Enigma

Enigma is a 2001 American drama film directed by Michael Apted and starring Kate Winslet and Dougray Scott

The scenario of the film is based on the 1995 book by Robert Harris. The story is set during the Second World War in March 1943 in Bletchley Park (England) and uses a number of true facts like the Katyn massacre and the cracking of the Enigma machines of the German army.

Enigma was a modest success in the cinemas and spent $ 4.298.329 on in the US and £ 4.647.791 in the United Kingdom



Content
[hide] *1 Story  ==Story[ Edit] == England, March 1943, the Second World War is at its height. Despite the fact that the German army in Russia losing ground, can still win the war Hitler. Are U-boats threaten the convoys that England ports with food, soldiers and weapons. As to isolate the German Kriegsmarine succeeds in England by the British and American merchant fleet off the country will lose the war. In Bletchley Park in Buckinghamshire are encryption experts feverishly working on breaking the codes that the German Navy and army used for their Enigma encryption machine. The German encryption machines work with discs that messages can turn into countless codes. According to Enigma the Germans is unbreakable, but the British have already several codes can break. The Germans are after some notable British successes on U-boats, however, become suspicious and have adopted radio silence. This gives the code breakers not sufficient material to crack the new codes. Which codes are by the British called "Shark" (shark).
 * 2 Cast
 * 3 history
 * 3.1 Bletchley Park
 * 3.2 Shark
 * 3.3 U-571
 * 3.4 Jagged Films
 * 3.5 Robert Harris
 * 4 Production
 * 4.1 Locations
 * 4.2 Details
 * 5 History and fiction
 * 5.1 the traitor
 * 5.2 Alan Turing
 * 5.3 historical errors
 * 6 Music
 * 7 Sources

Crypto analyst Tom Jericho returns from Cambridge to help crack the code. Six months earlier, he had left Bletchley Park after a nervous breakdown after he overworked was hit and also his love affair with Claire Romilly failed. Jericho are looking for Claire immediately. She is also involved in Bletchley Park and lives in the neighborhood. If Jericho goes along with her, it turns out the girl a few days earlier to be gone. Her roommates with fellow, Hester Wallace, helps Tom Jericho with his search for Claire. Soon it turns out that Claire has not yet deciphered, various, whether printed messages. Not long after that, the search also noted by Wigram, which turns out to work for the counter-espionage MI-5. While Wigram a cat-and-mouse game plays with Jericho, the last discovered the key to breaking the Shark code

If Jericho gets some more freedom after his success, he goes further with Hester on search. They come out that the Government secret information about a mass killing of Polish officers at Katyn in the cover up has stopped. It turns out that not the Germans, but the Russians were responsible for the mass murder at the beginning of the war. The British are afraid that the Americans will steps out of the war when they hear of this monstrous act of their ally Russia. It turns out that the Polish cryptanalyst Jozef ' Puck ' Pukowski, a colleague of Jericho, is furious about the mass slaughter. His own brother is shot dead at Katyn by the Russians and he wants revenge. Jericho and Hester come out that Puck to the Germans want to tell that their Enigma codes were broken. But Jericho comes late in Scotland to find out to him, he has fled with a u-boat. But that also has been sitting to let Puck chasing Wigram air force bomb the u-boat. Together with Puck sinks the wrecked U-boat to the bottom of the sea. ==Division Of Roles[ Edit] == ==For History[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Bletchley Park<span class="mw-editsection" len="334" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The British Government Code and Cipher School at Bletchley Park during the Second World War was one of the most important centers. Here the codes of the German Wehrmacht were broken. Because now the allies were able to read all messages exchanged between the Wehrmachtonderdelen, one could the Germans often one step ahead of his. The Germans used for their coding called Enigma. The Enigma is both a name as a generic name of electromechanical cipher machines of the type rotor machines. This allows messages encoded in other letter combinations than the original, which can be then translated back again.Enigma is Greek for mystery. The Enigma device was marketed in the 1920s by Chiffriermaschinen AG and in use by several European companies, diplomatic services and armies, but was best known as a cipher of the Wehrmacht before and during World War II in nazi Germany. The principle was conceived by Dutchman Hugo Alexander Koch ===Shark<span class="mw-editsection" len="324" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The information, obtained by decoding the secret German messages, was given the code name "Ultra" and played a key role in several major battles of the Second World War. In particular during attacks by German U-boats on Allied convoys in the Atlantic Ocean in 1943 was Ultra vital. Long time dominated the Kriegsmarine and the Ocean with its submarines threatened the supply of England from the us. Initially the U-boats were sitting on the same communication network if the surface ships, but the Germans got suspicion when the allies sometimes acted against the successful dive boats. In February 1942, a new Enigma in the U-boats, the M-4 with new code keys. This new code, Shark or shark, was based on four Enigma rotors and was practically unbreakable. It took the code breakers at Bletchley Park to break ten months to ' shark '.Crucial was the seizure of the U-559 of Kapitänleutnant Hans Heidtmann been. The British HMS Petard, leaving three crew members to the sinking u-boat swimming to obtain the code books ===U-571<span class="mw-editsection" len="325" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">In 2000, Director Jonathan Mostow the film U-571 with an American submarine intercepted a German u-boat and takes the Enigma machine. The story is obvious based on the true conquest of the Enigma code books by HMS Petard. But the story of the American contribution is completely fictitious. The only u-boat with Enigma that the u.s. Navy intercepted was the U-505 in June 1944, a year after the war in the Atlantic. In the United Kingdom was formed at veterans from the second world war, and also at many British spectators who had experienced the war, dissatisfaction at the distortion of the facts. It was as if the Americans so many years after the war suddenly got the honor for breaking the Enigma code. It was supposed to still be possible to identify the truth? ===Jagged Films<span class="mw-editsection" len="332" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">One of the great admirers of the Bletchley Park code breakers is Mick Jagger, the lead singer of the English rock band The Rolling Stones. Jagger even possessed an original Enigma from the war. In 1995 had Jagger together with Victoria Pearman, founded the film production company Jagged Films . The rock singer had in various films occurred and was not always been happy with the result. He wanted to start his own film projects, which now like he had to say. One of the first projects of Jagged Films was a film about the Enigma Encryption machine. It was financially impossible for a similar film as "U-571", so one chose for a less spectacular approach, in which the side of the code breakers was brought into the picture. This Jagged Films take a book from 1995 as a starting point, "Enigma" by Robert Harris ===Robert Harris<span class="mw-editsection" len="333" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The former television journalist Robert Harris wrote in the 1980s, a number of non-fiction books about the war over the Falklands, the fraud around the alleged diaries of Adolf Hitler and on chemical warfare. In 1992 he switched on non-fiction and wrote the novel Fatherland about an alternate future in which Hitler has won the war. Ironically, Hitler had won the war on the Atlantic Ocean, after his U-boats had broken England. In his second book "Enigma" from 1995 was the u-boat battle on the Atlantic Ocean again the starting point, this time linked to the race against the clock that the British code-breakers to the Shark code by the Germans to break. There was criticism of the book, so recognized former staff of Bletchley Park little of the atmosphere, which in reality hung. Other important critical point was the fact that a calculated a Pool the traitor is, there was a traitor in Bletchley Park, but that was an Englishman who worked for the Russians. But "Enigma" was filmed including Polish traitor, where Enigma actually the history just as twisted as the Americans withU-571 ==Production<span class="mw-editsection" len="329" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===Locations<span class="mw-editsection" len="329" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The film was shot in England, Scotland and Netherlands. Since film producers found that the real Bletchley Park little resembled their own image of the encryption Chicheley Hall school, they took as a replacement location. Studio shots were made at Elstree Film Studios. In addition, it was filmed at the Great Central Railway in Loughborough or Tigh Beg Croft, Oban, Adelphi building, John Adam Street, Strand, London, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Argyll and Bute, Scotland, Devon, England, Luton Hoo Estate, Luton, Bedfordshire, Tigh Beg Croft, Scotland, and Loch Feochan. ===Details<span class="mw-editsection" len="335" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Producer Mick Jagger lent his own Enigma cipher to the production. Jagger has a cameo in the movie as actress Kate Winslet during a ball. RAF officer was pregnant during the shooting. The producers forced all recordings in which her pregnancy not yet stand out were first created. At the end of the film is the character that Winslet is also pregnant and that shots were last made. ==History and fiction<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == ===The traitor<span class="mw-editsection" len="332" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Although twists history less than Enigma "U-571" is the movie not without errors. Just like in the book Enigma neglects the contribution of Polish code breakers that already 1939 managed to break the Enigma codes of the Wehrmacht. It is for that reason for Poland at all acid that precisely a Pool the traitor of Bletchley Park is. But from the point of view of the plot is the choice for a Pool to defend as a traitor. The Polish code breaker discovered through deciphered Enigma messages that his brother at the victims of Katyn is. But it is still fiction. The only real traitor of Bletchley Park was a Brit, John Cairncross, the fifth member of theCambridge Five. During his work at Bletchley Park, Cairns information from Enigma messages to the Soviet Union. ===Alan Turing<span class="mw-editsection" len="332" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The character of Tom Jericho is based on the mathematician Alan Turing (1912-1954). Turing was a brilliant mathematician and developed a machine that is seen as a forerunner of the modern computers the Turing machine. During the Second World War Turing worked at Bletchley Park on the decipherment of the Enigma codes. He was head of Hut 8, charged with breaking the German Enigma codes for the Navy. To do this, he developed a machine, the bombe, with which he could find settings for the Enigma coding machines. Other than Jericho was Thuring homosexual and eccentric. So he wore during his bike ride a gas mask because he was suffering from hay fever and chained his coffee mug on the radiators of the heating as he left his Office. Although Jericho though refers to Turing machines and Turing theories he seems not really on the mathematician. In 1952, Turing was arrested on suspicion of homosexual acts (at that time punishable in England) and condemns. In 1954, he was found dead, died from the effects of poisoning with hydrocyanic acid. ===Historical errors<span class="mw-editsection" len="339" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] === <p lang="en" len="60" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The film is characterized by a number of historical errors:

==Music<span class="mw-editsection" len="327" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] == <p lang="en" len="70" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">The following songs and classical compositions are in the film told:
 * The movie plays at the end of april 1943, but the big battle on the Atlantic Ocean between the U-boats and convoys, which are central to the story, took place between 7-11 March 1943.
 * Some Enigma machines are equipped with State-of-the-art light bulbs.
 * In the beginning of the movie is at the scene on the drive to see a recording of the track, including the concrete sleepers are very uncommon that were introduced until early 1980.
 * In a "long shot" of the Houses of Parliament in London are to see the black Portcullis House's chimneys. This building dates back to the late 1990s.
 * In the beginning of the movie, the word ' presently ' used in the sense of ' today ' or ' now '. In 1943 and ' presently ' meant, ' soon '
 * In the film are big fields with rapeseed, but only at the end of the 1970s in England was rapeseed grown in large quantities.
 * In the last scene, which plays in the London of 1946, we see the main character Hester of the sidewalk steps, double yellow lines (non-parking). In 1946 were these lines is not already in use. In that same scene are also to see modern double-decker bus in Trafalgar Square.
 * The railway wagons in the film are the MK1-wagons of British Railways. The MK-1, however, was was taken into service for the first time in 1951.
 * At the Chase scene in the film are telephone poles to do with modern insulated cables. In 1943 were that copper wires.
 * At the beginning of the movie is to see a UPS delivery truck, but then the modern variant and not those of 1943.
 * The character Admiral Trowbridge salutes in the film with his palm in the direction of the person it regards. That is the normal greeting of the army. At the British Navy salutes you with the palm facing down.
 * As the submarine on the end of the film explodes swims Jericho for his life and be saved. In reality he would be blown to pieces, because water an explosion much better led than land.
 * In the movie diving the U-boats with the so called "klaxon" alert, however, this was unknown to the U-boats during World War II.
 * The programme of the Brahms concert that by Wigram is found in the coat of Jericho is dated on Friday 25 april 1943. In 1943 april 25, fell on a Sunday.

<p lang="en" len="110" style="margin-top:0.5em;line-height:22.399999618530273px;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;">Aurèle Nicolet (flute) and Peter Reidemeisser (flute) and the Stuttgarter Kammerorchester conducted by Karl Münchinger
 * "5 Variants or ' Dives and Lazarus '" (Ralph Vaughan Williams) conducted by The Academy of St. Martin-in-the-Fields conducted by Neville Marriner
 * "Put Your Arms Around Me Honey" (Albert von Tilzer/Junie McCree ') performed by the Phil Green Orchestra
 * "Black Bottom" (Ray Henderson/Lew Brown and Bud Desylva Harms) performed by Lannin Howard & His Orchestra
 * "One O'Clock Jump" (Count Basie) performed by Benny Goodman and His Orchestra
 * "Chorale Prelude No. 18, Wenn wir in höchsten 668, B W V Nöten Sein" (Johann Sebastian Bach) performed by Peter Hurford (organ)
 * "You'll Never Know" (Harry Warren/Mack Gordon) performed by Anne Shelton
 * "Andante of the fourth Brandenburg Concert, 4, B W V 1049" (Johann Sebastian Bach) performed by

==Sources<span class="mw-editsection" len="328" style="-webkit-user-select:none;font-size:small;margin-left:1em;line-height:1em;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;font-family:sans-serif;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">[ Edit<span class="mw-editsection-bracket" len="1" style="color:rgb(85,85,85);">] ==
 * "Tiggerty Boo" (Hall Halifax)
 * "Adeste Fidelis (O Come All Ye Faithful)" (composer unknown)
 * Robert Harris, "Enigma", 1995
 * F.H. Hinsley, "the inside story of Bletchley Park Codebreakers,", 1994
 * Andrew Hodges and Douglas Hofstadter, "Alan Turing, the enigma", 2000
 * Robert Murphy, "The British Cinema Book", 2009
 * Marc Spitz, "Jagger: Rebel, Rockstar, Rambler, Rogue", 2011