Australia (country)

Australia (English: Australia), officially the Commonwealth of Australia (English: Commonwealth of Australia) is a country in the southern hemisphere consisting of the Australian Mainland and a large number of Islands in the Indian and Pacific Ocean, of which the largest is Tasmania . Located Northwest of New Zealand and Australia South of Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea. The country has an area of 6 km² and 7.687.808, making it the sixth largest country in the world by area. Of the approximately 22 million inhabitants lives most in and near the major cities, such as Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide. The capital is Canberra.

Australia, which takes its name from the alleged continent terra australis incognita ("unknown southern land") was inhabited for several tens of thousands of years, for it would be discovered by Europeans. After Australia Willem Jansz in 1606 as first European discovered it took still until 1770 for the East Coast was taken by the British in possession, that the island used as a penal colony . From 1650 until 1817 the whole continent was called New Holland, Arnhem land, only the names New Zealand andTasmania now to remember the Dutch exploration in this area. New South Wales was the first colony in 1788 and in the 19th century, there were five other colonies, the forerunners of the current Australian States. On 1 January 1901, the six colonies themselves into a single Federation and it became-although still not fully independent of theUnited Kingdom. Australia takes its sovereignty to the so-called settled colony principle according to which the country was colonized peacefully.

Today Australia is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth IIas head of State, represented in Australia by the Governor-General. International Australia is a member of the G20, the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the OECD and the WTO.



Content
[hide] *1 History  ==History[ Edit] == James Cook was the first European to reached the Australian East CoastAbout 50,000 years ago, the first people to Australia, the Aborigines. Because at that time the sea level was much lower, there were natural bridges from Asia to Australia as a result of which people have to probably a short sail to reach Australia. When the Earth warmed up later, the ice started to melt and the sea level rose, Australia became an island.
 * 2 administrative divisions
 * 3 Geography
 * 3.1 physical characteristics
 * 3.2 Cities
 * 3.3 Flora and fauna
 * 3.4 Climate
 * 4 Politics
 * 5 Economy
 * 6 points of interest
 * 7 Religion
 * 7.1 Catholics
 * 8 Culture
 * 8.1 Art
 * 8.2 Media
 * 8.3 Kitchen
 * 8.4 Sport
 * 9 see also
 * 10 external links
 * 10.1 Sources
 * 10.2 footnotes

In the year 150 was there for the first time about Australia written by the Greeks. They called the land "Terra Australis".

Willem Jansz Duyfken Australia discovered with his first European in 1606, when he along the Cape York Peninsula in Northern Australia enter. The Western side of Australia became later also visited several times by Dutch and other Europeans, but this New Holland did not grow into a colony. In 1770 James Cook discovered the English Explorer the East coast of Australia. The area was named New South Wales and was used as a penal colony for English prisoners. Later the country was also popular among free citizens. Was there for the first time In 1849 gold found in Australia and then the population rose rapidly.

Australia adopted a Federal Constitution In 1901 and was a zelfregerend part (dominion) of the British Empire. Australian troops took part in both world wars. In the Second World War fought in Ambon, in Egypt, among others, Australian units, on Crete and in the Pacific.

Melbourne was the first capital, but in 1911 wrote the Government a competition for the design of a new capital. The winning design by the American architect Walter Burley Griffin was run from 1913, and in 1927 it became the new capital Canberra thus created. ==Administrative divisions[ Edit] == <p lang="en" len="161" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Australia has 6 States, 2 territories and 1 Federal territory (the Australian Capital territory), furthermore covers the 9 external territories. <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition covers the Australian Commonwealth 9 more external territories. These are but two, all through the Australian parliament controlled. Christmas Island is partly controlled by Western Australiasince 1992, partly in standalone mode with the Australian parliament. Macquarie Island is officially Tasmania 's territory since 1978. ==Geography<span class="mw-editsection" len="341" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Physical characteristics<span class="mw-editsection" len="349" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Relief map of Australia<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Australia, the smallest continent and also by some considered the largest island, is in the North by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea, the Gulf of Carpentaria and Torres Strait, bounded to the East by the Coral Sea and the Tasman Sea and Bass Strait to the South by the great Australian Bightand the. The Indian Ocean lies to the South and West of Australia. The country has a total coastline of 25 760 km.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">About three quarters of Australia consists of desert. Only in the Northeast there are rainforests, which is further south than tropical subtropical more often are. In the arid, hot interior there is besides deserts also steppeand savanna like areas, the scrublands.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Australia is the lowest and flattest continent. Much of the desert area is situated just above the sea level, with the Central Lowland in the West and the Western Plateau. On the East Coast are mountain ranges and is also the highest mountain, Mount Kosciuszko, 2228 metres with a height of. Other famous mountains and rocks are: Uluṟu (Ayers Rock),Kata Tjuṯa (the Olgas), Mount Augustus, the Devils Marbles and Wave Rock.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Thanks to the dry climate Australia rivers knows many of which are completely dry for part of the year. The country has two main rivers that contain water throughout the year: theMurray and the Darling. There are also lakes in the country such as Lake Eyre, the Beetles lubricating and Gairdnermeer that are usually dry. Large bays are the great Australian Bight, Gulf of Carpentaria and the Spencer Gulf. ===Cities<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="339" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The ten largest urban areas (urban centres) of Australia were according to the census from 2013:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[5] ===Flora and fauna<span class="mw-editsection" len="346" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === A koala<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the rainforests, most animal species. Also in the arid, hot Interior covers many species. In the Interior scrublands life include the kangaroos. A large part of the Australian fauna, and this is particularly true of the marsupials, is unique. These are an example of adaptive radiation and still quite primitive. The Australian marsupials had probably ever but a limited number of ancestors. There are also large fowl leg in Australia which hatch their eggs in heaps of rotting plant material and check the temperature thereof (thermometer birds); Once the chicks are born, they leave that to their fate.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Australia is regularly ravaged by forest fires. The journal of the Eucalyptus tree does not perish, and wait for fire to be cremated. Drought and high winds make for a rapid spread of the fire. Although it is dangerous for the inhabited World, forest fires are a necessary part for the renewal of the forests. The Eucalyptus seed pods have great heat required to open to jump. Also the scorched mother tree usually runs off again. ===Climate<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The seasons in Australia are opposite to that of the northern hemisphere. Spring lasts from september to november, the summer from december to February, the fall from March to may and winter from June to August. Australia has for the most part, a subtropical climate in the far North is a tropical climate.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">From October until the end of november is the ' early storm season '. December and January is the ' early monsoon ', sometimes quite wet. the ' late ' monsoon falls in February and March, with very heavy rainfall. The ' late ' storm season of april and may has severe storms. In June and July, the climate is very pleasant. It is hot and dry in August. In the rainy season often severe storms for, on average, approximately five per year. Average is circa 1470 mm precipitation.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Central Australia has a real desert climate. In summer the temperatures very high. In the winter it can be quite cool at night. There is less than 250 mm of precipitation per year and the dry season lasts more than eight months.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The North of new South Wales and Southern Queensland have a subtropical climate with year-round pleasant weather, although it can be pretty hot in the summer. Major cities like Sydney, Perth and Adelaide have aMediterranean climate with warm summers and mild winters.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Victoria and Tasmania in the South have a temperate climate. In the winter it can be quite cold with snowfall in the higher areas. The rest of the year it is sunny and warm with a chance of heat waves in Victoria. ==Politics<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Six former British colonies, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia were United in a Federal State . Each State has its own Government, Constitution , judiciaryandGovernment with its own chosen premier. Federal are the Australian Senate and the Australian House of representatives that the Australian Parliament forms.

The British Royal family<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Head of Government is the Prime Minister of Australia. The Commonwealth has additionally two zelfregerende areas: the Australian Capital territory (the area of the federal capitalCanberra) and the Northern Territory with Darwin as its capital. Also belong to the Commonwealth: Jervis Bay territory to the Australian East Coast, Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean, Norfolk in the Pacific and Heard Island and McDonald Islands in the Southern Ocean.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Commonwealth of Australia is a Federal parliamentary democracy also a parliamentary (Constitutional) Kingdom with Australia Queen Elizabeth II as head of State with the title Queen of Australia. Heir to the throne of the nation is Crown Prince Charles. The head of State In each State is represented by a Governor and in the Federal Government by the Governor General. The head of State in the Commonwealth is represented by the Governor-General of Australia, who is appointed by the Crown on the advice of theAustralian Prime Minister. Although most tasks by the Governor General and urban Governors are running there are some who performs the head of State himself by personal presence. In a referendum in 1999 is that the population of Australia rejected a transition to a Republic. ==Economy<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Surface mining in the Super Pit gold mine in Kalgoorlie<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Australia has a free market economy, which is dominated by the services sector. This covers 68% of the Australian gross domestic product. The agriculture and mining sector (together 10% of GDP) are jointly responsible for 57% of Australia's exports.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Australian economy is, measured according to the standards for economic freedom, one of the most laissez-faire capitalist economies in the world. Australia's gross domestic product in terms of purchasing power parity is slightly higher than that of the United Kingdom, Germany and France. In the Human Development Index of the United Nations 2009 was the country in second place. ==Points Of Interest<span class="mw-editsection" len="352" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ==Religion<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The census of 2001 and 2006 brought the following results<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-censusreligion_1-1" len="192" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[1]  : ===Catholics<span class="mw-editsection" len="344" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Among the Christians form the Catholics in terms of the number of the largest faith community of Australia. The Australians went almost 4% in 2006 to a Catholic Church during the weekend. Although absolutely rose in the last 5 years the number of Catholics (especially through immigration), took off the relative number of Catholics: from 26.6% in 2001 to 25.8% in 2006.
 * Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National park with Uluṟu (Ayers Rock) and Kata Tjuṯa (The Olgas)
 * Kakadu National park
 * Willandra Lakes Region
 * Great Barrier Reef

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The number of Church visitors dropped from 864,000 in 1996 to 763.276 in 2001, and to 708.618 in 2006. A decrease in the number of Church visitors with almost 20% in 10 years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [6] ==Culture<span class="mw-editsection" len="340" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == The Royal Exhibition building inMelbourne was the first building in Australia in 2004 that was included on the UNESCO World Heritage list.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [7] <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Since 1788 is the basis of Australian culture strongly influenced by Anglo-Celtic Western culture.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [8]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[9]  a number of high profile cultural characteristics are also born from the natural environment of Australia and from indigenous cultures.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bush_10-0" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [10]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[11]  since the mid-20th century, the American culture that strongly influenced Australia, particularly through television and film.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tw_12-0" len="182" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [12]  other cultural influences come from neighbouring Asian countries and through large-scale immigration from non-English speaking countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tw_12-1" len="182" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [12]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[13] ===Art<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Bailed up by Tom Roberts shows robbing a carriage throughbushrangers returned.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Of the Australian Visual Arts is supposed that started with the cave paintings, rock carvings and bodypainting of indigenous peoples. The traditions of indigenous Australians are largely transmitted orally, through ceremony and by telling the Dreamtime stories.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [14]  from the beginning of European settlement is an important theme in Australian art the natural landscape,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bush_10-1" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[10]  that, for example, can be seen in the works of Albert Namatjira,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[15]  Arthur Streeton and others associated with the Heidelberg School<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bush_10-2" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[10]  and Arthur Boyd.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [16]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The landscape is a lasting source of inspiration for Australian modernist artists. It is depicted in acclaimed works by Sidney Nolan,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[17]  Fred Williams,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[18]  Sydney Long,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[19]  and Clifton Pugh.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [20]

Performance of Aboriginal song and dance in the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Australian literature is also influenced by the landscape. The works of writers such as Banjo Paterson, Henry Lawson, and Dorothea Mackellar capture the experience of the Australian bush.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [21]  The national character of the colonial past of the country, as shown in the early literature, is popular with modern Australians.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bush_10-3" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [10]  In 1973, Patrick White the first Australian who was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[22] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[23]  Australian winners of the Man Booker Prize for Fiction are Peter Carey and Thomas Keneally.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [24]  David Williamson, David Malouf and John Maxwell Coetzee, which only recently has become an Australian citizen, are also well known writers,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[25]  and Les Murray is regarded as "one of the most important poets of his generation".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JT77_26-0" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [26] ===Media<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Australian film industry began with the release in 1906 release of The Story of the Kelly Gang, which is considered to be the world's first feature film.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [27]  both the Australian feature film production and the distribution of the British films dropped dramatically after the World War I as American studios and distributors monopolize the film industry.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [28] Against the 1930s showed in Australia is about 95 percent of feature films produced in Hollywood. Against the the late 1950s, the feature film production in Australia actually to exist and no more fully Australian feature films made in the ten years between 1959 and 1969.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [29]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Australia has two public broadcasters (the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and the multicultural Special Broadcasting Service), three commercial television stations, different pay TV services, and numerous public, non-profit television and radio stations. Every major city has at least one daily newspaper and there are two national newspapers, The Australian and The Australian Financial Review ===Kitchen<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The Pavlova is eaten in Australia since the 20th century.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The food of indigenous Australians was largely influenced by the environment in which they lived. Most tribes lived by a simple j-verzamelaardieet. They hunted on native game and fish and gathered native plants and fruit. The General term for the native Australian flora and fauna that is used as a food source is bush tucker.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [30]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[31]  the first settlers introduced dishes on the continent<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-food_32-0" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[32], which is to a large extent certain now what is considered typical Australian food. Since the beginning of the 20th century is eating in Australia increasingly influenced by immigrants from various countries, in particular from South-European and Asian cultures.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-food_32-1" len="184" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [32]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-f2_33-0" len="182" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[33]  the Australian wine is produced in 60 different production areas by a total of approximately 160,000 hectares. They are mainly located in the southern, cooler parts of the country. The wine regions in each of these States produce different grape varieties and styles that use the local climates and soil types. The predominant wine varieties are Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay,Merlot, Semillon, Pinot noir, Riesling and Sauvignon blanc.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [34]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wine_for_Dummies_35-0" len="196" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[35]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sotheby_36-0" len="187" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[36]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[37]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[38] ===Sports<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Cricket is an important part of Australia's sporting culture since the 19th century.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [39] <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Approximately 24% Australians over the age of 15 years regularly participates in organised sporting activities in Australia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [40]  Australia has strong international teams in cricket,hockey, netball, rugby League and rugby union. In each of these sports are they the last 25 years at least twice Olympic or world champion in both men and women (as applicable).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [41]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[42]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[43]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[44]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[45]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[46]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[47]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[48]  Australia is also strong in track cycling, rowing and swimming and ends up consistently in the top five medal winners at Olympic or WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP level since 2000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [49]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[50]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[51]  swimming is the strongest of these sports. Australia is the second most prolific medal winner in this sport in Olympic history.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [52]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53" len="179" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[53]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-aoc50_54-0" len="185" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[54]