Religion

Under religion (from the Latin religio, see below Etymology) is usually one of the many forms of meaning, or searching for meaningful connections, means, usually involving a higher power orgod, Supreme being central.

In a broader sense refers to the word ' religion ' on a more general form of spirituality, feelings, thoughts with respect to the meaning of life. This religiosity may or may not be considered in relation to a power, or manifestations of a power, or a (deliberately) not further defined principle, essence or entity. It is therefore not per se to an identity, a person.

Often also used the term faith . In monotheistic religions is also used the more specific concept of religion . On the other hand, are spoken about In polytheistic religions a godendom.



Content
[hide] *1 Etymologie  ==Etymologie[ Edit] == It is found at the following Roman authors etymologies of the word religio to.
 * 2 General
 * 3 definitions of religion
 * 3.1 Essentialist or substantial definitions
 * 3.2 Functional definitions
 * 3.3 Phenomenological definitions
 * 3.4 What is religion?
 * 4 subdivision of religions
 * 4.1 universal or ethnic
 * 4.2 Non-theism
 * 4.3 Classical monotheistic religions
 * 4.4 Panentheïstische, henotheïstische monolatristische and religions
 * 4.5 Polytheistic religions
 * 4.6 Pantheistic religions
 * 5 study of religion
 * 5.1 Theories
 * 6 Assumed achievements
 * 7 Criticism
 * 8 see also

Cicero the word leads from relegere (reread, observe closely redoing,) and typifies the concept of religion as the constant and diligent observance of everything on the worship of the gods relates (compare The natura deorum II, 28 and The inventione II, 22 and 53).

Lactantius explains religion from religare (bind, rebind well) and means by religion the band (League) between God and man (Divinae Institutiones IV, 28).

Aulus Gellius leads the concept off of relinquere (leave) and thereby gives to all that which created the religion belonging of the profane is isolated (Noctes Atticae IV, 9).

Augustine brings the word related to re-eligere (again choose): choose the man God in the religion, which he had lost through sin, again as a source of his salvation (De civitate Dei X, 4).

Antique theories about Word derivation (etymologie), however, are rarely reliable. The modern Linguistics leads ' religio ' off of a (not handed down) verb ' religere ', ' require ' must have meant something like that.That is also in line with the oldest established meaning of ' religio ': (compliance with a) religious duty. The erroneous etymology of Lactantius ' religion ' as would actually refer to a ' connection ' between god (s) and people enjoy in some religious circles still a-understandable-popularity. For this type of connection, however, the Latin word coniunctio reserves the. ==General[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Religion may on the one hand, be seen as an attempt by man to explain the universe and its existence in it and, on the other hand, as a reaction of the man on what he interprets as revelations of a higher power,mystical experiences or insights. In most religions is that higher power considered as Creator of the universe and in some religions as a lower deity, known as the Demiurge. In the absence of a God or creator in a religion, there is often an impersonal principle, unmentionable, for example when emanationisme.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Some researchers, including Karen Armstrongas a matter of principle, see man as a religious being. In the religion seeks the answer man on questions around life, death, destination, purpose of the meaning of suffering, history, etc. The religion has this optic guidance and solace in a chaotic world. It also gives answers, although no closing, on the whys of life. Others, including Ludwig Feuerbach, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche and Arthur Schopenhauer as Masters of the doubt, reject the thought that man is a religious being. This difference in opinion can easily be explained by to see the man as a being that religion is one way to security aims, which is trying to obtain this security. See also horror vacui .

Geographical distribution of world religions<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The vast majority of humanity is religious, whether or not professed. The number of adherents of the various world religions varies widely. Global apply approximately the following figures: Share religions and convictions to numbers trailer (2005) ==Definitions of religion<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The concept of religion is difficult, if not impossible, to define. Many dozens of definitions are suggested, but no single definition is universally accepted. However, everyone has an idea of what is meant with religion. When one random people asking for a definition of religion to give than one gets, for example, the following responses:

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In theology, sociology, philosophy and psychology are many definitions came up with. These definitions and descriptions can be divided into several groups. ===Essentialist or substantial definitions<span class="mw-editsection" len="358" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A religion tries to describe essentialist definition from its essence. One tries the essential content, the substance of religious representations and religious to describe behaviors. One tries thus religion apart from other human phenomena such as philosophy, science and politics. A well-known form of this definition is the idea that religion has to do with a belief in spiritual beings. However, this kind of definitions are problematic because in some religions, such as Theravada, Confucianism, Taoism and spiritual beings not central or even do not occur. A well-known essentialist definition stems from Friedrich Schleiermacher: "religion is the hunger of the soul to the unattainable, the impossible, the unimaginable...". Rudolf Otto described religion as the ' numinous ', the whole other and transcendent. Paul Tillich defined religion as a system of beliefs and practices aimed at the ' ultimate '.
 * The believe in (a) god (s) (theism)
 * Go to the Church and pray (Church gang)
 * A way of dealing with the uncertainty of life to go
 * The belief in spiritual beings (Tylor)
 * Clergy, sacred books, places of worship etc.
 * Good for others
 * A way of life
 * Religion as a cultural system (Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard)
 * Opium of the people (Karl Marx)
 * An illusion (Sigmund Freud)
 * It's something like Christianity, islam and so on
 * It is a form of worship
 * A series of answers to (the) big questions (such as: why are we here? What is good/evil and who decides that? etc.)

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Essentialist definitions are attractive because they are in a crisp, and often poetic, description endeavor to indicate what religion is. However, it is not proved possible to find a essentialist definition describes all accepted forms of religion. An essentialist definition moved to replace the problem by the word religion with a philosophical abstraction as the ultimate. ===Functional definitions<span class="mw-editsection" len="336" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Religion In the functional definition is defined with respect to how it functions in society. This kind of definitions are suggested to get around the problem with essential definitions. Sigmund Freud thought that religion is a way to control reality by means of inventing a perfect world. In his view, is the idea of "God" is a version of the father image and religion essentially infantile and neurotic. He sees religion as a biological and psychological necessity to the contingency of existence to be able.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Freud follower c.g. Jung had a more sympathetic attitude towards religion. If he be agnostic religious symbolism anyway an important function in the psychology of an individual. To the Freudian subconscious he added a collective unconscious, a sort of repository of shared by all cultures universal pictures (archetypes) that is also the basis of the existence of religion.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Another psychoanalyst who looked about the function of religion, is the American Erich Fromm (1900-80), which Freudian theory also modified by the oedipus complex to interpret rather than sexual, but rather as based on a "much deeper desire ', namely the childlike desire to continues to attach to protective figures.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" len="159" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [3]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Although this type of definitions can give a better description of what religion is, are functional definitions problematic because they are written from an external perspective. The religious man often does not recognize itself in this kind of definitions. Functional definitions often give a simplistic picture of the role that religion plays in the life of the religious man, just as the concept of religion in itself essentialist definitions try to simplify. ===Phenomenological definitions<span class="mw-editsection" len="341" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The phenomenology of religion trying to bypass the entire definition problem by listing the phenomena that are common to all religions. Ninian Smart defines religion as a set of institutionalized rituals of a group of people who are connected to a tradition and that spiritual sentiments with an outdoor-human focus portraying or calls and at least partially based on mythology and/or doctrines .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Firstly let Smart see that religion is not an isolated phenomenon, but something of a group of people. However, religions arise out of nowhere and Smarts definition stresses than the role of the tradition. Smarts also let an internal perspective definition by means of portraying spiritual sentiments. However, this is also a weakness of this definition because the concept is just as difficult to understand as spiritual religion. The addition that it is something other than-human clarifies this however. The last aspect of the definition States that religions are expressed by mythology and doctrines, whether or not in writing.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">This definition allows the complexity of religion come into its own, the disadvantage is, however, that the definition is very extensive. The phenomenological definition has the advantage that this religion in all its aspects can be dissected and studied. It is therefore a definition which is used mainly by sociologists . ===What is religion?<span class="mw-editsection" len="329" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The overview above indicates that a perfect definition of religion is not possible. Religion will mean something different to everyone. The phenomenological definition is nowadays the most user-friendly experienced by most scientists as the religion. This approach has the downside that it evades his questions or the fundamental ontology replaces by phenomenology. ==Subdivision of religions<span class="mw-editsection" len="341" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Religions can be subdivided on the basis of different criteria. A common method is a format on the basis of the relationship of a particular religion to the deity. For a comprehensive overview of religious currents, see the religion Portal and list of religions ===Universal or ethnic<span class="mw-editsection" len="335" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A religion can focus to all mankind (Buddhism, Christianity or islam) or to one people (including Hinduism). One is Hindu by birth. An outsider who agreed with a Hindu sect is often not by other Hindus in Indian Hindu temples permitted. ===Non-theism<span class="mw-editsection" len="326" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="116" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Non-theistic worldviews, the existence of a god or gods not central to their philosophy of life.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Taoism is an example of a non-theistic philosophy of life with philosophical and religious beliefs and principles. In the Tao Te Ching, verse 1 States: The Tao that can be said/committed/defined is not the Eternal Tao referred to it as/resistant. This verse indicates that what is placed in geverbaliseerd and a theoretical framework, not the Eternal Tao is. The Tao is not a theory, but is also no divine being; It is a natural principle that is observable in everyday life.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Also certain currents in the Hinduism such as the Advaita Vedānta (pure non-dualism) are non-theistic and take an undefined principle where nothing else bothers to say than in incomprehensible paradoxes. Such as: "it's all and emptiness". It is in everything and does not count in regards. Or: "that", "that's you." This Advaeta is related to the Shunyavada philosophy ("everything is emptiness") from Buddhism.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Buddhist religions are non-theistic religions in which the individual seeks refuge in the Buddha, the Dhamma (the teachings of the Buddha) and the Sangha (the community of Holy monks and laymen). Examples include Theravada and Mahayana. Although non-Buddhist religions are theistic, but proclaim the existence of a transcendent (spiritual) reality and propagate a belief in karma, reincarnation, spirits, gods, heavenand hell. Buddhism is not covered by monotheism and polytheism because according to the teachings of the Buddha only true salvation can be found in a principle that is considered higher than any god whatsoever.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Humanistic religiosity is generally non-theistic. Religious humanists assume a connection between all the phenomena of the world, without going out of a personal god. ===Classic monotheistic religions<span class="mw-editsection" len="348" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Classic monotheistic religions are religions in which emphatically but one deity (God) is worshipped. Examples are the Judaism, the Christianity and islam.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">However, in these religions often involve a series of spiritual creatures, the angels. Also there may be a turning away from God creature, a fallen angel, which is called the Devil or satan and comes from the angels scissors of God; This has its own evil angels demons or evil spirits are called. In some religions also talks of dualistic theism, for example in the Manichaeism and the Zoroastrian. In these religions, a distinction is made between a good and an evil god and are they diametrically contrasted. ===Panentheïstische, monolatristische and henotheïstische religions<span class="mw-editsection" len="377" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Panentheïstische, henotheïstische monolatristische and religions are theistic or monotheistic monistic-(there is only one highest God or absolute reality), but they do not automatically assume that that one God but can be approached in a way, although it usually does but in a way the supporters do. Examples of such religions are Hindu vaishnavas tradition (Vishnu), the Shaivism and shakta (Shiva), the smart travel directory(God), the Vedanta and Sikhism (God). These religions go there never from that there is only one true religion or way to God exists. ===Polytheistic religions<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Polytheistic religions have natuurgods more than one god as the various services. Also the disappeared religions of the Greeks and Romans, Teutons worshiped many different gods. Not all Hindus in India are polytheistic. Certain groups of Hindus worship God in only a certain form, just like the Christians and Muslims do that. Hinduism consists of many diverse currents or "religions". Hindus do not believe in religions but in the Universal Dharma concept that not necessarily tied to any particular religion or spiritual philosophy. ===Pantheistic religions<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In pantheistic religions is god/the divine is supposed to coincide with nature. This can be a form of non-theistic religiosity are. ==Study of religion<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Western theology deals with substantive descriptions and discussions about the God concept, visible and invisible elements related to the created universe and the relationship of Creator to creation and vice versa.Not the theology takes the view that God exists, but an agnostic position: the demand for the existence or non-existence of God does not discuss, because there can be no scientific answer to given. Theology deals with how religion works or has worked. They are mainly limited to the Western religions such as Christianity and Judaism, a broader view on these matters one finds at the religious studies. Striking is that most students in the theology believe in God which this philosophy unlike the students at most the reverse is the case. Hence the misunderstanding that theology is based on the existence of God. Where the interest in theological studies gradually decreases, takes that for religious studies to do.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">A religion may contain a belief system that consists of constitutional rules and laws. Likewise there is referred to as cultic rituals, feasts and holy places of worship and/or worship, and (especially if it concernsrevealed religions) one or more sacred or authoritative books. Anyone used this quite accurately comply with rules, laws and rituals, is called practising, practising ' religious '. Religious practices can be determined by the strong feeling. Dedication to the higher power is called devotion. A very devout man was in an old-fashioned expression 'vroom' called. In some religions, especially Christianity, faith is very central to the religious-are (' religiosity '). Although this is often the case, need not necessarily be linked to religiosity rules that are laid down by an Institute invariably. Rituals and moral standards however, hear life patterns. Many religious people believe there is a higher power or something higher is, without institutionalized rules or dogma. ===Theories<span class="mw-editsection" len="324" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Religion theories can be distinguished, on the one hand, substantive theories (focusing on what religion is) and, on the other hand, functional theories and reductionist theories (focusing on what religion does).Influential substantive theories have been proposed by Edward Burnett Tylor and James George Frazer (which concentrated on the explanation power of religions for the believers), by Rudolf Otto (which focused onreligious experience, more exactly formulated on experiences that are both fascinating and baffling), Mircea Eliade (focusing on the crave for perfection that is out of this world is, the search for meaning and sense and look for patterns in the mythology of various religions).

<p lang="en" len="806" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Influential functional theories are developed by Karl Marx (which focused on the economic background), Sigmund Freud (which focused on the psychological origin of religious beliefs) and Émile Durkheim (which focused on the social function of religions).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Max Weber religion rather than a general theory has suggested, but he described the interaction between society and religion. He also introduced a number of important concepts in the sociology of religion.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Unlike previous theorists made the anthropologists Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard and Clifford Geertz detailed ethnographic studies of "primitive religions" and came to the conclusion that older theories at their best were unilaterally. Geertz denied that it ever would be possible to come to a general theory of religion.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The rational choice theory has been applied to religions by among others the sociologists Rodney Stark and William Sims Bainbridge. They argued that religion is able to function as compensator for rewards and resolve religion not obtained so to psychological mechanisms. ==Supposed achievements<span class="mw-editsection" len="344" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Supporters often see their religion as origin of different social achievements. So according to them religion is essential for the creation and maintenance of a common ethical framework. They maintain that the influence of the religious tradition on the ethical behavior of individuals is substantial.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" len="159" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [4]  In the Buddhism, there are the five precepts, which are the basis for a Buddhist ethics forms. Both Judaism and Christianityknow the ten commandments, and the islam the sharia. They also rely on it, religious groups that helped or were the initiator of social changes. An example is the Evangelische Kirche in Germany that both in the resistance against the Nazis as at the end of the GDR has played a substantial role. The extent to which the religious character of the Church has played a role as a social group, is unclear.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" len="159" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [5]  Some Christians see a link between the socialism and the Christian tradition, the Christian socialism gives expression to here. Christian Socialists from the beginning of the 20th century were the Eindhoven worker Henry Rahim and his fellow townsman the manufacturer Eduard Redelé.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" len="159" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [6]  the most famous Dutch Christian socialist was ds. Willem Banning, a prominent member of the SDAP and later of the Dutch Labour Party. Another well-known Christian socialist was Henriette Roland Holst. ==Criticism<span class="mw-editsection" len="322" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Religion is criticized because of among other things: lack of evidence of the existence of a God or gods, inhibiting<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" len="159" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[7]  the social and scientific progress, intolerance towards certain groups of people and abuse of power. Sacred writings often contain apparent errors and contradictions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" len="159" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [8]  there is also a tension between religions for centuries and the natural sciences, especially in the field of the generation, operation and development of the universe, the Earth and life. Among others Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler have experienced this.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Religions are frequently intolerant to certain groups of people, such as women, homosexualsand dissidents. Intolerance of dissenters in the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century in the Netherlands led tocompartmentalisation of society. Fundamentalism can sometimes even lead to violence, as for example at the cartoons controversy in 2005 or the many attacks by Al-Qaeda. In the history of humanity are manyreligious wars being fought. In addition, some religious leaders in the position, that they are not accountable to worldly authorities, such as Islamic fundamentalists that the Sharia law above the Government and the judiciary in Western countries.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There is also the criticism on the concept of revelation in which the "truth" depends on the reliability of one person.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" len="159" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [9]

<p lang="en" len="728" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Another point is, that religions claim to be able to explain how the universe, the Earth and life were created and how they work, and so to be able to satisfy the human curiosity.