Berlin

Berlin is the capital of Germany and as City State a State of that country. With 3.375.222 inhabitants[1]  Berlin is also the largest city of the country and thesecond largest city in the European Union. Situated in the northeast of Germany, on the river Spree and is enclosed by the Federal State of Brandenburg, which since 1920 they no longer matter.

In its history, dating back to the 13th century, Berlin was the capital of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and nazi Germany (1933-1945). After the Second World War, Berlin was a divided city for more than forty years, with the eastern part as the capital of the German Democratic Republic and was West Berlin a de facto exclave of West Germany was. After the German reunification in 1990, Berlin the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany and the seat of the Parliament, the regional representation and the head of State.

Berlin is a metropolis and is true in Europe as one of the greatest cultural, political and scientific centers. [2]  [3]  the city is also known for the high-developed cultural life (festivals, nightlife, museums, art exhibitions etc.) and the liberal lifestyle, modern Zeitgeist and low cost. In addition, Berlin is one of the greenest cities in Europe: 22% of Berlin consists of nature and parks and 6% from lakes, rivers and canals. [4]



Content
[hide] *1 History  ==History[ Edit] == ===Foundation and development in the middle ages[ Edit] === Originally consisting of Berlin from two cities: Berlin and Cölln. The name Berlin is possibly derived from the Slavic word "berl" which means swamp. Cölln is derived fromColonia. Allows a colony of Berlin were meant to be, but it would also be a reminder of the first inhabitants may have been to their city of origin, namely Cologne.
 * 1.1 Foundation and development in the middle ages
 * 1.2 early modern period
 * 1.3 Weimar Republic and second world war
 * Division 1.4
 * 1.5 Reunification
 * 2 Geography
 * 2.1 Topography
 * 2.2 Climate
 * 2.3 City format
 * 3 Population
 * 3.1 Population evolution
 * 3.2 Aliens
 * 3.3 Dialect
 * 4 Politics
 * 4.1 federal capital
 * 4.2 City Government
 * 4.3 Partner cities
 * 5 Culture
 * 5.1 construction works and points of interest
 * 5.2 streets and squares
 * 5.3 Museums
 * 5.4 Shopping
 * 5.5 nightlife
 * 5.6 Sports
 * 6 traffic and transport
 * 7 education and science
 * 8 Media
 * 8.1 Radio & tv
 * 9 Famous Berliners
 * 10 external links
 * 11 Literature

Around 1230 the graves have Johan I and Otto III founded the city of Berlin-Cölln. Unfortunately, the acts of the Foundation not been preserved. The first time they are called is 1251 for Berlin and Cölln1261 for. In 1307 the two communities decided to go together and had the places in 1400 in total about 8000 inhabitants.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">However, even before the town Foundation habitation have been. On Petriplatz in 2008 were the remains of a wooden beam found, coming from a oak which must be cut down in 1192 .<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" len="159" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [5]

City view of Berlin in 1688<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Both city share a treaty in 1307 to better locks and enhanced cooperation, but both parts retained a separate Board. The close cooperation was bitter necessity in the troubled times that followed. The city was now seen as a unit and formed a solid stronghold in the time that new rulers of Bavaria their eye on Berlin-Cölln had dropped. Villages in the North and South of the city were bought up and at the city and Berlin-Cölln Hansa city was.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">From 1319 was there long and bloody battle for the Brandenburg area by various Royal houses. In 1411 begged the population the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire for help.Was In 1415 Frederick of Hohenzollern on the Council of Constance by King Sigismund appointed elector of Brandenburg; This marked the beginning of the 500-year reign by the Hohenzollern dynasty. ===Early modern period<span class="mw-editsection" len="331" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The most famous street in Berlin was already designed in 1647. To a better connection with the Tiergarten from the Hundebrücke effect it instituted an avenue laid out with six rows lime and walnut trees, Unter den Linden. However, due to the construction of the fortifications was shifted to its present form in 1673.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">By Elector Frederick III to the coronation of King Frederick I of Prussia in 1701, Berlin got the status of capital of Prussia.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At the end of the nineteenth century, the rapid economic growth (thanks to Germany's industrialization) for an increase in the urban population. Between 1819 and 1840 the population of 201.000 to 328,000 grew and new housing was therefore necessary. The few undeveloped pieces within the old city walls were built up rapidly. The meadows in the Northeast and Southwest were also used for buildings. The plan for the district was already in 1825, Köpenicker Feld but was because of limited resources for compensation to the farmers only in 1840 accomplished. The old ways structure was retained and new streets were laid out in such a way that square pieces of land were diagonally cut by the ancient streets.

<p lang="en" len="449" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On 18 January 1871 Otto von Bismarck founded the Reich with Berlin as the national capital. ===Weimar Republic and second world war<span class="mw-editsection" len="352" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The Berliner Stadtschloss and theKaiser-Wilhelm-the National Memorialaround 1900<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the end of the first world war in 1918 was proclaimed the Republic in Berlin. In 1920, several cities and areas around Berlin annexed in accordance with the Groß-Berlin-Gesetz. The new United Berlin counted when nearly 4 million inhabitants. The city was a bustling metropolis in this period, with a varied nightlife where place was for exuberanttheater and experimental cinematography. Fritz Lang made in 1927 in the film studios at Babelsberg in Potsdam the most expensive film of its time, metropolis .

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">After the seizure of power by the National Socialists in 1933, Berlin was the capital of the Third Reich. The Nazis used the Summer Olympics in 1936 in Berlin for propaganda purposes. There were also plans to Berlin to the Welthauptstadt of the Germanic Empire to build. This did not go through due to the outbreak of the Second World War. In april 1945, the troops of Berlin within the Soviet Union . Street for street the city had to be conquered. Tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians perished. Adolf Hitler committed suicide on 30 april 1945 suicide in a bunker under Berlin. A few days after Germany capitulated.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The devastation in the battle of Berlin at the end of the second world war were enormous. By this damage and the demolition of the city walls and canals in the 19th and 20th centuries was the grandeur of the City Berlin disappeared. ===Division<span class="mw-editsection" len="322" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Sign at the Brandenburg Gate in 1959<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">At the end of the second world war, Berlin was occupied by the Allied troops from France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union. During the Potsdam Conference in 1945 Berlin, like the rest of Germany, divided in four sectors: a Soviet, an American, a British and a French sector. Berlin became the focal point of the cold war, since the city was in the middle of the Soviet occupation zone in Germany lag. Soon the three went capitalist sectors (the French, British and American sector) more work together; the Soviet Union put out a different political line.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">On 24 June 1948 the Soviet authorities blocked the Western sectors hoping to annex the entire city. It was for people from the three Western sectors banned by the sector of the Soviet Union. Because the United Kingdom, France and the United States sectors as an island in the Soviet sector layers, it was not possible to provide these goods over land areas. The Western allies responded by a sky bridge set: all goods that the city needed were supplied with aircraft. On 12 May 1949 the blockade was lifted.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany (capital Bonn) was set up, composed of the French, English and American sector. The Soviet sector was transformed into the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Got a Communist Government in East Germany and East Berlin was, against the agreements reached in, capital of the GDR. The Board of Berlin was already split in 1948 when the elections for the magistrate of Berlin in East Berlin were prevented. East Berlin, a private, not by elected magistrate in. After the founding of the Federal Republic of West Berlin voluntarily took over all laws of the Federal Republic, and was considered a State thereof. West Berlin was at this time not the capital of the Federal Republic. Also there was no conscription in the Bundeswehr and West Berlin delegates in the Bundestag had no voting rights. That first made it attractive for young people to live in West Berlin, because here was no conscription. To 1962 also had a separate status in the East Berlin DDR. From that year on gold the conscription of the GDR also to residents of East Berlin.

Berlin Wall<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">An increasing number of GDR citizens fled to West Berlin. To stop these refugees decided the GDR to isolate West Berlin in 1961. On the night of August 13, 1961, a raised border around West Berlin. These barbed wires were soon replaced by a wall. Everyone who tried from East Berlin to West Berlin to flee, was shot. There were only a few passages, which among other things made possible for Western tourists to visit East Berlin for a day. Checkpoint Charlie is a well-known example. On 26 June 1963, u.s. president John f. Kennedy a visit to West Berlin, partly for the residents there to encourage, and he loved there are world famous speech "Ich bin ein Berliner!" ===Reunification<span class="mw-editsection" len="324" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Division came to an end when in 1989 the discontent in the GDR was so great, that the regime had no hands. On 9 november 1989, the wall was demolished slowly by demonstrators. This was the border between East and West Berlin after years of separation opened. Germany was officially reunited on 3 October 1990. It entered the East German Federal States, which were abolished in 1952 and were re-established in 1990, to the Federal Republic as "new federal States", West Berlin and East Berlin were merged into one State and was also the capital of Berlin Germany. In 1991 the decision was made to move the Government to Berlin, which actually happened in 1999. Berlin has nowadays so the title Federal Capital of Germany.

Skyscrapers in the modern Berlin<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">East Berlin after the war itself had developed quite different than West Berlin. Only after the fall of the wall were the war-damaged residential areas in East Berlin refurbished.Many buildings were still full of bullet holes from the battle of Berlin. The city searched for the atmosphere of the twenties, before World War II. Today Berlin is a city of 3.4 million people in all kinds of descent. ==Geography<span class="mw-editsection" len="323" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Topography<span class="mw-editsection" len="324" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Relief map of Berlin<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin is located in Eastern Germany, about 70 kilometers from the border with Poland and is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg. The city lies on the banks of the riverSpree, which at the height of the westernmost district Spandau flows into the Havel. The Havel flows from North to South through West Berlin and consists to a large extent from a chain of contiguous Lakes, including the Tegeler See and Großer Wannsee. The largest lake in Berlin, however, lies on the East side of the city: the Großer Müggelsee Lake with an area of 7.4 km².

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">With an area of 891,82 km², of which 19 percent forest and 6.7 percent water, is Berlin one of the greenest and biggest cities in the world. The city is surrounded by dozens of suburbs that have a rural character. ===Climate<span class="mw-editsection" len="321" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin has a continental climate, with warm dry summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature is 9.1 ° c.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;"> ===City Format<span class="mw-editsection" len="328" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin is divided into twelve bezirken, which in turn are divided in a total of 96 the following centres. The following centres although no administrative unit for couples, they are the basis for official delimitation and have therefore administrative boundaries. Ortslagen a third layer forms mentioned, not exactly demarcated and only in colloquial known geographical areas. The following centres and ortslagen play a greater role in everyday parlance, as they are in contrast to the proposals, which are only technical bezirken administrative units, historical formats are.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">With the Groß-Berlin-Gesetz<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" len="159" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[6]  were in 1920 several cities, rural communities and gutsbezirken merged. The new Groß-Berlin included the following centres, which when originally 20 bezirken with 94 of the former municipalities corresponded with unchanged grensverlopen. Of these 20 bezirken layers after the communication of the city 12 in West- and 8 in East Berlin. As a result of city extensions by a new building on the eastern outskirts was – without annexation – by creation of new bezirken from some existing, the number in the eastern part between 1979 and 1986 to 11 increased, while in the western part with the exception of the field exchange of West-Staaken against the GDR part of Groß Glienicke the number remained unchanged. The reunited Berlin counted in 1990 with 23 bezirken. In the Gebietsreformgesetz of 10 June 1998, it was decided the number of Bezirkfusies with effect from 1 January 2001 to reduce by up to 12. The number and delimitation of the following centres was amended several times during the last decade.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">As territories of the State of Berlin bezirken carry their names without the prefix "Berlin". This usage is also on the the government institutionslisted, such as bezirken courts and tax offices of application so thatAmtsgericht Tiergarten or denominations as Finanzamt Kreuzberg bondsbreed be used, without the name is made clear that the institution belongs to the city of Berlin.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" len="159" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [7]  <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" len="159" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[8] ==Population<span class="mw-editsection" len="324" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Bevölkerungspyramide von Berlin am 31. Dezember 2010<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Lived there on 31 december 2012 3.53 million people<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Berlijn_Stat_1-2" len="172" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[1]  in Berlin. The entire metropolitan region Berlin-Brandenburg has 6 million inhabitants.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" len="161" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [10]  it has a population of 3,960 inhabitants per km².
 * Source: Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg

===Population Evolution<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Population change in Berlin in the period 1200-presentPopulation change in Berlin in the period 1200-1750<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The population of Berlin was for a long time of modest in size. In 1220 some 1,200 people in Berlin, lived in Cölln, on the other side of the Spree, about as much. The population increased steadily to 12,000 in 1600. After a small downturn by the thirty years ' war, knew Berlin in the second half of the seventeenth century under the Great elector Frederick William, a rapid growth: the city had approximately 6,000 inhabitants in 1648, in 1709 there were about 57,000. The active immigration politics of the electors threw fruit. The immigration policy was aimed to boost the population of the city and to boost the economy of the disadvantaged country. Initially were especially Dutch and Friesen who migrated to Berlin. The persecutions in France, on the one hand, and religious freedom in Berlin on the other hand, attracted many migrants, in particular the Protestant Huguenots from France. This group released their industrial knowledge and skills along with it. In 1698 the Berlin population existed for a quarter of French immigrants.

Population change in Berlin in the period 1747-1880<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Also after Berlin continued to grow rapidly. In 1740 the population exceeded one hundred thousand and in 1875 the million. The rapid growth in the nineteenth century has several causes. On the one hand this is due to the industrialisation and with it hand in hand the rural depopulation. This rural depopulation came especially from the East, the countryside of Prussia. As a result, were in the East and North of Berlin huge living barracks were built for the workers. This allows for a further expansion of the city in the direction of Moabit, Wedding and Gesundbrunnen. Near the new residential areas came all industrial sites. On the other hand, in 1871, Berlin was the capital of the new Reich, which brought with it a huge suction effect.

<p lang="en" len="254" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The emergence of greater Berlin in 1920 did the population even further increase.

Population change in Berlin in the period 1880-present<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 1942 the city counted a record number of 4.48 million inhabitants, but then did the second world war and the carve-up of the city population strong decline. During the Division falls on the East Berlin know a strong decline (-11.6% in 1961) and West Berlin a population growth (+ 2.3% in 1961). The population remained in 1978 reached a low point and rises more or less constant since then. ===Aliens<span class="mw-editsection" len="328" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Of the population there are about 480,000 foreigners. By far the largest ethnic group comes from Turkey. In Berlin lived on december 31, 2008 ca. 111.300 Turks. Most of them live in Kreuzberg. In addition, there are approximately 41,000 Poland. Other large groups come from former Yugoslavia, among others. So, there are over 25,000 people from Serbia and Montenegro and Croatia11,500. Also living there are relatively many people from the former Soviet Union. They are often overlooked in statistics because these Aussiedler often simply a German citizenship (German ancestors or Jewish related with the Deutsche Wiedergutmachungspolitik) can ask to have. This includes about 45,000 people. In addition, approximately 14,000 Italiansliving there.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Stat_11-0" len="166" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [11]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;"><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stat2_12-0" len="167" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;">[12]
 * Source: Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">63.3% of the population have no faith, 19.7% 9.3% 7.2% is protestant, Catholic, Jew and Muslim and 0.3% 0.2% belongs to another faith. ===Dialect<span class="mw-editsection" len="322" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Heinrich Zille: Konsum-Genossenschaft, 1924

Image text: "Frida – wenn Deine Mutter ooch in's ' Konsum ' koofte wärste kräftiges long a Child – SAG's ihr schon!"<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin (German: Berlinisch or Berlinerisch) is generally as a variant of the Berlin-Brandenburg seen bird, that is spoken in Berlin and the surrounding area and also only in Berlin usual contains proverbs and idioms . Speech science is actually a dialect metrolect, an urban voice mixing, which is not of regional origin, but by the mixing of dialects originated from different sources.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Siehr.2C_Berner_13-0" len="177" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [13]  modern-day Brandenburg is a variant of the Berlin metrolect.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Berlin took by the influx of many population groups countless words and idioms from other languages and dialects on, including the Flemish, French andYiddish. The Berlin was considering the language in the history of the simple people, the well-off spoke flawless High German. Although parts of the Berlin about many Nieuwberlijners names, however, was in daily use as raunchy, proletarian or dom held. In the GDR changed this attitude partly so that Berlin was also partly spoken in higher circles. Thereby are the areas where the dialect is now especially in the emphatic Ostbezirken, the old Western workers neighborhoodsand the countryside around the city. The language of Berlin is getting through immigration waves defined, whereby the used language remains variable.

<p lang="en" len="803" style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In much of the current suburbs of Berlin were as in the surrounding Brandenburg to<sup len="1" style="line-height:1;">e  in the 20 century dialects of low German, more exactly the Märkisch-Brandenburg, spoken, which however due to the urbanization of the suburbs and by the linguistic look of the metropolis Berlin nowadays largely disappeared, and influenced by bird dialects or a Berlin regiolect of standard German has been replaced. ==Politics<span class="mw-editsection" len="323" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Federal Capital<span class="mw-editsection" len="329" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">For the unification of Germany in 1871 Germany had no capital. One would Frankfurt am Main until then can describe as its capital, but the decision as such is never taken. In 1871, Berlin became the capital of theGerman Empire, because it is the capital of Prussia, was the most important country in the Empire. At the time of the German communication was the West German capital Bonn and East Berlin the capital of the GDR.

The German Bundestag in the Reichstag Building<p lang="en" len="1178" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The first German Parliament decided in 1991 after the reunification with the so called "Hauptstadtbeschluss" (capital decision), that Berlin as federal capital also seat of the Bundestag and the Federal Government would be.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Since 1994 is the headquarters of the Federal president in the Bellevue Palace in Berlin. In 1999 found the move of most of the Federal Government from Bonn to Berlin. The Federal Government, the Bundestag in the Reichstag Building and the Federal Council in the former Prussian mansion have since picked up work in the capital. In the year 2001, the Bundeskanzleramt initiated and for the first time by the then Chancellor Gerhard Schröder involved.

The Bundeskanzleramt in the governmental quarter<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Of the currently fourteen Federal ministries (of the Government Merkel II) have eight their headquarters in Berlin, including the Auswärtiges Amt (Foreign Affairs) in the National bank in 1934 build annex of the former or the Bundesministerium der Finanzen built in 1935 in the former Reichsluftfahrtministerium. The remaining six have their headquarters in Bonn. However, not all ministries have headquarters in the city that is a second seat. All federal ministers have therefore also a workplace in the federal capital. Parts of the federal ministries are just as before in the former federal capital (nowFederal City) Bonn. The majority of the officers, about 9,000 people, work in Bonn. More than 140 embassies with their diplomatic representatives have their seat in Berlin.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" len="161" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [14]  The Belgian Embassy is located on the Jägerstraße near the Gendarmenmarkt; the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to theKlosterstraße. ===City Government<span class="mw-editsection" len="327" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The Rotes Rathaus, the Town Hall of Berlin<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin is, as well as Hamburg and Bremen, a State (Bundesland) in itself. The Government is formed by the Senate, which consists of the Regierender Bürgermeister and up to eight senators exists. The members of the Government are chosen by the Parliament, the AbgeordnetenhausBerlin, that 141 seats counts. The seat of the Mayor and the Senate is the Rotes Rathaus near Alexanderplatz the.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Since the State elections of 2001, the city and State Government formed by a Coalition of the social democratic party SPD and the Socialist Die Linke. The current Regierender Bürgermeister is, since 2001, Klaus Wowereit. The Mayor and the Government were re-elected in 2006. There are elections In september 2011.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin is divided into twelve districts (see the chapter City format) or Verwaltungsbezirke; for 1 January 2001 there were 23. Each district has its own Board (Bezirksamt), formed by a mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister) and five Council members. This Board is chosen by the 55 members of the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung, which in turn is elected directly by the population. The mayors of the districts form the Rat der BürgermeisterRegierender Bürgermeister, whose President is. This Council advises the Senate.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The expenditure of the Federal State Berlin amounts annually about 20 billion. Berlin is struggling with huge debts, on 31 december 2009, the total debt amounted to 59.8 billion euros. ===Partner Cities<span class="mw-editsection" len="328" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin maintains with 17 cities around the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stedenband_15-0" len="172" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [15]  these partnerships were mainly shortly before and after the reunification in 1990 closed. Purpose of this cities connections is to strengthen the Berlin economics and science with other global cities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-stedenband_15-1" len="172" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [15]  in addition, the cultural offer and promotes Exchange. <p lang="en" len="80" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In addition, also from Berlin towns cities ties. ==Culture<span class="mw-editsection" len="322" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Berliner DomBrandenburg GateCharlottenburg PalaceBuddy Bear Quadriga in Berlin,Kurfürstendamm 21Potsdamer PlatzCheckpoint CharlieThe Fernsehturm at AlexanderplatzBode MuseumHamburger Bahnhof-Museum für Gegenwart===Buildings and places of interest<span class="mw-editsection" len="348" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="61" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin has many major attractions, including:

<p lang="en" len="48" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Berlin include the churches:
 * Altes Stadthaus
 * Berlin Wall
 * Federal Chancellery
 * Botanical Garden
 * Brandenburg Gate on the Pariser Platz, built in 1788
 * Checkpoint Charlie in the Friedrichstraße, since 1961
 * Charité
 * Deutsches Theater Berlin in Schumannstraße, built 1850
 * Zoos: Zoologischer Garten and tierpark Friedrichsfelde
 * East Side Gallery
 * Fernsehturm, the 365-meter high television tower near the Alexanderplatz
 * Funkturm
 * Grunewald
 * Haus der Kulturen der Welt
 * Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche (Memorial Church)
 * Großer Tiergarten, the largest park of the city
 * Hauptbahnhof, the largest station in Europe
 * Holocaust Memorial
 * KaDeWe
 * Kreuzberg
 * Legoland Discovery Center Berlin
 * Memorial to the homosexuals persecuted under Nazism in the Großer Tiergarten
 * Monument to the Sinti and Roma in Europe in the Großer Tiergarten
 * New Synagogue on Oranienburger Straße
 * St. Nicholas Quarter
 * Olympic Stadium
 * Potsdamer Platz with the Sony Center and the DaimlerChrysler Quartier, both speaking examples of modern architecture
 * Rathaus Schöneberg
 * Reichstag Building
 * Rotes Rathaus
 * Siegessäule
 * Bellevue Palace
 * Charlottenburg Palace
 * Sony Center
 * Sowjetische Ehrenmal im Tiergarten in the Großer Tiergarten
 * Ehrenmal Sowjetisches im Treptower Park in Treptower Park
 * Station Zoologischer Garten
 * Former airport Tempelhof,

===Streets and squares<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="43" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Well-known streets and squares in Berlin are:
 * Berliner Dom
 * Sint-Joris Church
 * Holy Cross Church
 * St. Bonifatius Church
 * Nikolaikirche

===Museums<span class="mw-editsection" len="320" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin has a total of more than 170 museums. On the Museum Island, the northern tip of the island in the Spree, is five museums:
 * Alexanderplatz
 * Friedrichstraße
 * Gendarmenmarkt
 * Karl-Marx-Allee, formerly the stalinallee
 * Kurfürstendamm
 * Platz der Republik
 * Potsdamer Platz
 * Straße des 17. June Charlottenburger Allee, formerly
 * Schönhauser Allee
 * Unter den Linden

<p lang="en" len="24" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Other museums in Berlin:
 * Alte Nationalgalerie, built between 1867 and 1876.
 * Altes Museum, built between 1825 and 1828, until 1845 Königliches Museum called.
 * Bode Museum, built between 1897 and 1904, for the images collection of Wilhelm von Bode.
 * Neues Museum, built between 1843 and 1855.
 * Pergamon Museum, built between 1910 and 1930, for the exhibition of archaeological treasures such as the Ishtar Gate from Babylon the antique.

===Shopping<span class="mw-editsection" len="323" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === Kaufhaus des Westens<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">There are several large retail concentrations in Berlin. An example is the well-known Kurfürstendamm. Exclusive shops of international fashion designers can be found in the side streets as the Fasanenstraße. Just east of the Kurfürstendamm is the Kaufhaus des Westens (KaDeWe). International design mode can be found in the Friedrichstraße, in the Quartier 206 and the Galeries Lafayette. Also there is the Potsdamer Platz Arkaden to the new with a wide range of shops. Separate fashion, extravagant and creative design is there in the many small boutiques around the Hackesche Höfe in Mitte and Kastanienallee in Prenzlauer Berg. On the Straße des 17. June is a flea market.
 * Kulturforum Berlin:
 * Old Masters Picture Gallery
 * Neue Nationalgalerie
 * Kunstgewerbemuseum
 * ' Kupferstichkabinett '
 * Musikinstrumentenmuseum
 * Museums Berlin-Dahlem:
 * Ethnologisches Museum
 * Museum of Asian art
 * Museum Europäischer Kulturen
 * Ägyptisches Museum
 * Bauhaus-Archiv about Bauhaus
 * DDR Museum about the everyday life in the GDR
 * Deutsche Guggenheim
 * German Museum Of Technology
 * Film museum Berlin
 * KW Institute for Contemporary Art
 * Hamburger Bahnhof-Museum für Gegenwart
 * Jüdisches Museum Berlin, designed by Daniel Libeskind
 * Madame Tussauds (wax museum)
 * Martin-Gropius-Bau
 * Museum Berggruen
 * Museum Haus am Checkpoint Charlie
 * Zeughaus (Deutsches Historisches Museum) about the history of Germany
 * Märkisches Museum about the history of Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg
 * Naturkundemuseum
 * Zuckermuseum

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Around Christmas time, the Berlin Christmas markets. ===Nightlife<span class="mw-editsection" len="328" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin is known as the entertainment city in Europe. There is no closing time set by the Government for the hospitality industry. Some things are even open 24 hours a day. There are plenty of cafés, restaurants, clubs, clubs, cocktail bars etc. There's not really an entertainment center in the city, well there are concentrations of nightlife. Some famous entertainment areas are Oranienburger Straße / Hackescher Markt, Kurfürstendamm area, Kollwitzplatz and other district Prenzlauer Berg, Friedrichshain, the Nollendorfplatz and environment (gay scene) and Oranienstraße and surroundings.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Many locations are on the outside is hardly identifiable as venue. An advantage according to many is that you are correct in these occasions the native Berliner, and fewer tourists. Also, some clubs "mobile", in that they regularly exchange locations. As always applies here even more that what is "in" today, tomorrow may be "off". But also true as always, that in particular the taxi drivers and hotel receptionists, often also are aware of the latest trends.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the nightlife of Berlin is really everything. The Lonely Planet even claims that the hedonism of the 1920s is back in the spirit of the Berlin nightlife. ===Sports<span class="mw-editsection" len="320" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === The Olympiastadion<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin has about 2000 sport associations, with a total of around 550,000 active members in the sport in General.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" len="161" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [16]  In 2010, such a 145 associations in the highest or second-highest level in Germany from.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" len="161" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [17]

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Since 1891 are there soccer competitions in Berlin organized. The first major competition was the competition that was organised by the Berlin Football Association . To 1963 played the clubs from Berlin in a private League as highest class, leaving very many clubs who have a rich history, but many have now degenerated into a competition reforms to lower series.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In the early days waved BTuFC Britannia 1892, BTuFC Viktoria 1889, BFC Preußen 1894 BTuFC Union 1892 and the scepter in the city. Viktoria and Union could then also be Dutch champion. Subsequently, also BFC Hertha, SC Union 06 Oberschöneweide, Tennis Borussia and BFC Vorwärts 1890 more prominent. Hertha is with two titles early thirties the last Berlin champion. After the introduction of the Bundesliga disappeared many clubs from the higher series. Hertha became the only fixture in the Bundesliga. Beyond could just SpVgg Blau-Weiß, Tennis Borussia and SC Tasmania 1900 a handful of seasons in the Fußball-Bundesliga games. In East Berlin and [http://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=nl&to=en&a=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1._FC_Union_Berlin BFC Dynamo were 1. FC Union Berlin,] the most successful clubs of this plays only Union still at a high level (2.Bundesliga).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The polar bears Berlin and ALBA Berlin come from in the highest ice hockey League in the basketballrespectively. Furthermore, the capital with three clubs represented in the volleyball-Bundesliga and Wasserfreunde Spandau 04 water polo team is almost successively become Dutch champion since 1979. The handball players of Füchse Berlin knew to promotion to the Bundesliga in 2007.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The Olympic Stadium has a capacity of nearly 75,000 places and in 2006 was the place where the final of the World Cup was organized. There is also the annual finals of the DFB-Pokal place. The Sport forum Hohenschönhausen is a indoor 400 meter-ice rink in Berlin and is in 2007 the 7th fastest indoor ice rink in the world.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Berlin the Berlin Marathon is held. Likewise any finds in the city place the ISTAF . This important athletics event is part of the IAAF Diamond League. In addition, the 2009 World Championships took place in Berlin. In 1931 the 1936 Summer Olympics to the city bestowed upon them. For this occasion the architect Werner March designed Olympia Stadium. Of the sporting manifestation made the Leni Riefenstahl film Olympia, which was much awarded as well as nazi propaganda is reviled.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Straight through Berlin the European hiking route E11, running from Den Haag to the East, currently up to the border Poland/Lithuania. ==Traffic and transport<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == The new Berlin Central station<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin is unlocked by the A10 ring road, which has a length of 196 km and largely by the State of Brandenburg runs. Also within the A10 are still some 22 km long highways, including the Berliner stadtring (A100), which as a half ring around the city centre, is unfinished. Since 2008 is in parts of the Berlin town a environmental sticker required.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Opened in 2006, this Berlin Hauptbahnhof is the main station of the city and the largest crossing station in Europe. Berlin offers fast rail connections with the main cities of Germany and several other major European cities.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin also has an extensive network of City and regional transport. In addition to regional rail links, the city has a S-Bahn, tram, a subway, a large number of bus lines and also some ferry lines. Many of these services are operated by the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe, but the operation of the S-Bahn in the hands of the Deutsche Bahn.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin has two airports. In terms of numbers of aircraft movements is Tiled in the Northwest the largest airport, but currently is in the municipality of the same name Schönefeldconverted to take over the function of Tile. The name carries the new airport Berlin Brandenburg International (BBI), which underlined the importance for the Brandenburg region.The originally third, Tempelhofairport of the city, was closed on 31 October 2008. ==Education and science<span class="mw-editsection" len="338" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Humboldt University Of BerlinRost-und Silberlaube of the Free University of Berlin<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin possesses a high concentration of science-and research institutions. A total of 31 In the city studying at universities and colleges, including four art schools, around 160,000 students, of which some 16% comes from abroad.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" len="161" style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"> [18]  to the four Berlin universities stand together about 100,000 students enrolled (as of winter semester 2012/2013).

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Berlin is the Humboldt University in Berlin, named after the brothers Wilhelmand Alexander von Humboldt with around 33,600 students (without Charité), the Free University of Berlin with around 34,500 students (without Charité) and has one of the largest training Dutch language and culture outside the Netherlands and Flanders, the Technical University of Berlin with around 29,600 students as well as the University of the arts with around 4,500 students. To the Charité study around the 7,200 students.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The medical faculty of the free University and Humboldt University in 2003 were merged into Charité. Since then this with four pitches Europe's largest medical faculty.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Every year, around EUR 1.8 billion public investment in science and research incentives, more than 13 percent of the patent applications of science in Germany come from Berlin.More than 50,000 people studying, researching and working on one of the 70 publicly funded research institutions. Also the major national research organisations Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Leibniz-Gemeinschaft and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft with multiple institutes present. In addition, various federal ministries in altogether eight research institutes. Most scientific institutions are concentrated in the pitches Buch, Charlottenburg, Mitte and Dahlem, Wissenschafts-und Wirtschaftsstandort Adlershof(WISTA) in Adlershof. ==Media<span class="mw-editsection" len="320" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == Axel Springer AG Headquarters<p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Berlin is the location of several regional and national broadcasters. In addition to television stations, as Nick, MTV, VIVA, Comedy Central,N24 and TV Berlin, there is a large number of commercial radio stations in Berlin. Also the public broadcaster RBB (the aggregation of the nominated in the former West BerlinSFB and ORBin Brandenburg ) has an Office in Berlin; Deutsche Welle and DeutschlandRadio in the city have a side studio. The political significance as the capital also means that most supraregional channels as Das Erste, ZDF and RTL have their Capital studio there.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.3999996185303px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In Berlin have the national important Springer-Verlag and the regional Berliner Verlag their Office. In no other German city appear more newspapers. Supraregional daily newspapers are the boulevard newspaper Bild and the subscription newspapers the linksliberale taz, the conservative Die Welt, Neues Deutschland of the political party and the Socialist Die Linke Junge Welt. With the Junge Freiheit, the right-conservative der Freitag and the left-wing left civil Jungle World appear three small supraregional weekly magazines. Daily local subscription daily newspapers are the Berliner Zeitung, the Berliner morgenpost and Der Tagesspiegel. Other than that, there are the local boulevard in Berlin newspapers Berliner Kurierand B.Z. . Further appear different ad magazines like Berliner Woche, the Berliner Abendblatt, Zweite Hand and city magazines like the Tip, the[030 Magazin] and Zitty. ===Radio & tv<span class="mw-editsection" len="329" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ===
 * Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg
 * RBB Fernsehen
 * RadioBerlin 88.8
 * Fritz
 * RBB Kulturradio
 * RBB Radio Eins
 * RBB Radio Multikulti
 * Deutsche Welle
 * Flux FM
 * Jazz Radio Berlin
 * JamFM
 * Klassik Radio
 * 104.6 RTL
 * 94,3 rs2
 * Berliner Rundfunk 91! 4
 * Spreeradio 105.5
 * BB Radio
 * Star FM 87.9
 * 98 8 Kiss FM
 * Energy 103.4
 * Metropol FM (Turkish)
 * Radio Russkij Berlin
 * Radio Teddy (for children)
 * Twen FM
 * n-tv
 * Berlinale