History of the United States Coast Guard

The history of United States Coast Guard goes back to the Revenue Cutter Service, which was founded on August 4, 1790 as part of the Department of the Treasury (Ministry of Finance). The Revenue Cutter Service and the United States Life-Saving Service were merged to the Coast Guard on January 28, 1915. In 1939, the United States Lighthouse Serviceto the Coast Guard added. The Coast Guard itself was moved to the Department of Transportation in 1967, and on February 25, 2003 it became part of the Department of Homeland Security. But if Congress puts it in a declaration of war, or when the President speaks, the Coast Guard operates under the Department of the Navy.



Content
[hide] *1 early history  ==Early History[ Edit] == The forerunner of the Coast Guard, the Revenue Cutter Service, was founded on August 4, 1790, when the Tariff Act the construction of ten cutters and recruitment of 100 officers allowed. By 1790, when the Continental Navy was raised, until 1798, when the United States Navy was founded, the Revenue Cutter Service was the only armed naval forces of the United States. The Revenue cutters were involved in the quasi-war with France from 1798 to 1799, the war of 1812 and the Mexican-American war.
 * 2 birth of the modern Coast Guard
 * 3 prohibition
 * Second World War 4
 * 4.1 Douglas Munro
 * Korean war 5
 * 6 the 1960s
 * 7 the 1970s
 * 7.1 end of Ocean Stations, beginning of the 200-mile limit
 * 7.2 The Kudirka incident
 * 8 the 1980s
 * 9 the 1990s
 * 10 the years 2000
 * Future 11

Another precursor, the United States Lighthouse Service, was established by a statute in 1911. The predecessor to the Lighthouse Service, the United States Lighthouse Boardwas founded in 1852.

In 1794, the Revenue Cutter Service got permission to the prevention of the slave trade between Africa and the United States. Between 1794 and 1865 approximately 500 slave ships intercepted the Service. In 1808 was the Service responsible for empowering the embargo set by President Thomas Jefferson, which meant the closing of American ports to European trade.

The role of the Coast Guard in protecting the environment goes back to the 1822 Timber Act of which the Revenue Cutter Service gave the task to protect the Government against wood poachers.

During the American civil war the cutter Harriet Lane fired by the Revenue Cutter Service the first shots of war at sea at the steamer Nashville during the siege of Fort Sumter.

In the 1880s and 1890 the Revenue Cutter Service was of great importance in the development of Alaska. Captain "Hell Roaring" Michael a. Healy, of the USRC Bear, rescued whalers that at Point Barrow, Alaska and brought reindeer to Alaska for a stable food source. Healy had the reputation of a rough-hewn sailor and had to regularly for the court martial, but time after time in rank was restored. ==Birth of the modern Coast Guard[ Edit] == In 1915, the Revenue Cutter Service and the Life-Saving Service were merged to form the Coast Guard. The Lighthouse Service was added to the Coast Guard in 1939. On 28 February 1942, the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation was transferred to the u.s. Coast Guard. ==Reclamation<span class="mw-editsection" len="364" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the 1920s, the Coast Guard was given several former U.s. Navy-destroyers to aid in empowering the bootlegging. This was not entirely successful, by the inertia of the destroyers. The mission found in bore to the experience of the officers and petty officers of the Coast Guard, which came in handy during the Second World War. The nickname "Hooligan Navy" dates from this time, due to the flexibility of the Coast Guard in the adoption of staff layoffs at other services, so as to expand rapidly. The term was a term of pride within the service. ==Second World War<span class="mw-editsection" len="371" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For American participation in the Second World War, the Coast Guard cutters patrolled the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. President Roosevelt decided that the International Ice Patrol by had to go to patrouilleeren around Greenland. The Cryolietmijnen were vital for the extraction of aluminium and the geographical location made that good weather forecasts for Europe could be done. The Coast Guard continued to patrol Greenland for the remainder of the war.

<p lang="en" len="566" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The USCGC Modoc (WPG-46) was also involved in the hunt and the sinking of the German Battleship Bismarck in 1941.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Shortly after Germany had declared the United States the war, German submarines began with operation Kesselpauke, which the sinking of ships off the American coast. Many Coast Guard cutters were involved in the rescue operations after the German attacks on American ships. The USCGC Icarus, a 50-foot cutter that previously on rum chased during the prohibition, sank U-352 on 9 may 1942 and the USCGC Thetis sank U-157on June 10, 1942. During the war, the Coast Guard sank 12 German and two Japanese submarines and 2 German surface ships.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Coast Guard also patrolled the coasts of the United States during the war. On 13 June 1942 discovered Seaman Second Class John Cullen, patrolling the beach in Amagansett at New Jersey, the first landing of German saboteurs as part of Operation Pastorius. Cullen was in fact the first American contact with the enemy on the coast of the United States. Its report led to the capture of the German sabotage team. Cullen received the Legion of Merit.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition to the anti-submarine operations, the Coast Guard worked closely with the U.s. Navy and U.s. Marine Corps. Many of the coxswains of American landing craft, such as the HIGGINS BOAT (LCVP), used in amphibious invasions were Coast Guard with the help of the Marine Corps had had an amphibious training. Coast Guard cutters and ships, mainly staffed by Coast Guard personnel, were also used in the invasion of North Africa in november 1942 (operation torch) and the invasion of Sicily in 1943 (operation Husky).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In november 1942, a law was adopted for the Coast Guard Women's Reserve, the better known as SPARS. Led by Captain Dorothy c. Stratton approximately 11,000 women served in various positions in America, so that the men could be sent overseas.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">During the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944 enter a flotilla of 60 wooden 25-metre Coast Guard cutters, nicknamed the "Matchbox Fleet" (Wpb 83-foot fleet), along all five landing beaches as combat search and rescue unit, and saved 400 Allied soldiers. Division O-1, including the Coast Guard manned USS Samuel Chase, landed the U.s. Army's 1st Infantry Division on Omaha Beach. At Utah Beach, the Coast ugard manned the command ship USS Bayfield. Some by the Coast Guard manned landing craft were lost during d-day by enemy fire and heavy seas. In addition, ran a cutter on the beach during a storm the Normandy coast and destroyed an artificial port of the Americans.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The USCGC Taney is the only warship still drives and also was at the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, though she was actually stationed in Honolulu.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On the 27 August 1944 by the Coast Guard manned USS LST-327 lost when that ran on a mine or was torpedoed in the English Channel. Lost 22 Coast Guard men life.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On 12 september 1944, the liberty ship George Ade was torpedoed by a German u-boat at Cape Hatteras. The USCGC Bedloe 'and the USCGC Jackson, en route to help the survivors of the Ade, were getting caught by a hurricane the day after, and sank both. Were 48 man of Coast Guard killed. A U.s. Navy seaplane rescued the survivors.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On January 29, 1945 exploded the Coast Guard manned liberty ship USS Serpens (AK-97) at Guadalcanal while there were loaded depth charges . 193 of the Coast guard, 56 of the US Army and 1 US Public Health Service employee died in the explosion. It was the biggest disaster for the Coast Guard during World War II.

<p lang="en" len="342" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">It was common during this period that Midshipmen from Hollywood their film careers put on the back burner and sign up for active duty, mostly at the Coast Guard. ===Douglas Munro<span class="mw-editsection" len="365" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Signalman 1st Class Douglas Munro (1919-1942) is the Coast Guard's the only person who ever received the Medal of Honor . He received him as mate of a small boat during the battle of Guadalcanal in 1942. A Navydestroyer escort, the USS Douglas a. Munro (DE-422) was named in his honor in 1944. The cutter USCGC Munro (WHEC-724) was commissioned in 1971, and is still in active service. ==Korean War<span class="mw-editsection" len="368" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">During the Korean war, the Coast Guard helped with the evacuation of the Korean peninsula after the North Korean attack. On 9 August 1950 Congress passed Public Law 679, known as the Magnuson Act, to. This gave the Coast Guard the task of ensuring the security of all ports of the United States on a permanent basis. In addition, the Coast Guard placed a series of weather ships in the North of the Pacific Ocean and assisted civilian and military aircraft and ships in distress, and founded a line of LORANstations in Japan and Korea, in support of the troops of the United Nations. ==The 1960s<span class="mw-editsection" len="365" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Coast Guard was active during the Viet Nam war. Coast Guard Deachementen 11, 12 and 13, under the operational command of the U.s. Navy's 7th fleet, assisted in the interception of stocks for the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops by sea. Seven Coast Guard members were killed during the war. In addition, a number of Coast Guard pilots served with the u.s. Air Force in Southeast Asia from 1968 to 1972.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1967, the Coast Guard took the red and blue "Racing Stripe" as part of the default appearance on the cutters, boats and airplanes. It was recommended by the industrial design firm of Raymond Loewy/William Snaith, Inc., which is also the in-and exterior of Air Force One during Kennedy had redesigned, to the ships of the Coast Guard to give a distinctive occurrence, and also so that it better was recognizable from a distance. This "Racing Stripe" became, in customized versions, also adopted by other coast guards, including the Dutch Coast Guard. ==The 1970s<span class="mw-editsection" len="365" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the mid-1970s the Coast Guard took the blue uniforms as they be worn today, replacing the older Navy-style uniforms. Worthy of mention is that the uniforms of officers and ordinary men all differences of Insignia denoting the rank and on the pet, what should symbolize that the Coast Guard really depends on are ordinary men, although it is sometimes very confusing for other services, on the saluting.

<p lang="en" len="267" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Womens werde integrated within the Coast guard during the 1970s, starting with the raising of the women's Reserve (SPARS) in 1973 and adjusting the large cutters for a mixed crew and the opening up of all ranks for women in 1978.

<p lang="en" len="342" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">All in all, the transition from treasury to Transportation in 1967, the uniform change, the end of Ocean Station service, growth of the rental on the coast with the newly added missions and replacing aging WWII cutters, marked the end of the "Old Coast Guard" ("wooden ships and men of steel"). ===End of Ocean Stations, beginning of the 200-mile limit<span class="mw-editsection" len="410" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">An important mission of the Coast Guard, maintaining Ocean Stations, came to an end with the improvement of aviation over the ocean, with turbojet aircraft radio navigation and improved. ===The Kudirka incident<span class="mw-editsection" len="373" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Simonas Kudirkajumped on 23 november 1970, a Soviet Seaman of Lithuanian nationality of the mother ship Sovetskaya Litva, that lay at anchor in American waters, at Aquinnah, Massachusetts, aboard the USCGCVigilant. The Soviets accused Kudirka of theft of 3000 Rubles from the vault of the ship. Ten hours passed. Communication problems contributed to the long time.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After attempts at Ministry of Foreign Affairs to take the lead failed, the Commander of the First Coast Guard District gave the command to a KGB detachment to board the Vigilant to Kudirka back to the Soviet ship. This led to a change in the asylum policy of the Coast Guard. the Commander were given administrative penalty and the captain of the Vigilant was given a reprimand by letter and got a job on land.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Kudirka was indicted for treason by the Soviet Union and gave up ten years in the Gulag. Research revealed that Kudirka could claim American citizenship through his mother and was allowed to come to the United States in 1974.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The incident, for years known as the Coast Guards "Day of Shame", is the basis for a television movie, The Defection of Simas Kudirka. ==The 1980s<span class="mw-editsection" len="366" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On 28 January 1980 bumped the USCGC Blackthorn (WLB-391) with the oil tanker S.S. Capricorn and capsized. 23 Coast Guard men lost their lives. This came shortly after the training ship CGC Cuyahoga was sunk after a collision in which 11 man perished in 1978. These two events had a great impact on the morale within the Coast Guard.

<p lang="en" len="299" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1980, the Coast Guard was involved in rescuing 505 passengers and crew of the MS Prinsendam in the Gulf of Alaska.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In april 1980, the Cuban Government citizens to leave the country if they wanted from Mariel with their own transport. The Coast Guard rescued boats in distress, would inspect boats for adequate security systems and refugees conducted legal proceedings. This task was complicated by a hurricane, which many boats mid-ocean and the lack of cooperation with the Cuban border police. By may, there were 600 reservists called up, helped the u.s. Navy between Cuba and Key West and also the Ausiliary was involved. Between april and May 1980 125,000 refugees were litigated. ==The 1990s<span class="mw-editsection" len="366" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1994 tried to sail from Cuba to Florida approximately 38,000, mostly on homemade rafts. The Navy and Coast Guard conducted intensive search and rescue operations at sea. Sixteen were used, as well as 34 meter cutter Buoy tenders that would not normally be used on open sea. By a change in presidential policy, rescued Cubans to the U.s. Naval Station in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. ==The years 2000<span class="mw-editsection" len="366" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 2002, the Coast Guard sent some 34 meter cutters to the Persian Gulf to the UN embargo on goods to and from Iraq to strengthen. Port Security Units and Naval Coastal Warfare units also helped in building the u.s. military power.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In March 2003, the Coast Guard was transferred from the Ministry of transport to the Department of Homeland Security.

<p lang="en" len="388" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In september 2003, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld moved all military responsibilities of the Coast Guard to the Navy and the Coast Guard gave only tasks that fell within Homeland Security.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On april 24, 2004, for the first time since the Viet Nam war a member of the Coast Guard to life. He was killed during a suicide attack in Basra in Iraq.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the Hurricane Katrina sent the Coast Guard helicopters, planes, small boats and Auxiliary aircraft, as well as 25 cutters to the Gulf Coast, and saved 2000 people in the first two days and 33,500 people in total. The crews also recovered olieplatformenen damage to offshore refineries. more than 2,400 staff helped with the reddingswerzaamheden and reconstruction.

<p lang="en" len="677" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In May 2006, at the ceremony of the changing of the command, gave president George w. Bush the entire Coast Guard, including the Coast Guard Auxiliary, the Presidential Unit Citation for their help after Hurricane Katrina. ==Future<span class="mw-editsection" len="361" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Integrated Deepwater System Program is designed to future threats against the u.s. from sea to be able. In addition to the purchase of new ships and aircraft, the tool also upgraded technology for communication, command, intelligence and reconnaissance.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">An important part of the Deepwater System is the Maritime Security Cutter, Large (WMSL), which the 378-foot (115 m) high-endurance cutters will replace it. The ship will have a length of 128 metres and powered by agas turbine engine with two additional diesel engines. The range will be around 22,000 km, with trips that can last up to 60 days.

<p lang="en" len="668" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Another important ship is the Maritime Security Cutter, Medium (WMSM), which will be 104 metres long, and can carry out a 45-day patrol, over a distance of 17,000 km. both the WMSL-if the WMSM cutters will have the ability two helicopters or four VTOL Uavs or a combination of both to carry.