the Hague
 * 3.2 Representation[8]
 * 3.3 Power areas and delegation of power
 * 3.3.1 foreign policy[15]
 * 3.3.2 Defence[17]
 * 3.3.3 Finance[20]
 * 3.4 Officers[22]
 * 3.5 large meetings[23<sup style="line-height:1;">[24] ]
 * 4 Lifting in 1796<sup style="line-height:1;">[25]
 * 5 States General in the southern Netherlands
 * 6 see also

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Within the various areas covered by the reign of Philip the good, was attacked for some time has been a form of representation of the ' land ' through the modes (States).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-500jaar_2-0" len="194" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]  Which stands in this representation exactly place names and what influence they had differed from region to region, but stemmed from the fact that the landlord needed money, and for this was dependent on the nationals. This negotiated in such meetings about the height, method of charge and any other issues.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Because several regions fell under a personal Union, there were also shared interests and representatives of various States were convened occasionally-usually in one of the Flemish cities. The very first States General within the area of the low countries (and slightly beyond), where so all areas represented, were on January 9, 1464 in the County of Flanders in Bruges convened.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" len="186" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [3]  Although this was the first time that the representatives of the States of all regions were called together, this was not a new concept by the contemporaries as experienced. There was already a history with apply between the regions consultation.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Main reason for the meeting was that Philip would go on crusade, and wanted to take measures with respect to its replacement. This was important because he was on bad foot stood with his son Charles the bold. Main outcome of the meeting was perhaps that it was stressed that only the Duke (Philip the good) had the right to convene the States-General (there was more or less at the same time an initiative based on the Dutch cities), and that the representatives (successful) mediated between him and his son.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-500jaar_2-1" len="194" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [2]  the name ' States-General ' was being used here.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The underlying intention of Philip the good was to simplify taxation and to promote the coherence of the low countries, not least by the provincial currencies to stabilize and to coordinate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Republiek_1806_p._43_4-0" len="207" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [4] ==Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[5]  <span class="mw-editsection" len="383" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == The Burgundian Kingdom from 1465 until 1477<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Philip was succeeded by his son Charles the bold in 1467 al, whose reign was formed by an attempt at centralization of administration and expensive wars against Lorraine and France. This led in 1473 to a large gathering of the States representatives in Brussels, where he to the large sum of 600,000 crowns a year early. This led to a negotiation, and conducting consultation with the States of the regions. Eventually got Charles largely are sense, but the (financial) negotiating power of the States General was all off, and would continue to increase-as would be clear in 1476, when a new bede practically whole was rejected. In 1477, after the death of Charles sent on the battlefield and the succession by his unmarried daughter Maria, the States General even her own emissaries besides those of the Duke to the King of France to negotiate peace.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In any case, the States General were In 1477 in a strong bargaining position, and they forced also the so-called great Privilege af, with the centralization of Charles again largely cancelled, and the States acquired a lot of independence. They also obtained the right to annually on its own initiative to come together in a town in Flanders, Brabant and Hainaut.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Republiek_1806_p._43_4-1" len="207" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [4]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Maria married the Habsburg Maximilian of Austria, son of the German Emperor, who the Board again somewhat centralized, and the States General, back to a somewhat passive setting. Upon the death of Mary in 1482 her son Philip was still very young, and wanted to Maximilian as (long-term) rains occur. To confirm the States-General were convened, and in this more unstable period did they know to enforce peace negotiations with France again (eventually resulting in the Treaty of Arras).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At the same time, it is clear from the reports of these meetings that the real power lay not in the States General, but at the provincial councils of the various Regional States. The delegates had very limited powers (last), they received the Frost and bede had to carry with the Regional States for most decisions. Between 1488 and 1559, the States General on average twice a year, albeit irregularly and often with the main intention to quickly move to the provincial States to communicate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Republiek_1806_p._43_4-2" len="207" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [4]  after the abolition of the great Privilege in 1493, the States General only meet at the initiative of the sovereign.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">These occasions were by the delegates of the seventeen regions often used to advocate new privileges ; one reason why the rulers of the low countries were not keen to convene the States-General and pointed directly to the earlier States of every province. Under Philip II it was prohibited to the States General meetings without the consent of the sovereign. The need of the Spanish fury broke that law and on november 8, 1576, the States General meeting on its own initiative and locks the pacification of Ghent. Thus they together rallied round behind the Rebellion.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">With the Act of abjuration in 1581 the Staten-Generaal declared the King expired (left) of his power. When Brussels in 1578 back in the hands of the King had threatened to fall, the States General to Antwerp moved. That city also turned out to be not safe anymore and the States moved toMiddelburgin 1583. From 1585 the Hague was the meeting place; in that year the important cities Brussels and Antwerp fell to the Spanish Netherlands. Especially the fall of Antwerp was a big blow to the rebels, who feared that without that city the rebellion was lost; There are several attempts to relieve the city and later to recapture, none of them successful. ==Republic of the United Netherlands<span class="mw-editsection" len="376" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == The seven provinces with the generality lands in light blue<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">During the eighty years ' war (1568-1648) the States-General developed itself from the original Advisory Board to a more political body. The first twenty years they took the lead to yet a new ruler for the Netherlands. Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange and Johan van Oldenbarnevelt decided no attempts to take more in 1587 a sovereign Prince for the low countries to find and in the Justification or Deduction was determined that political power would be in the States General. Where at the beginning of the war even the Council of State (as a replacement of the land freeze) acted as a sort of head of State, this function shifted to the States-General-as far as here, of course, already was in the interplay of the sovereign provinces.This was the Republic really born, without hereditary head of State but with the estates General as the highest college. The State Council developed this to an administrative, serving college.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" len="186" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [6]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Good to stress may be that the changes within the public administration of the Republic rarely went quickly-every time something happened that was introduced slowly and usually first to experiment or by erin to sneak. This was certainly the case where the concerned delegation of power. ===Establishment in the Hague<span class="mw-editsection" len="362" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The meetings were becoming more frequent, until they met on 24 June 1593, after more than two centuries (up to 1 March 1796) no longer to be dissolved. Not so much as a conscious choice of that day, but this was so grown. The States General were met, that a permanent college become continuous and practical daily met. Once in a while was still gathered outside the Hague, but this was then due to for example treaty negotiations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" len="186" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [7]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1588 the States-General were given a fixed meeting rooms at the Binnenhof in the Hague, within walking distance of the States of Holland. This had some practical benefits, by far the wealthiest and most influential there Holland province was in the Republic. The other delegations were also given at space on or around the courtyard, but Holland had some practical benefits here. By a convenient settlement with the meeting times could representatives of Holland (especially the State Attorney or later the Grand Pensionary) first in the morning to attend the meeting of the Dutch States, in the afternoon when most of the meeting of the estates General to be present. This was ultimately both in favor of the States General of Holland as itself.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On the inner court were given the States General have access to meeting rooms on the north side along the Hofvijver between the Spui and Placewith an entrance at the building where nowadays the Binnenpoort is broken out and through the Knight's Hall. It would take until 1696 up there with a thorough renovation more allure would be given to the meeting rooms and releases like anterooms of the States General, which shall include theTrèveszaal was built.

<p lang="en" len="429" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition to the Chamber of the States General, the so-called besogne room was decorated the meeting room where the smaller besogne (Commission) could come together. Schematic representation of the seats. Legend: P = Presiderend region, H = Holland (6 x), Gd = Gelderland/Gelre (6 x), Z = Zeeland (3 x), U = Utrecht (2 x), O = Overijsel/Overijssel (2 x), El = Groningen/city and Ommelanden (2 x), F = Friesland (3 x)===Representation<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8]  <span class="mw-editsection" len="362" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The idea behind the States General was still about right: it was a meeting of delegations of the States-provincial meetings, which had to operate withcharge and consultation . But by the permanent nature got the delegations have more space to act according to the spirit, and sometimes also taken decisions were subject to change, for example by the urgency. Also, the permanent presence more backroom consultations held between the delegations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" len="186" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [9]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The meeting was chaired by a delegate of each week a different region, and there was a note Registrar present decisions, to write and to read.Independent of the number of members present (the States could send as many as they wanted, although the number of seats was limited), each region had one vote. A usual meeting in the middle of the seventeenth century consisted of some 45 delegates from 16: 15 to Gelderland, 5 to 6 from Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, 6 3 out of 6 from Overijsel, 5 from 4 to 6 from Groningen and Friesland. But as Holland wanted to lay the emphasis on a decision, it was not unusual that many Dutch delegates from the nearby States of Holland managed to overcome and so the meeting room volliep.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Between the regions was a rank order in the meetings held: Gelderland came as former Duchy as first, followed by the counties of Holland andZeeland and Utrechtthe delights , Overijsel and Friesland, Groningen. This was reflected in the order in which the distribution of seats had to be voted, and protocol. In theory could join more regions, but this is after 1594 (accession of Groningen) never happened. The accession of Drenthe (as one region with Groningen) and East Frisia are being considered in the early years. In 1609, 1648 and 1651 return parts of Brabant tried to enter it, but existing members saw their votes rather not watered down. The areas that were added later to the territory fell as generality landsdirectly under the States General (for example, generality lands and Dutch States countries of Overmaze) had no say. For a large (but over time decreasing) number of cases had to be reached unanimity between the seven regions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" len="188" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [10]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The deputies had the task to mainly as an Envoy of their regional States to act-and not so much to serve the national interest of the Union. Their appointment only required to have a credit letter to give to the president. It also continued the concept of existence-the last letter a document in which the regional States were uitspelden the powers of their members of Parliament. ===Power sites and delegation of power<span class="mw-editsection" len="379" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">As the amount of decisions rose, and also the experience taken to acquire it, more decisions were delegated. So were five Admiralty colleges set up in 1597 (in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Enkhuizen/Hoorn, Middelburg andDokkum/Harlingen), responsible for the naval forces and control of own revenue from the in-and outgoing rights. In 1602 the Dutch East India Company was founded, to which by means of a patent monopoly was offered on trade in a certain area. The VOC would modelstaan for other patent services, such as those of the Dutch West India Company. The States General retained ultimate responsibility and the power to appoint senior officials to, and defined the broad lines of the policy to be pursued, especially where the finances and military administration were concerned. Both the admiralties were decorated as the VOC to federal model.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Council of State functioned for a long time in addition to the States General-first as a kind of Government, more later as an advisory body. This already had several instances furnished to ensure the (financial) structures, such as the national Currency room and the Receiver-General. When the Centre of gravity of the preparation of the budget to the States General shifted, these also in 1602 than in her own Court of Auditors, the National Court of Auditors. However, also part of the influence on the Council of State are. These remained responsible for the troops in the field and parts of the Union-case-law, the drafting of the budget and administration. This, in turn, eventually under the overall responsibility of the States General-the highest college.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" len="188" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [11]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" len="188" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[12]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In general, decisions had to be better prepared to ensure a decision could be taken without further consultation. This happened often by putting it in a Commission (where all regions had a voice) to prepare thoroughly.Here was a start already made, in 1588 by the State of war in Committee along with the Council of State to prepare. One of each region was delegated in this present, but also the Grand Pensionary (from Holland), and depending on the subject and the period also the Registrar and stadtholder. These meetings were always led by the authorising officer by delegation from Gelderland-the first region in rank. The president then reported to the whole Assembly.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" len="188" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [13]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The composition of the commissions was often somewhat constantly, so that the delegates could take better decisions through experience. In so far as there was of moods, these were not counted, per capita and per region-over time also became the voice of the Registrar hereby counted.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Set up the committees were initially short-term but gradually (certainly from Grand Pensionary Fagel, ~ 1680) they were more or less permanently, and also lacked a specific power of attorney. In the eighteenth century there were four fixed concerns (later: commissions) whose members were set annually: a Commission for Foreign Affairs, military affairs, Naval Affairs and the administration of the Affairs of the Clerk's Office. The business treated, ordinary could (just) or secretions (secret) treated. When outsiders at this meeting also were invited, as a delegation from a foreign power at a Commission of Foreign Affairs, was called in thisConference which the president of the States General also could be involved.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" len="188" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [14]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the second half of the eighteenth century sounded the call for regularly to set up central departments under the authority of the stadtholder, but this is never brought into effect. Informal decisions were increasingly "prepared" in small circle by the Grand Pensionary, Registrar and some confidants. ====Foreign policy<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[15]  <span class="mw-editsection" len="366" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">One of the important areas where the States General were active, was foreign policy. Although the regions the right to enter negotiations and correspondence to voorbehielden yourself, see for example the Act of seclusion between Holland and England in 1654, was nevertheless mainly at the States General. At this meeting was not only laid the diplomatic ceremonial (receiving and sending envoys) but also negotiating and entering into Alliance's pen. The States-General represented the Union towards foreign powers, not the Governor.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Foreign policy decisions and correspondence around the Dikwijs were confidential, and it was therefore not practical to this in the meeting which was accessible for many members to discuss. For this reason it was a Foreign Affairs Committee set up secretly met: a secret besogne cq the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs. Between 1634 and 1651 there was even far-reaching decision-making powers delegated to this "Secretions Besogne" because they were allowed to draw up their own minutes. This was a clear increase in power of stadtholder Frederick Henry, there this besogne mainly from his confidants existed and it even in his rooms met. The powers conferred on the secretions were bestowed upon them, so along with the Hung besogne power of the stadtholder William III, so that the revitalized.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" len="188" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [16]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the eighteenth century most Foreign Affairs called in question by the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs. During the Regency of Anna of Hanover for the minor William V, Prince of Orange (from 1751 to her death in 1757), functioned alongside a powerful Council for Foreign Affairs, of which the Grand Pensionary, Registrar, the Member of the Dutch knighthood, the Zeeland Member, the Commander in Chief, Secretary of the Princess and baron Bentinck to Nadaf were members-with a clear Center of gravity in Holland/Zeeland. This was one of the attempts to centralise the foreign policy.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">When the situation early, for example during the disagreements between France and England or around the American dependency, was in foreign policy made use of the complicated decision tree to make decisions for themselves to slide out. So it could prevent England on the basis of treaties and its dominant position to the low countries, for example early support troops or the enforcement of an effective embargo, and this was clearly against the interests of the low countries. Then it could be discussed, the deputies could not be bothered to explain any decision to take over, and to have to go back to their regional States. At the same time the other countries knew that if they really wanted to force the Netherlands to certain measures, that the best could by hitting them in their purse-to frustrate trade. This was made then reflected through (mainly) the Dutch delegates in the States General. ====Defence<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nederlanden_p._76_17-0" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[17]  <span class="mw-editsection" len="353" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition to the defence was an important area of foreign policy decision-making powers from the States General. In doing so, a distinction must be made between the defence at sea, where the responsibility via the admiralties ran out, and the defense on land where the influence was greater, but had to be shared with the regions (because of distribution system), the Council of State and the Governor (as Captain-General). The administration of the army lay before the Council of State, but the high designations were done and by the States General in times of could the States General appoint deputies t acting on behalf of the States General meebeslisten-these were often the same delegates, who went as factual a private Commission forms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" len="188" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [18]  this influence was especially large where it went outside the regions troops movements.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">But where the war and peace was concerned, had to the resolutions (like financial decisions and other matters of high importance) to be adopted by all regions. This originated in the sovereignty of the regions, which otherwise would be bound not to the decisions.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Navy had to primary in her expenses with the income from convoys and licenten and the army had to do with the regional ratios. The admiralties lent large sums of money on the right (especially in Holland, in whose interest it was to have a strong Navy), which in fact, postponing the discussion was. These revenues had to be supplemented by further regional contributions from the States General. The budget of the Republic left it not allow both a full-fledged country-if naval forces to maintain, and so often had to choices-depending on the allies and opponents on the European stage. The different interests of the regions were clear: Holland, Zeeland and Friesland had especially interest in and need for a strong defense at sea, while Groningen, Overijsel, Gelderland and Utrecht saw a greater need for a strong country defense.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" len="188" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [19] ====Finance<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[20]  <span class="mw-editsection" len="354" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==== <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Originally, the financial policy area of the Governor or the Council of State, and the States General had one last voice to the income side of the picture. But as the States General, came across this in itself more this interfere went largely to lie at this sitting. The Council of State served since 1590 Generale petition the (budget) at the States General in, from 1595 with the State of war (notes to the budget). This proposal was usually done in november, but after protracted negotiations over who would have to pay only in the spring when approved.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The income for the States-General consisted on the one hand from the regional national taxes and contributions. Starting from 1608/1612 took Holland accounts for the bulk of the budget (50-60%), Friesland and Zeeland every 10% and the other regions even less. These proportions were also back in the balance of power within the Republic. A large part of the expenditure concerned the military system, and this was mainly funded through the distribution system where the regions paid for troops who were assigned them. This created a greater influence of the regions on the command of the troops, but the final responsibility remained with the States General, especially where the troops t layers.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Another important source of influence in the field of finance lay in the fact that the States General were responsible for the appointment of various high functions in the Ministerial Board, such as the Treasurer-General, its own Registrar, the Receiver General and the Secretary of the Council of State.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">From the 1660s formed the finance becomes more of a problem for Holland and the Republic-but reforms to the regions to force their contribution (this was not always the case) could not be successfully implemented.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" len="188" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[21]  however, this was nothing compared to the dire financial situation that by the end of the eighteenth century, when the regions no longer paid their contributions, and the appropriation of the Union was so wasted. ===Officers<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[22]  <span class="mw-editsection" len="361" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There were three officials around the States General have had a constant influence on her functioning: the Grand Pensionary, the Registrar and the stadtholder. The Registrar was responsible for capturing the decisions, and in that capacity for many years present at all meetings, whose often certainly in Committee do not constitute endorsements were kept. Therefore, he often had a wealth of knowledge, and therefore its opinion was sought. This influence came into its own in the most Committee meetings. From 1670 to the end of the Republic in 1795 was the Office of the Registrar by one family, the Fagelsfulfilled. Another source of influence for the Registrar lay in summarizing the decisions, which again for final decision-making by him were read out (copy was too precious). The Registrar, Grand Pensionary and president had this text as only ones usually taken before the meeting by. In addition the Registrar responsible for the (secret) correspondence from the States General with statesmen and representatives at home and abroad, and he carried out an extensive correspondence.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Grand Pensionary (still the State Attorney to 1617) was an officer in the service of the States of Holland and the leader of their delegation. In this role only grew over the years but, partly due to the large influence that Holland had in the States General but also by the practical fact that he had own offices to the inner court, and entered the Grand Pensionary also prepare the decisions more actively. In practice the Grand Pensionary of the highest official of the entire Republic.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The stadtholder was a relic of the Spanish time, and was carried out by William of Orange and his successors. The stadtholder had always a Chair (with handrails) at the head of the table at his disposal and was allowed to speak in meetings, but had not the right to vote. The stadtholder was not often present at the meetings, and had to derive indirect contacts and influence especially the designation of representatives of the regions. So he had a strong influence in the appointment of representatives from Zeeland or the small Dutch towns. The influence was mainly behind the scenes and in Committee.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nederlanden_p._76_17-1" len="206" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [17]  the appointment of a stadtholder was, however, a purely regional matter, and that therefore went about whether there is a was appointed. In the mid-18th century, the function declared hereditary by the regions, as well as the appointment of Captain-Generaland Admiral-General.

<p lang="en" len="217" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Between the Grand Pensionary and the stadtholder was regular disagreement, there the stadtholder had to derive its influence especially military politics, while the Dutch Grand Pensionary benefit was more at peace.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Finally, of course, there was the president, the President of the Assembly of the States General. However, this was a rotating function, where each week a different region took over the function. But it was often the same members who were designated for this purpose, so this small group of people did have a special influence because of this. The president was certain the agenda here, but in practice a lot of influence exercised by the Registrar and Grand Pensionary.

<p lang="en" len="248" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">All in all it was the actual influence that could be exercised from the functions dependent on the political constellation (Holland versus the stadtholder), the holders of roles and how well they could get along with each other. ===Large meetings<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[23] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[24]  <span class="mw-editsection" len="369" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On some moments were the directors of the Republic nevertheless dissatisfied with the way the State was decorated. At such a moment they have sought to convene a ' big meeting ', where all members of the provincial Council would be present, so that far-reaching decisions could be taken without consultation, because after all, everyone was already present. They eventually succeeded in this goal, but there were larger delegations than usual delegated.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The meeting was convened by Holland In 1651, in order to discuss the foundations of the Covenant, especially as they had concerns about the city prone to dynasty holders. The meeting took place from 18 January 1651 to 21 August. The outcomes of the meeting were not shocking, and stressed especially the Union-character, and now some habits were also recorded (such as the distribution system).

<p lang="en" len="520" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The meeting of 1716-1717 was convened by Provincie Gelderland, while here the national officers (especially Simon van Slingelandt, Secretary of the Council of State) with the proposals for change, but there is no agreement could be reached on any change except a watering down of the army strength. ==Abolition in 1796<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[25]  <span class="mw-editsection" len="363" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">All throughout the eighteenth century there were recurring conflicts, which did in the second half. Orangists and Patriots faced each other and the survival of the Union was variously under pressure. This still the uncomfortable position in which the Republic of wrong in the various clashes between the European powers of that time, Great Britain, France and Austria. After the independence fight in the United States fed the discontent this also at the Patriots. In Utrecht and Friesland, this led to attempts to create an alternative representation, based on popular sovereignty. In 1787, this led in Utrecht until an alternative States meeting where various places joined Utrecht, in the city instead of the official meeting place Amersfoort. This also against-States of their delegates to the Hague Utrecht sins, which led to quarrels with the ' real ' representatives.Eventually this unrest was nipped by intervention of Prussian troops-after which the Republic especially among English/Prussian influence came to be and thus the orangists were the main party.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">However, the army and the fleet were still in very poor condition, and in 1793 the French Revolution already pulled North, when the French general Charles-François Dumouriez Breda invaded, but had to quickly withdraw itself by internal struggles. However, the goal finally fell In January 1795, and the Batavian revolution came into being with the help of French troops. The States meetings were thoroughly upset: the knighthood was from the point of view of the principle of equality together with a number of Oranjegezinden no longer allowed, and Catholics are correct though. Initially the States-General continued to exist, and were especially revolutionary Deputies sent to the meeting in the Hague-first of all from the States of Holland (cq people of Holland).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On 4 March the States-General gave command to the replacement of the Council of State, the Committee te Lande, to make plans for the election of a National Assembly. To such an election, the Union must continue to function, and so it was also to the regions and the States General to approve the peace treaty with France. The Committee te Lande suggested to an election via proportional districts in the regions, Drenthe and generality lands to organize, but otherwise many issues (such as the tax structure) leave. The most revolution-minded Holland knew eventually get through that at the convening of the National Assembly, the States General and the regional meetings would be lifted. The regional structure came under pressure, and a unitary State was awaiting some reluctant regions (Zeeland and Friesland) who lost their influence and autonomy not wanted. It was with four (Holland, Utrecht, Gelderland, Overijssel) against three (Zeeland, Friesland, Groningen) voices decided to fix the meeting on 1 February 1796. On december 30, stated a draft set of regulations and the date was shifted to 18 February. When the latter was eventually tacked on 14 February as also went, was the opening one last time shifted, to 1 March. With the opening of this first National Assembly on 1 March 1796 in the former Ballroom on the inner court was an end to the States General of the Netherlands.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1813, at the Declaration of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, within the framework of the Restoration the society restored and re-established the States General, first the States-General of the United Netherlands (May 1814-August 1815) as a single room, then the structure was thoroughly changed and came in september 1815 the States General of the Kingdom of the Netherlands consisting of two Rooms did exist and got more the character of a national Parliament than that of a meeting of regional representatives. ==States General in the southern Netherlands<span class="mw-editsection" len="386" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the Spanish and Austrian Netherlands remained the States General also exist in their old role of representative meeting in front of the King, and later the emperor. They continued to sit in the Aula Magna in Brussels.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" len="188" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[26]  Between 1577 and 1585 Names was the place where the royalist Estates General met, then Brussels. The meeting was however rarely convened yet (among other things in 1590, 1600 and 1632, afterwards no longer). The last time the Southern States-General met was in 1790, on its own initiative, when they declared the Emperor power expired (see United States of Belgium).